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Chapter 38 - Caffeine and other alerting agents

from Section 4 - Therapy of Excessive Sleepiness

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2011

Michael J. Thorpy
Affiliation:
Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Michel Billiard
Affiliation:
Guide Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
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Summary

Caffeine is effective at restoring alertness and psychomotor vigilance during periods of sleepiness. Sleepiness can result from a number of causes, including normal fluctuations in alertness that occur throughout the day, more severe degradation of alertness that occurs during the overnight circadian trough, increased homeostatic sleep pressure that accumulates during periods of prolonged wakefulness, or some combination of these factors. This chapter explores the effectiveness of caffeine as a countermeasure to sleepiness in each of these situations. It explains the use of caffeine to overcome sleepiness and sustain alertness and performance during periods when sleep is not desired or must be avoided. When applied judiciously, caffeine appears to be a relatively safe, effective, and socially acceptable countermeasure to occasional unwanted sleepiness. However, like most drugs, optimal benefits from caffeine only emerge when it is used appropriately and with due consideration to both its positive and negative effects.
Type
Chapter
Information
Sleepiness
Causes, Consequences and Treatment
, pp. 430 - 443
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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