Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T13:32:30.588Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

14 - Language Regimes, Global English, and National Public Education

from Part III - Levels of Governance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2024

By
Peter Ives
Edited by
Ericka Albaugh ,
Linda Cardinal  and
Rémi Léger
Ericka Albaugh
Affiliation:
Bowdoin College, Maine
Linda Cardinal
Affiliation:
Université de l'Ontario français
Rémi Léger
Affiliation:
Simon Fraser University, British Columbia
Get access

Summary

Many academic and media accounts of the massive spread of English across the globe since the mid-twentieth century rely on simplistic notions of globalization mostly driven by technology and economic developments. Such approaches neglect the role of states across the globe in the increased usage of English and even declare individual choice as a key factor (e.g., De Swaan, 2001; Crystal, 2003; Van Parijs, 2011; Northrup, 2013). This chapter challenges these accounts by using and extending the state traditions and language regimes framework, STLR (Cardinal & Sonntag, 2015). Presenting empirical findings that 142 countries in the world mandate English language education as part of their national education systems, it is suggested there are important similarities with the standardization of national language at the nation-state level especially in the nineteenth century and early twentieth centuries. This work reveals severe limitations of other approaches in political science to global English, including linguistic justice. It is shown how in the case of global English the convergence of diverse language regimes must be distinguished from state traditions but cannot be separated from them. With the severe challenges to global liberal cosmopolitanism, the role of individual state language education policies will become increasingly important.

