Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T22:18:29.816Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part III - Development Angles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2019

Edited by
Manfred Elsig ,
Michael Hahn  and
Gabriele Spilker
Manfred Elsig
Affiliation:
Universität Bern, Switzerland
Michael Hahn
Affiliation:
Universität Bern, Switzerland
Gabriele Spilker
Affiliation:
Universität Salzburg
Get access

Summary

International migration is a relative newcomer on the “trade and” agenda and has hitherto received relatively little attention in trade and migration studies alike. The inclusion of labour migration as one essential mode of cross-border trade in services, so-called Mode 4 in the GATS, opened the agenda for more far-reaching developments at the level of regional and bilateral free-trade agreements . This chapter shows that this deepening of the trade-migration nexus is intricately linked to power shifts in the global economy and the rise of regionalism. For the international trade regime in 2025, this means that, in combination with the ongoing power transitions, the trade-related mobility agenda is likely to expand beyond what the former sponsors of the GATS agreement, the European Union (EU) and the United States, originally intended.

Keywords

migrationservicesregionalismtrade agreementsintellectual property rightsBrazilIndiaChinadevelopmentinvestment promotioninvestment facilitationLDCssustainable developmenthome country measures
Type
Chapter
Information
The Shifting Landscape of Global Trade Governance
World Trade Forum
 , pp. 253 - 322
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Ahn, D. 2016. The Legal and Economic Analysis of the WTO/FTA System. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ceriani, P. 2015. “Improving Migrants’ Rights in Times of Crisis: Migration Policy in Argentina Since 2003,” In: Acosta Arcarazo, D. and Wiesbrok, A. (Eds.), Global Migration: Old Assumptions, New Dynamics. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Dawson, L. R. 2013. “Labour Mobility and the WTO: The Limits of GATS Mode 4,” International Migration 51 (1):1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghosh, B. 1997. Gains from Global Linkages. Trade in Services and Movement of Persons. London and New York: Macmillan, in association with International Organization for Migration (IOM).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hufbauer, G. C., Bradford Jensen, J. and Stephenson, S.. 2012. “Framework for the International Services Agreement,” Policy Brief of the Peterson Institute for International Economics 12 (10).Google Scholar
International Labour Organization (ILO) and ADB. 2015. ASEAN Community 2015: Managing Integration for Better Jobs and Shared Prosperity. Bangkok: ILO and ADB. www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/42818/asean-community-2015-managing-integration.pdf.Google Scholar
International Organisation for Migration (IOM). 2008. World Migration: Managing Labour Mobility in the evolving Global Economy, IOM World Migration Report Series, https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/wmr_1.pdf.Google Scholar
Lavenex, S. 2006. “The Competition State and the Multilateral Liberalization of Skilled Migration,” In: Smith, M. P. and Favell, A. (Eds.), The Human Face of Global Mobility, International Highly Skilled Migration in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Lavenex, S. and Jurje, F.. 2015. “The Migration-Trade Nexus: Migration Provisions in Trade Agreements,” In: Talani, L. and Mc Mahon, S. (Eds.), Handbook of International Political Economy of Migration. Cheltenham and Northampton: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Lavenex, S. and Jurje, F.. 2017. “EU/US Migration Policy towards Emerging Countries: Regulatory Power Reversed?,” The European Foreign Affairs Review 22, Special Issue: 157–76.Google Scholar
Lavenex, S., Jurje, F., Givens, T. and Buchanan, R.. 2016. “Regional Migration Governance,” In: Börzel, T. and Risse, T. (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Regional Integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Manning, C. and Bhatnagar, P.. 2004. “Liberalizing and Facilitating the Movement of Individual Service Providers under AFAS: Implications for Labour and Immigration Policies and Procedures in ASEAN,” REPSF Project 02/004 final report, online at http://aadcp2.org/file/02-004-FinalMainReportOnly_ApendixNotIncluded.pdf.Google Scholar
Mármora, L. 2010. “Modelos de Gobernabilidad Migratoria. La Perspectiva Política en América del Sur,” Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana 18(35):71–92.Google Scholar
Nielson, J. 2002. “Current Regimes for Temporary Movement of Service Providers Labour Mobility in Regional Trade Agreements.” Joint WTO ‐ World Bank Symposium on Movement of Natural Persons (Mode 4) Under the GATS.Google Scholar
Nikomborirak, D. and Jitdumrong, S.. 2013. “ASEAN Trade in Services,” In: Das, S. B. et al. (Eds.), ASEAN Economic Community. A Work in Progress. Singapore: ADB and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.Google Scholar
OECD, Trade Directorate. 2002. Working Party of the Trade Committee: Service Providers on the Move: A Closer Look at Labour Mobility and the GATS. TD/TC/WP(2001)26/final.Google Scholar
Panizzon, M. 2010. “Trade and Labor Migration, GATS Mode 4 and Migration Agreements,” Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Dialogue on Globalization Occasional Paper, N 47, Geneva.Google Scholar
Sapir, A. 1999. “The General Agreement on Trade in Services. From 1994 to the Year 2000,” Journal of World Trade 33(1):51–66.Google Scholar
UNESCAP. 2014. Regional Integration and Labour Mobility. Linking Trade, Migration and Development. Studies in Trade and Investment 81. Online at: www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/publications/STESCAP2688_No81.pdf.Google Scholar
WTO. 1998. Council for Trade in Services, Presence of Natural Persons (Mode 4), Background Note by the Secretariat, S/C/W/75of8.12.1998.Google Scholar

