Remote Compositional Analysis Techniques for Understanding Spectroscopy, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of Planetary Surfaces
Book contents
- Remote Compositional Analysis
- Cambridge Planetary Science
- Remote Compositional Analysis
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Theory of Remote Compositional Analysis Techniques and Laboratory Measurements
- Part II Terrestrial Field and Airborne Applications
- Part III Analysis Methods
- 13 Effects of Environmental Conditions on Spectral Measurements
- 14 Hyper- and Multispectral Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Analysis
- 15 Thermal Infrared Spectral Modeling
- 16 Geochemical Interpretations Using Multiple Remote Datasets
- Part IV Applications to Planetary Surfaces
- Index
- References
13 - Effects of Environmental Conditions on Spectral Measurements
from Part III - Analysis Methods
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 November 2019
Book contents
- Remote Compositional Analysis
- Cambridge Planetary Science
- Remote Compositional Analysis
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Theory of Remote Compositional Analysis Techniques and Laboratory Measurements
- Part II Terrestrial Field and Airborne Applications
- Part III Analysis Methods
- 13 Effects of Environmental Conditions on Spectral Measurements
- 14 Hyper- and Multispectral Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Analysis
- 15 Thermal Infrared Spectral Modeling
- 16 Geochemical Interpretations Using Multiple Remote Datasets
- Part IV Applications to Planetary Surfaces
- Index
- References
Summary
An ever-increasing number of laboratory facilities are enabling in situ spectral reflectance measurements of materials under conditions relevant to all the bodies in the Solar System, from Mercury to Pluto and beyond. Results derived from these facilities demonstrate that exposure of different materials to various planetary surface conditions can provide insights into the endogenic and exogenic processes that operate to modify their surface spectra, and their relative importance. Temperature, surface atmospheric pressure, atmospheric composition, radiation environment, and exposure to the space environment have all been shown to measurably affect reflectance and emittance spectra of a wide range of materials. Planetary surfaces are dynamic environments, and as our ability to reproduce a wider range of planetary surface conditions improves, so will our ability to better determine the surface composition of these bodies, and by extension, their geologic history.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Remote Compositional AnalysisTechniques for Understanding Spectroscopy, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of Planetary Surfaces, pp. 289 - 306Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019
References
Adams, J.B. & McCord, T.B. (1971a) Alteration of lunar optical properties: Age and composition effects. Science, 171, 567–571.Google Scholar
Adams, J.B. & McCord, T.B. (1971b) Optical properties of mineral separates, glass, and anorthositic fragments from Apollo mare samples. Proceedings of the 2nd Lunar Sci. Conf., 2183–2195.Google Scholar
Basu, A. (1977) Steady state, exposure age, and growth of agglutinates in lunar soils. Proceedings of the 8th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., 3617–3632.Google Scholar
Bauch, K.E., Hiesinger, H., & Helbert, J. (2011) Insolation and resulting surface temperatures of study regions on Mercury. 42nd Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract #2257.Google Scholar
Beck, P., Quirico, E., Montes-Hernandez, G., et al. (2010) Hydrous mineralogy of CM and CI chondrites from infrared spectroscopy and their relationship with low albedo asteroids. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74, 4881–4892.Google Scholar
Beck, P., Schmitt, B., Cloutis, E.A., & Vernazza, P. (2015) Low-temperature reflectance spectra of brucite and the primitive surface of 1-Ceres? Icarus, 257, 471–476.Google Scholar
Bennett, C.J., Pirim, C., & Orlando, T.M. (2013) Space weathering of Solar System bodies: A laboratory perspective. Chemical Reviews, 113, 9086–9150.Google Scholar
Bishop, J.L. & Pieters, C.M. (1995) Low-temperature and low atmospheric pressure infrared reflectance spectroscopy of Mars soil analog materials. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 5369–5379.Google Scholar
