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3 - Fixing the Fix

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 June 2022

Tamara Rice Lave
Tamara Rice Lave
Affiliation:
University of Miami
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Summary

Chapter 3 investigates the problematic beginnings of the 2011 Dear Colleague Letter (DCL) issued by the Department of Education Office for Civil Rights (OCR) under President Obama. It explaina how the DCL misrepresented existing data, violated the Administrative Procedure Act by changing the law without going through notice and comment, and flouted existing norms. In the process, the chapter provides an in-depth discussion of the changes brought about by the DCL, including mandating a lower standard of proof in sexual assault hearings.

Keywords

2011 Dear Colleague LetterAdministrative Procedure Actnotice-and-commentsignificant guidance documentAmerican Congress v United States Department of Laborlegal effect testlegislative rulegrievance procedurespolice investigationstandard of proofpreponderance of the evidencelawyersappealretaliationnoticeremedyenforcementforce of lawGeneral Electric v Environmental Protection AgencyJames LankfordCatherine E. Lhamon
Type
Chapter
Information
Sexual Assault on Campus
Defending Due Process
 , pp. 61 - 85
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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References

Letter from Russlyn Ali, Assistant Sec’y for Civil Rights, Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Dep’t of Educ., to Title IX Coordinators 2 (Apr. 4, 2011), www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague-201104.pdf/.Google Scholar
Cantalupo, Nancy Chi, Burying Our Heads in the Sand: Lack of Knowledge, Knowledge Avoidance, and the Persistent Problem of Campus Peer Sexual Violence, 43 Loy. U. Chi. L.J., 205, 205–266 (2011).Google Scholar
Cantor, David et al., AUU Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct (2015), Assoc. of American Universities (Sept. 21, 2015), www.aau.edu/uploadedFiles/AAU_Publications/AAU_Reports/Sexual_Assault_Campus_Survey/AAU_Campus_Climate_Survey_12_14_15.pdf/.Google Scholar
Franklin, David L., Legislative Rules, Nonlegislative Rules, and the Perils of the Short Cut, 120 Yale L.J. 276, 282 (2010).Google Scholar
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Krebs, Christopher & Lindquist, Christine, Setting the Record Straight on “1 in 5,” Time (Dec. 15, 2014, 1:53 PM EST), https://time.com/3633903/campus-rape-1-in-5-sexual-assault-setting-record-straight/.Google Scholar
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Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President, Final Bulletin for Agency Good Guidance Practices, 72 Fed. Reg., 3432, 3434 (Jan. 25, 2007).Google Scholar
Press Office, Vice President Biden Announces New Administration Effort to Help Nation’s Schools Address Sexual Violence, U.S. Dep’t of Educ. (Apr. 4, 2011), www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/vice-president-biden-announces-new-administration-effort-help-nations-schools-ad/.Google Scholar
Raso, Connor N., Note, Strategic or Sincere? Analyzing Agency Use of Guidance Documents, 119 Yale L.J. 782, 785 (2010).Google Scholar
Sinozich, Sofi & Langton, Lynn, Special Report: Rape and Sexual Assault Victimization among College Age Females, 1995–2013, U.S. Dep’t of Just., 1 (Dec. 2014), www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/rsavcaf9513.pdf/.Google Scholar
Strauss, Peter L., Comments, The Rulemaking Continuum, 41 Duke L.J., 1463–1489, at 1463 (1992).Google Scholar
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  • Fixing the Fix
  • Tamara Rice Lave, University of Miami
  • Book: Sexual Assault on Campus
  • Online publication: 23 June 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108919180.004
Available formats
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Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Fixing the Fix
  • Tamara Rice Lave, University of Miami
  • Book: Sexual Assault on Campus
  • Online publication: 23 June 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108919180.004
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Fixing the Fix
  • Tamara Rice Lave, University of Miami
  • Book: Sexual Assault on Campus
  • Online publication: 23 June 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108919180.004
Available formats
×