List of Interviews

Interview Permanent Mission of Indian to the WTO, Geneva, February 2013.

Interview Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), New Delhi, India, January 2014.

Interview Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Department of Commerce, New Delhi, India, January 2014.

Interview ASEAN Secretariat, AEC Department, Jakarta, Indonesia, June 2014.

Interview Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration, Jakarta, Indonesia, June 2014.

Interview Ministry of Trade Indonesia, Services division, Jakarta, June 2014.

Interview Expert IOM Buenos Aires and Regional Office for South America, Buenos Aires, July 21, 2014.

Interview Ministry of Labour, Buenos Aires, July 23, 2014.

Interview University of Lanus, Buenos Aires, July 22, 2014.

Interview National Direction for Migration, Buenos Aires, July 22, 2014.

Interview Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade, Brasilia July 29, 2014.

Interview Ministry of Trade, Services Division, Jakarta, Indonesia, October 2014.

Interview Ministry of Trade and Industry Singapore, September 2015.

Interview Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy, South Korea, Seoul, 2015.

Interview Academic Expert, Beijing, September 2015.

Interview ILO Experts, Beijing, September 2015.

Interview IOM Experts, Beijing, September 2015.

Interview Policy Expert, Beijing, September 2015.

Interview Government Official, Switzerland 2017.