Keywords

Englishspreadglobalizationeducationcosmopolitanismstandardization
Type
Chapter
Information
States of Language Policy
Theorizing Continuity and Change
 , pp. 267 - 286
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albaugh, E. (2014). State-Building and Multilingual Education in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, B. (1991). Imagined Communities, 2nd ed. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Ansah, M. A., and Agyeman, N. A.. (2015). Ghana Language-in-Education Policy: The Survival of Two South Guan Minority Dialects. Per Linguam, 31(1), 89–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, C. (2015). The Language Politics of Peace-Building. In Cardinal, L. and Sonntag, S., eds., State Traditions and Language Regimes. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, pp. 237–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balibar, É. (1991). The Nation Form: History and Ideology. In É. Balibar, and Wallerstein, I., eds., Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities. London: Verso, pp. 86–106.Google Scholar
Busekist, A. von. (2018). Idealism or Pragmatism? Ad hoc Multilingualism and Open English. In Kraus, P. and Grin, F., eds., The Politics of Multiculturalism: Europeanisation, Globalisation and Linguistic Governance. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 305–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardinal, L. and Sonntag, S., eds. (2015). State Traditions and Language Regimes. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardinal, L. and Léger, R. (2018). The Politics of Multilingualism in Canada. In Kraus, P. and Grin, F., eds., The Politics of Multiculturalism: Europeanisation, Globalisation and Linguistic Governance. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 19–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, J. (2019). Introduction: Regimes of Language and the Social, Hierarchized Organization of Ideologies. Special Issue, Language and Communication, 66, 1–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crystal, D. (2003). English as a Global Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demont-Heinrich, C. (2009). Language, Globalization, and the Triumph of Popular Demand. The Communication Review, 12(June), 20–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Mauro, T. (1986). Storia Linguistica Dell’Italia Unita. Rome: Laterza.Google Scholar
De Schutter, H. (2018). Linguistic Justice and English as a Lingua Franca. In Kraus, P. and Grin, F., eds., The Politics of Multiculturalism: Europeanisation, Globalisation and Linguistic Governance. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 167–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Schutter, H. and Robichaud, D.. (2015). Linguistic Justice. Van Parijs and His Critics. Special Issue. Critical Review of Social and Political Philosophy, 18, 2.Google Scholar
De Swaan, A. (2001). Words of the World. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Dovalil, V. (2018). Qual der Wahl, or Spoiled for Choice? English and German as the Subject of Decision Making Processes in the Czech Republic. In Sherman, T. and Nekvapil, J., eds., English in Business and Commerce. Interactions and Policies. Berlin/Boston: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 276–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia, N. (2015). State Tradition, Language, and Education Policies in France. In Cardinal, L. and Sonntag, S., eds., State Traditions and Language Regimes. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, pp. 219–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghani, F. (2018). South Korea Bans English Education for First and Second Graders. Aljazeera, March 2. www.aljazeera.com/amp/indepth/features/south–korea–bans–english–education–graders–180302100352881.html?Google Scholar
Graddol, D. (2006). English Next. London: The British Council. www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/english–next.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, E. (1990). Nations and Nationalism Since 1780. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Holborrow, M. (1999). The Politics of English: A Marxist View of Language. London: SAGE Publications.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ives, P. (2019). Gramsci and Global English. Rethinking Marxism, 31(1), 58–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ives, P. (2018). Language and the State in Western Political Theory. In Tollefson, J. and Pérez–Milans, M., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Language Policy and Planning. Oxford: University of Oxford Press, pp. 183–201.Google Scholar
Ives, P. (2016). Language and Collective Identity. In Späti, C., ed., Language and Identity Politics. New York: Berghahn, pp. 17–37.Google Scholar
Ives, P. (2015a). Language Politics, Globalization and Global English: Bringing the State Back. In Cardinal, L. and Sonntag, S., eds., State Traditions and Language Regimes. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, pp. 97–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ives, P. (2015b). Global English and Inequality: The Contested Ground of Linguistic Power. In Tupas, R., ed., Unequal Englishes: The Politics of Englishes Today. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 74–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ives, P. (2015c). Language, State and Global Capitalism: “Global English” and Historical Materialism. In Chen, T. M. and Churchill, D., eds., The Material of World History. New York: Routledge, pp. 35–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ives, P. (2015d). Global English and the Limits of Liberalism. In Ricento, T., ed., Language Policy and Political Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 48–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ives, P. (2010). Cosmopolitanism and Global English: Language Politics in Globalisation Debates. Political Studies, 58, 516–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ives, P. (2006). Global English: Linguistic Imperialism or Lingua Franca? Studies in Language and Capitalism, 1(1), 121–141, Reprinted in John E. Joseph, ed., Language and Politics. Vol. 4. London: Routledge, 2010.Google Scholar
Kachru, B. (2005). Asian English: Beyond the Canon. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Kirkpatrick, R., ed. (2017). English Language Education Policy in the Middle East and North Africa. Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroskrity, P., ed. (2000). Regimes of Language: Ideologies, Polities and Identities. Sante Fe: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar
Lam, A. and Wang, W.. (2008). Negotiating Language Value in Multilingual China. In Tan, P. and Rubdy, R., eds., Language as a Commodity. London: Continuum, pp. 146–170.Google Scholar
Liu, A. (2015). The Politics of Language Regime: A Comparative Analysis of Southeast Asia. In Cardinal, L. and Sonntag, S., eds., State Traditions and Language Regimes. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, pp. 137–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marácz, L. (2018). Language, Norms and Power in a Globalised Context. In Kraus, P. and Grin, François, eds., The Politics of Multiculturalism: Europeanisation, Globalisation and Linguistic Governance. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 223–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menken, K. and García, O.. (2010). Introduction. In Menken, K. and Garcia, O., eds., Negotiating Language Policies in Schools: Educators as Policy Makers. New York: Routledge, pp. 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikanowski, J. (2018). Behemoth, Bully, Thief: How the English Language Is Taking Over the Planet. The Guardian, July 27. www.theguardian.com/news/2018/jul/27/english–language–global–dominance.Google Scholar
Moss, H. (2000). Language and Italian National Identity. In Haddock, B. and Bedani, G., eds., Politics of Italian National Identity. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 98 –123.Google Scholar
Northrup, D. (2013). How English Became the Global Language. London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortega, Y. (2018). Mapping Latin American English Language Policies: Onward to Bilingual Education for Whom? Conference paper presented at Multidisciplinary Approaches to Language Policy and Planning, August 24, OISE/University of Toronto, Toronto.Google Scholar
Phillipson, R. (2018). English, the Lingua Nullius of Global Hegemony. In Kraus, P. and Grin, F., eds., The Politics of Multilingualism. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 275–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillipson, R. (2009). Linguistic Imperialism Continued. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sarangi, A. (2015). India’s Language Regime: The Eighth Schedule. In Cardinal, L. and Sonntag, S., eds., State Traditions and Language Regimes. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, pp. 205–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schieffelin, B., Woolard, K.. and Kroskrity, P.., eds. (1998). Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sonntag, S. (2010). La diversité linguistique et la mondialisation: Les limites des théories liberales. Politique et Sociétés, 29(1), 15–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sonntag, S. (2003). The Local Politics of Global English. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Sonntag, S. and Cardinal, L. (2015). Introduction: State Traditions and Language Regimes. In Cardinal, L. and Sonntag, S., eds., State Traditions and Language Regimes. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, pp. 3–28.Google Scholar
Tilly, C. (1992). Coercion, Capital and European States: AD 990–1990. Cambridge: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Van Parijs, P. (2011). Linguistic Justice for Europe and the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, J. (2015). The Irish Language Regime and Language Ideology in Ireland. In Cardinal, L. and Sonntag, S., eds., State Traditions and Language Regimes. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, pp. 62–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, E. (1976). Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870–1914. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×