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Chapter 33 - Toxic and metabolic causes of sleepiness

from Section 3 - Medical, Psychiatric and Neurological Causes Of Sleepiness

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2011

By
Fabio Cirignotta  and
Fabio Pizza
Edited by
Michael J. Thorpy  and
Michel Billiard
Michael J. Thorpy
Affiliation:
Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Michel Billiard
Affiliation:
Guide Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
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Summary

This chapter reviews the current evidence available on excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), looking for similarities and differences between different metabolic disturbances and for potential confounders such as daytime fatigue and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). It highlights that EDS can be a feature characterizing infectious or inflammatory diseases, obesity, insulin resistance, renal and hepatic failure, and pulmonary diseases. Daytime sleepiness and sleep disturbances are common complaints in patients with chronic renal failure and end stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing dialysis treatment. Few studies have evaluated nocturnal sleep together with daytime sleepiness in patients with pulmonary diseases that lead to severe metabolic alterations such as hypoxia and hypercapnia. The paucity and heterogeneity of the literature on EDS in metabolic conditions intrinsically limits the strength of the association. EDS is frequently associated with chronic metabolic diseases that have high prevalence and heavy socio-economical impact.

Keywords

circadian rhythm disordersexcessive daytime sleepinessfragmented nighttime sleepobstructive sleep apneapediatric daytime sleepiness scalenarcolepsyinsufficient nighttime sleephypersomnia
Type
Chapter
Information
Sleepiness
Causes, Consequences and Treatment
 , pp. 375 - 385
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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