References

Beall, R. and Kuhn, R.. 2012. “Trends in Compulsory Licensing of Pharmaceuticals Since the Doha Declaration: A Database Analysis,” PLoS Med 9, (1): e1001154.Google Scholar
Bird, R. and Cahoy, D.. 2007. “The Emerging BRIC Economies: Lessons from Intellectual Property Negotiation and Enforcement,” Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property 5(3):400–21.Google Scholar
Carranza, M. E. 2004. “Mercosur and the End Game of the FTAA Negotiations: Challenges and Prospects after the Argentine Crisis,” Third World Quarterly 25(2):319–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, L. H. 2010. China Engages Global Health Governance: Responsible Stakeholder or System-Transformer? Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Cheung, G. 2009. Intellectual Property Rights in China: Politics of Piracy, Trade and Protection. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christopher, May. 2006. World Intellectual Property Organization: Resurgence and the Development Agenda. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Correa, C. M. 2000. Intellectual Property Rights, the WTO and Developing Countries. New York: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Deere Birkbeck, C. 2008. The Implementation Game: The TRIPS Agreement and the Global Politics of Intellectual Property Reform in Developing Countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Devonshire, C. et al. 2011. Intellectual Property Rights in China (China Briefing). Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Dimitrov, M. 2009. Piracy and the State: The Politics of Intellectual Property Rights in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drahos, P. (2010). The Global Governance of Knowledge: Patent Offices and Their Clients. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ganesan, A. V. 2015. “Negotiating for India,” In: Watal, J. and Taubman, A. (Eds.), The Making of the TRIPS Agreement. Geneva: World Trade Organization, pp. 211–38.Google Scholar
Haunss, S. and Shadlen, K. C.. 2009. Politics of Intellectual Property: Contestation Over the Ownership, Use, and Control of Knowledge and Information. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Kapczynski, A. 2008. “The Access to Knowledge Mobilization and the New Politics of Intellectual Property,” Yale Law Journal 117:804–85.Google Scholar
Kapczynski, A. 2009. “Harmonization and Its Discontents: A Case Study of TRIPS Implementation in India’s Pharmaceutical Sector,” California Law Review 97:1571–649.Google Scholar
Kapoor, A. and Sharma, S.. 2015. “Intellectual Property Rights in India: Innovation and Competitiveness in the Indian Context,” India’s Innovation and IP Policies Working Paper.Google Scholar
Kennedy, S. 2005. The Business of Lobbying in China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kher, R. 2013. “India in the World Patent Order,” In: Abbott, F. M., Correa, C. M. and Drahos, P. (Eds.), Emerging Markets and the World Patent Order. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 183–224.Google Scholar
Krizic, I. and Serrano, O.. 2017. “Exporting Intellectual Property Rights to Emerging Countries: EU and US Approaches Compared,” European Foreign Affairs Review 22(2):57–75.Google Scholar
Matthews, D. 2011. Intellectual Property, Human Rights and Development: The Role of NGOs and Social Movements. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Mercurio, B. and Tyagi, M.. 2010. “Treaty Interpretation in WTO Dispute Settlement: The Outstanding Question of the Legality of Local Working Requirements,” Minnesota Journal of International Law 19:275–326.Google Scholar
Montero, A. P. 2014. Brazil: Reversal of Fortune. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Morin, J. F. et al. 2018. “Rising Economies in the International Patent Regime: From Rule-breakers to Rule-changers and Rule-makers,” New Political Economy 23(3):255–73.Google Scholar
Mueller, J. M. 2007. “The Tiger Awakens: The Tumultuous Transformation of India’s Patent System and the Rise of Indian Pharmaceutical Innovation,” University of Pittsburgh Law Review 68: 491–641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muzaka, V. and Serrano, O.. 2019. “Teaming-Up? China, India and Brazil and the Issue of Benefit-Sharing from Genetic Resource Use.” New Political Economy, doi:10.1080/13563467.2019.1584169.Google Scholar
Netanel, N. W. (Ed.) 2009. The WIPO Development Agenda: Global Intellectual Property and Developing Countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Oke, E. K. 2015. “Exploring the Flexibilities in TRIPS: Lessons from India’s Pharmaceutical Patent Law,” Commonwealth Law Bulletin 41(1):82–106.Google Scholar
Okediji, R. 2004. “Rules of Power in an Age of Law: Process Opportunism and TRIPS Dispute Settlement,” In: Kwan, C. and Hardigan, J. (Eds.), Handbook of International Trade. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 42–72.Google Scholar
Reichman, J. H. 2009. “Comment: Compulsory Licensing of Patented Pharmaceutical Inventions: Evaluating the Options,” Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 37(2):247–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, B. and Sell, S.. 2012. “China’s Role in Global Governance – Foreign Exchange and Intellectual Property: A Comparison,” Indiana University Research Center for Chinese Politics and Business Working Paper No. 31.Google Scholar
Sell, S. 1995. “Intellectual Property Protection and Antitrust in the Developing World: Crisis, Coercion, and Choice,” International Organization 49(2):315–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sell, S. and Prakash, A.. 2004. “Using Ideas Strategically: The Contest between Business and NGO Networks in Intellectual Property Rights,” International Studies Quarterly 48:143–75.Google Scholar
Serrano, O. 2016. “China and India’s Insertion in the Intellectual Property Rights Regime: Sustaining or Disrupting the Rules?” New Political Economy 21(3):343–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serrano, O. and Burri, M.. 2017. “Usufruindo das flexibilidades do TRIPS: implementação e difusão dos regimes de licenciamento compulsório no Brasil e na Índia” In: Menezes, H. (Ed.), Propriedade Intelectual Inovação Tecnológica e Saúde. Joao Pessoa: Editora UFPB.Google Scholar
Shadlen, K. C. 2005. “Policy Space for Development in the WTO and Beyond: The Case of Intellectual Property Rights,” Global Development and Environment Institute Working Paper No. 6.Google Scholar
Shadlen, K. C. and Sampat, B. N.. 2018. “Indian Pharmaceutical Patent Prosecution: The Changing Role of Section 3(d),” PLoS One. ISSN 1932-6203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194714.Google Scholar
Shaffer, G. et al. 2015. “State Transformation and the Role of Lawyers: The WTO, India, and Transnational Legal Ordering,” Law and Society Review 49:595–628.Google Scholar
Souza, A. de M. e. 2007. “Defying Globalization: Effective Self-Reliance in Brazil.” In: Hariss, P. G. and Simlon, P. D. (Eds.). The Global Politics of Aids. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp. 37–62.Google Scholar
Unni, V. K. 2012. “Indian Patent Law and TRIPS: Redrawing the Flexibility Framework in the Context of Public Policy and Health,” Pacific McGeorge Global Business and Development Law Journal 25:323–42.Google Scholar
Wade, R. H. 2003. “What Strategies Are Viable for Developing Countries Today? The World Trade Organization and the Shrinking of “Development Space”, Review of International Political Economy 10(4): 621–644.Google Scholar
Watal, J. and Taubman, A.. (Eds.) 2015. The Making of the TRIPS Agreement: Personal Insights form the Uruguay Round Negotiations: Geneva: World Trade Organization.Google Scholar
Zhang, Z. 2011. “From Words to Deeds: Explaining China’s (Non) Compliance with the Global Intellectual Property Rights Regime since the Country’s WTO Entry,” PhD Dissertation submitted to the University of Minnesota, August 2011.Google Scholar