Blewett, D.T., Lucey, P.G., Hawke, B.R., Ling, G.G., & Robinson, M.S. (1997) A comparison of Mercurian reflectance and spectral quantities with those of the Moon. Icarus, 129, 217–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blewett, D.T., Vaughan, W.M., Xiao, Z., et al. (2013) Mercury’s hollows: Constraints on formation and composition from analysis of geological setting and spectral reflectance. Journal of Geophysical Research, 118, 1013–1032.Google Scholar
Borin, P., Cremonese, G., Marzari, F., Bruno, M., & Marchi, S. (2009) Statistical analysis of micrometeoroids flux on Mercury. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 503, 259–264.Google Scholar
Bradley, J.P. (1994) Chemically anomalous, preaccretionally irradiated grains in interplanetary dust from comets. Science, 265, 925–929.Google Scholar
Bradley, J.P., Sandford, S.A., & Walker, R.M. (1988) Interplanetary dust particles. In: Meteorites and the early Solar System (Kerridge, J.F. & Matthews, M.S., eds.). University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 861–895.Google Scholar
Brownlee, D. (1985) Cosmic dust-collection and research. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 13, 147–173.Google Scholar
Brunetto, R. & Strazzulla, G. (2005) Elastic collisions in ion irradiation experiments: A mechanism for space weathering of silicates. Icarus, 179, 265–273.Google Scholar
Brunetto, R., Romano, F., Blanco, A., et al. (2006) Space weathering of silicates simulated by nanosecond pulse UV excimer laser. Icarus, 180, 546–554.Google Scholar
Burns, R.G. (1993) Mineralogical applications of crystal field theory, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Charette, M.P., Soderblom, L.A., Adams, J.B., Gaffey, M.J., & McCord, T.B. (1976) Age-color relationships in the lunar highlands. Proceedings of the 7th Lunar Sci. Conf., 2579–2592.Google Scholar
Christensen, P.R., Bandfield, J.L., Hamilton, V.E., et al. (2000) A thermal emission spectral library of rock-forming minerals. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 9735–9739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ciddor, P.E. (1996) Refractive index of air: New equations for the visible and near infrared. Applied Optics, 35, 1566–1573.Google Scholar
Cintala, M.J. (1992) Impact-induced thermal effects in the lunar and mercurian regoliths. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 947–973.Google Scholar
Clark, R.N. (1981) The spectral reflectance of water-mineral mixtures at low temperatures. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86, 3074–3086.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cloutis, E.A., Craig, M.A., Mustard, J.F., et al. (2007) Stability of hydrated minerals on Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L20202, DOI:10.1029/2007GL031267.Google Scholar
Cloutis, E.A., Craig, M.A., Kruzelecky, R.V., et al. (2008) Spectral reflectance properties of minerals exposed to simulated Mars surface conditions. Icarus, 195, 140–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, J.F., Johnson, R.E., Mauk, B.H., Garrett, H.B., & Gehrels, N. (2001) Energetic ion and electron irradiation of the icy Galilean satellites. Icarus, 149, 133–159.Google Scholar
Dalton, J.B. & Pitman, K.M. (2012) Low temperature optical constants of some hydrated sulfates relevant to planetary surfaces. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, E09001, DOI:10.1029/2011JE004036.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, J.B., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Kargel, J.S., Jamieson, C.S., Jolivet, J., & Quinn, R. (2005) Spectral comparison of heavily hydrated salts with disrupted terrains on Europa. Icarus, 177, 472–490.Google Scholar
De Angelis, S., Carli, C., Tosi, F., et al. (2017) Temperature-dependent VNIS spectroscopy of hydrated Mg-sulfates. Icarus, 281, 444–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Sanctis, M.C., Ammannito, E., Raponi, A., et al. (2015) Ammoniated phyllosilicates with a likely outer Solar System origin on (1) Ceres. Nature, 528, 241–244.Google Scholar
De Sanctis, M.C., Raponi, A., Ammannito, E., et al. (2016) Bright carbonate deposits as evidence of aqueous alteration on (1) Ceres. Nature, 536, 54–57.Google Scholar
Delbo, M., Mueller, M., Emery, J.P., et al. (2015) Asteroid thermophysical modeling. In: Asteroids IV (Michel, P., De Meo, F.E., & Bottke, W.F. Jr., eds.). University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 107–128.Google Scholar
Denevi, B.W. & Robinson, M.S. (2008) Mercury’s albedo from Mariner 10: Implication for the presence of ferrous iron. Icarus, 197, 239–246.Google Scholar