References

Agence pour le commerce éxterieur. 2010. “Missions Économiques,” Agence pour le commerce extérieur, www.abh-ace.be/fr/missions_economiques, accessed June 6, 2018.Google Scholar
Berne Union. 2018. “Berne Union Members,” Berne Union, www.berneunion.org/Members, accessed February 2, 2018.Google Scholar
Biousse, K. and Miyamoto, K.. 2014. “Official Support for Private Sector Participation in Developing Country Infrastructure,” OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers 19: 1–60. doi.org/10.1787/5jz14cd40nf0-en.Google Scholar
CIRAD. 2017. “CIRAD Worldwide,” CIRAD. 2017, www.cirad.fr/en/who-are-we/cirad-worldwide, accessed January 16, 2018.Google Scholar
Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada Government of Canada. 2018. “Trade Missions,” Global Affairs Canada (GAC), https://international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade_events-evenements_commerciaux/trade_missions-missions_commerciales/index.aspx?lang=eng, accessed November 1, 2018.Google Scholar
Group of Ten, Committee on the Global Financial System, and Bank for International Settlements. 2005. The Role of Ratings in Structured Finance: Issues and Implications. Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements.Google Scholar
Hobér, K. and Fellenbaum, J.. 2015. “Political Risk Insurance and Financing of Foreign Direct Investment,” In Bungenberg, M., Griebel, J., Hobe, S., and Reinisch, A. (Eds.) International Investment Law: A Handbook, Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos/Hart, pp. 1517–51.Google Scholar
ICEX España Exportación e Inversiones. 2017. “Misiones de Inversores,” ICEX España Exportación e Inversiones, www.icex.es/icex/es/navegacion-principal/todos-nuestros-servicios/visitar-mercados/misiones/index.html, accessed June 6, 2018.Google Scholar
Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore. 2016. “IRAS E-Tax Guide. Income Tax and Stamp Duty: Mergers and Acquisitions Scheme,” www.iras.gov.sg/irashome/uploadedFiles/IRASHome/e-Tax_Guides/etaxguides_CIT_mergers_and_acquisitions_scheme.pdf, accessed June 30, 2018.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2003. External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users. Washington, DC: IMF.Google Scholar
Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC). 2017. “JBIC Profile,” Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), www.jbic.go.jp/wp-content/uploads/page/2016/12/53107/jbic-brochure-english.pdf, accessed January 16, 2018.Google Scholar
Jobst, A. 2007. “A Primer on Structured Finance,” Journal of Derivatives & Hedge Funds 13(3):199–213. doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jdhf.1850070.Google Scholar
Kanth, D. R. 2017. “US Opposed to Investment Facilitation Discussions at G20,” Third World Network, April 18, 2017, www.twn.my/title2/wto.info/2017/ti170408.htm, accessed April 21, 2018.Google Scholar
Kanth, D. R. 2018a. “India, South Africa, US Oppose G20 Draft on Investment Facilitation,” May 9, 2018, www.Livemint.Com/, accessed April 21, 2018.Google Scholar
Kanth, D. R. 2018b. “Large Majority of South Nations Opposed to ‘Investment Facilitation,’” www.livemint.com/Politics/ZcaJq4oeGLusd2Cuigk0iM/India-South-Africa-US-oppose-G20-draft-on-investment-facil.html, accessed April 21, 2018.Google Scholar
KFW. 2017. “Sub-Saharan Africa,” KFW - Bank Aus Verantwortung, www.kfw-entwicklungsbank.de/International-financing/KfW-Development-Bank/Local-presence/Subsahara-Africa/, accessed January 16, 2018.Google Scholar
KPMG. 2016. “New ‘Working Guidance of Administrative Measures for Recognition of High and New Technology Enterprise (HNTE)’ Released,” China Tax Alert July 19, 2016, https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2016/07/china-tax-alert-19.pdf, accessed May 19, 2018.Google Scholar
Kurtishi-Kastrati, S. 2013. “The Effects of Foreign Direct Investments for Host Country’s Economy,” European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5(1):26–38.Google Scholar
Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères. 2017. “Soutenir les entreprises françaises à l’étranger.” France Diplomatie, www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/politique-etrangere-de-la-france/diplomatie-economique-et-commerce-exterieur/soutenir-les-entreprises-francaises-a-l-etranger/, accessed January 16, 2018.Google Scholar
Ministry of Commerce Public Services of China. 2017. “Investment Project Information Database.”, http://project.fdi.gov.cn/1800000091_10000111_8.html, accessed June 6, 2018.Google Scholar
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Denmark. 2014. “Danida Business Partnerships.”, http://um.dk/en/danida-en/business/partnerships/. accessed June 6, 2017.Google Scholar
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. 2016. “China’s Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean.” November 24, 2016, www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/t1418254.shtml, accessed May 16, 2018.Google Scholar
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA). 2000. MIGA Annual Report 2000. Technical Assistance Services, www.miga.org/documents/pp42_60.pdf, accessed June 7, 2018.Google Scholar
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA). 2013. World Investment and Political Risk 2012. Washington, DC, www.miga.org/documents/wipr12.pdf, accessed June 7, 2018.Google Scholar
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA). 2014. World Investment and Political Risk 2013. Washington, DC: World Bank, www.miga.org/documents/WIPR13.pdf, accessed June 7, 2018.Google Scholar
OECD. 2010. Tax Expenditures in OECD Countries. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/book/9789264076907-en, accessed June 7, 2018.Google Scholar
OECD. 2012. Competitive Neutrality. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/book/9789264178953-en, accessed June 7, 2018.Google Scholar
OECD. 2015. “Policy Framework for Investment,” Policy Framework for Investment, www.oecd.org/investment/toolkit/, accessed June 7, 2018.Google Scholar
OECD and WTO. 2015. Aid for Trade at a Glance 2015. Aid for Trade at a Glance. Paris: OECD Publishing, doi.org/10.1787/aid_glance-2015-en.Google Scholar
Parra, A. R. 2012. The History of ICSID. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PwC). 2013. “Evolution of Territorial Tax Systems in the OECD,” April 2, 2013, www.techceocouncil.org/clientuploads/reports/Report%20on%20Territorial%20Tax%20Systems_20130402b.pdf, accessed January 20, 2018.Google Scholar
PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PwC). 2015. “Investment Guarantees of the Federal Republic of Germany,” www.pwc.de/en/offentliche-unternehmen/investitionsgarantien-des-bundes.html, accessed January 20, 2018.Google Scholar
PRO-CHILE. 2017. “Promociona tus productos y servicios en el extranjero,” www.prochile.gob.cl/promociona-tus-productos-y-servicios-en-el-extranjero/, accessed January 16, 2018.Google Scholar
Russian Investment Agency. 2017. “Services for Investees,” www.investment-in-russia.com/site/en?view=SERVICES-FOR-INVESTEES, accessed January 20, 2018.Google Scholar
Sarmah, P. 2003. Home Country Measures and FDI: Implications for Host Country Development. Edited by Centre for Competition, Investment & Economic Regulation (CUTS). Jaipur: CUTS.Google Scholar
Sauvant, K. P., Economou, P., Gal, K., Lim, S., and Wilinski, W. P.. 2014. “Trends in FDI, Home Country Measures and Competitive Neutrality,” In Bjorklund, A. K. (Ed.) Yearbook on International Investment Law & Policy 2012–2013, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 3–107.Google Scholar
Sauvant, K. P. and Mallampally, P.. 2015. “Strengthening Investment Promotion Regimes for Foreign Direct Investment in the Least Developed Countries,” Occasional Policy Papers Series on the Least Developed Countries. 1, New York: United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (UN-OHRLLS), pp. 1–32, www.unohrlls.org/custom-content/uploads/2015/07/Strengthen_Invest_Promotion_Regimes_FDI_LDCs.pdf, accessed March 20, 2018.Google Scholar
Singapore Economic Development Board. 2017. “Incentives for Business & Investments. Investing Business in Singapore,” March 15, 2017, www.edb.gov.sg/en/how-we-help/incentives-and-schemes.html, accessed November 22, 2018.Google Scholar
UNCTAD. 2001a. “Home Country Measures,” UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements, International Investment Agreements: Flexibility for Development. New York, Geneva: United Nations.Google Scholar
UNCTAD. 2001b. “The World of Investment Promotion at a Glance: A Survey of Investment Promotion Practices,” New York, Geneva: United Nations.Google Scholar
UNCTAD. 2011. “Foreign Direct Investment in LDCs: Lessons Learned from the Decade 2001–2010 and the Way Forward,” New York, Geneva: United Nations.Google Scholar
UNCTAD. 2016a. World Investment Report 2016. Investor Nationality: Policy Challenges. World Investment Report 2016. New York, Geneva: United Nations.Google Scholar
UNCTAD. 2016b. “UNCTAD’s Global Action Menu for Investment Facilitation,” May 31, 2016, http://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/Upload/Documents/UNCTAD_Investment%20Facilitation%20Action%20Menu_3_1.pdf, accessed March 20, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations. 2011. “Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011–2020, A/CONF.219/3/Rev.1,” May 23, 2011, http://unohrlls.org/UserFiles/File/IPoA.pdf, accessed March 20, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations. 2015. “Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development (Addis Ababa Action Agenda), A/RES/69/313,” August 17, 2015, http://unctad.org/meetings/en/SessionalDocuments/ares69d313_en.pdf, accessed March 20, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations Committee for Development Policy (CDP). 2016. Report on the Eighteenth Session (March 14–18, 2016). Economic and Social Council Official Records, 2016. Supplement No. 13 E/2016/33. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
United Nations Committee for Development Policy (CDP). 2018. “List of Least Developed Countries,” March 2018. www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/publication/ldc_list.pdf.Google Scholar
United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries. 2011. “Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries: Istanbul, Turkey, May 9–13, 2011. A/CONF.219/7,” http://unohrlls.org/UserFiles/File/A-CONF_219-7%20report%20of%20the%20conference.pdf, accessed March 20, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations General Assembly. 2014. “Strengthening Investment Promotion Regimes for Foreign Direct Investment in the Least Developed Countries. Report of the Secretary-General. A/69/270,” August 7, 2014, http://unohrlls.org/custom-content/uploads/2014/09/A69_270-SG-Report-on-FDI-in-LDCs.pdf, accessed March 20, 2018.Google Scholar
UN-OHCHR. 2011. “Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ Framework,” www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/GuidingPrinciplesBusinessHR_EN.pdf, accessed March 20, 2018.Google Scholar
The World Bank. 2017. “The Inspection Panel,” http://ewebapps.worldbank.org/apps/ip/Pages/Home.aspx, accessed March 21, 2018.Google Scholar
World Bank Group. 2017a. “Doing Business - Measuring Business Regulations,” www.doingbusiness.org/, accessed January 16, 2018.Google Scholar
World Bank Group. 2017b. “TCdata360: Risk and Policy Uncertainty,” https://tcdata360.worldbank.org/subtopics/risk?country=CHE, accessed December 22, 2017.Google Scholar
World Economic Forum. 2014. “The Role of the Private Sector in Fragile States: Catalyzing Investment for Security and Development. Global Agenda Council on Fragile States and Conflict Prevention 2013–2014,” www3.weforum.org/docs/GAC14/WEF_GAC14_FragileStatesConflictPrevention_Report%20.pdf, accessed June 7, 2018.Google Scholar
Zhan, J. 2016. “G20 Guiding Principles for Global Investment Policymaking: A Facilitator’s Perspective,” E15 Initiative (blog). December 2016. http://e15initiative.org/publications/g20-guiding-principles-for-global-investment-policymaking-a-facilitators-perspective/, accessed March 20, 2018.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×