Denevi, B.W., Robinson, M.S., Boyd, A.K., Sato, H., Hapke, B.W., & Hawke, B. (2014) Characterization of space weathering from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera ultraviolet observations of the Moon. Journal of Geophysical Research, 119, 976–997.Google Scholar
Duke, M.B., Woo, C.C., Bird, M.L., Sellers, G.A., & Finkelman, R.B. (1970) Lunar soil: Size distribution and mineralogical constituents. Science, 167, 648–650.Google Scholar
Dukes, C.A., Baragiola, R.A., & McFadden, L.A. (1999) Surface modification of olivine by H+ and He+ bombardment. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104 (E1) 1865–1872.Google Scholar
Dybwad, J. (1971) Radiation effects on silicates (5‐keV H+, D+, He+, N2+). Journal of Geophysical Research, 76, 4023–4029.Google Scholar
Fama, M., Loeffler, M.J., Raut, U., & Baragiola, R.A. (2010) Radiation-induced amorphization of crystalline ice. Icarus, 207, 314–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrari, S., Nestola, F., Massironi, M., et al. (2014) In-situ high-temperature emissivity spectra and thermal expansion of C2/c pyroxenes: Implications for the surface of Mercury. American Mineralogist, 99, 786–792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fink, U. & Sill, G.T. (1982) The infrared spectral properties of frozen volatiles. In: Comets (Wilkening, L.L., ed.). University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 164–202.Google Scholar
Fischer, E.M. & Pieters, C.M. (1994) Remote determination of exposure degree and iron concentration of lunar soils using VIS-NIR spectroscopic methods. Icarus, 111, 475–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, E.M. & Pieters, C.M. (1996) Composition and exposure age of the Apollo 16 Cayley and Descartes regions from Clementine data: Normalizing the optical effects of space weathering. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 2225–2234.Google Scholar
Garenne, A., Beck, P., Montes-Hernandez, G., et al. (2014) The abundance and stability of “water” in type 1 and 2 carbonaceous chondrites (CI, CM and CR). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 137, 93–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garenne, A., Beck, P., Montes-Hernandez, G., et al. (2016) Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy of carbonaceous chondrites: Implications for water quantification and primary composition. Icarus, 264, 172–183.Google Scholar
Garrick-Bethell, I., Head, J.W., & Pieters, C.M. (2011) Spectral properties, magnetic fields, and dust transport at lunar swirls. Icarus, 212, 480–492.Google Scholar
Gillis-Davis, J.J., Lucey, P.G., Bradley, J.P., et al. (2017) Incremental laser space weathering of Allende reveals non-lunar like space weathering effects. Icarus, 286, 1–14.Google Scholar
Gosling, J.T. (2007) The solar wind. In: Encyclopedia of the Solar System (McFadden, L.A., Weissman, P.R., & Johnson, T.V., eds.). Academic Press, Amsterdam, 99–116.Google Scholar
Gundlach, B. & Blum, J. (2012) Outgassing of icy bodies in the Solar System – II: Heat transport in dry, porous surface dust layers. Icarus, 219, 618–629.Google Scholar
Hamilton, V.E. (2010) Thermal infrared (vibrational) spectroscopy of Mg–Fe olivines: A review and applications to determining the composition of planetary surfaces. Chemie der Erde, 70, 7–33.Google Scholar
Hapke, B. (2001) Space weathering from Mercury to the asteroid belt. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 10039–10073.Google Scholar
Hapke, B.W., Cassidy, W.A., & Wells, E.N. (1975) Effects of vapor-phase deposition processes on the optical, chemical, and magnetic properties of the lunar regolith. Moon, 13, 339–353.Google Scholar
Hapke, B.W., Wells, E., Wagner, J., & Partlow, W. (1981) Far-UV, visible, and near-IR reflectance spectra of frosts of H2O, CO2, NH3 and SO2. Icarus, 47, 361–367.Google Scholar
Helbert, J., Müller, N., Kostama, P., Marinangeli, L., Piccioni, G., & Drossart, P. (2008) Surface brightness variations seen by VIRTIS on Venus Express and implications for the evolution of the Lada Terra region, Venus. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L11201.Google Scholar
Helbert, J., Nestola, F., Ferrari, S., et al. (2013) Olivine thermal emissivity under extreme temperature ranges: Implication for Mercury surface. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 371–372, 252–257.Google Scholar
Hemingway, D.J., Garrick-Bethell, I., & Kreslavsky, M.A. (2015) Latitudinal variation in spectral properties of the lunar maria and implications for space weathering. Icarus, 261, 66–79.Google Scholar
Hendrix, A.R. & Vilas, F. (2006) The effects of space weathering at UV wavelengths: S-class asteroids. The Astronomical Journal, 132, 1396–1404.Google Scholar
Hendrix, A.R., Retherford, K.D., Gladstone, G.R., et al. (2012) The lunar far‐UV albedo: Indicator of hydration and weathering. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, E12001, DOI:10.1029/2012JE004252.Google Scholar
Hinrichs, J.L. & Lucey, P.G. (2002) Temperature-dependent near-infrared spectral properties of minerals, meteorites, and lunar soil. Icarus, 155, 169–180.Google Scholar
Hiroi, T. & Sasaki, S. (2001) Importance of space weathering simulation products in compositional modeling of asteroids: 349 Dembowska and 446 Aeternitas as examples. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 36, 1587–1596.Google Scholar
Hiroi, T., Zolensky, M.E., Pieters, C.M., & Lipschutz, M.E. (1996) Thermal metamorphism of the C, G, B, and F asteroids seen from the 0.7 μm, 3 μm, and UV absorption strengths in comparison with carbonaceous chondrites. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 31, 321–327.Google Scholar
Ip, W.H., Williams, D.J., McEntire, R.W., & Mauk, B.H. (1998) Ion sputtering and surface erosion at Europa. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 829–832.Google Scholar
Izawa, M.R.M., Applin, D.M., Mann, P., et al. (2013) Reflectance spectroscopy (200–2500 nm) of highly-reduced phases under oxygen- and water-free conditions. Icarus, 226, 1612–1617.Google Scholar
Kaluna, H.M., Ishii, H.A., Bradley, J.P., Gillis-Davis, J.J., & Lucey, P.G. (2017) Simulated space weathering of Fe- and Mg-rich aqueously altered minerals using pulsed laser irradiation. Icarus, 292, 245–258.Google Scholar
Keller, L.P. & McKay, D.S. (1993) Discovery of vapor deposits in the lunar regolith. Science, 261, 1305–1307.Google Scholar
Keller, L.P. & McKay, D.S. (1994) The nature of agglutinitic glass in the fine-size fraction of lunar soil 10084. 25th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract, 685–686.Google Scholar
Keller, L.P. & McKay, D.S. (1997), The nature and origin of rims on lunar soil grains, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 2331–2341.Google Scholar
Kieffer, H.H. (1969) A reflectance spectrometer/environmental chamber for frosts. Applied Optics, 8, 2497–2500.Google Scholar
Kohout, T., Cuda, J., Filip, J., et al. (2014) Space weathering simulations through controlled growth of iron nanoparticles on olivine. Icarus, 237, 75–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koike, C., Chihara, H., Tsuchiyama, A., Suto, H., Sogawa, H., & Okuda, H. (2003) Compositional dependence of infrared absorption spectra of crystalline silicate—II. Natural and synthetic olivines. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 399, 1101–1107.Google Scholar
Lantz, C., Brunetto, R., Barucci, M.A., et al. (2017) Ion irradiation of carbonaceous chondrites: A new view of space weathering on primitive asteroids. Icarus, 285, 43–57.Google Scholar
Lazzarin, M., Marchi, S., Moroz, L.V., et al. (2006) Space weathering in the main asteroid belt: The big picture. Astrophysical Journal, 647, L179–L182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loeffler, M., Baragiola, R., & Murayama, M. (2008) Laboratory simulations of redeposition of impact ejecta on mineral surfaces. Icarus, 196, 285–292.Google Scholar
Loeffler, M.J., Dukes, C.A., & Baragiola, R.A. (2009) Irradiation of olivine by 4 keV He+: Simulation of space weathering by the solar wind. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, E03003.Google Scholar
Loeffler, M.J., Dukes, C.A., Christoffersen, R., & Baragiola, R.A. (2016) Space weathering of silicates simulated by successive laser irradiation: In situ reflectance measurements of Fo90, Fo99+, and SiO2. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 51, 261–275.Google Scholar
Logan, L.M., Hunt, G.R., Salisbury, J.W., & Balsamo, S.R. (1973) Compositional implications of Christiansen frequency maximums for infrared remote sensing applications. Journal of Geophysical Research, 78, 4983–5003.Google Scholar
Lucey, P.G. & Noble, S K. (2008) Experimental test of a radiative transfer model of the optical effects of space weathering. Icarus, 197, 348–353.Google Scholar
Lucey, P.G. & Riner, M.A. (2011) The optical effects of small iron particles that darken but do not redden: Evidence of intense space weathering on Mercury. Icarus, 212, 451–462.Google Scholar
Lucey, P.G., Keil, K., & Whitely, R. (1998) The influence of temperature on the spectra of the A-asteroids and implications for their silicate chemistry. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 5865–5871.Google Scholar
Lucey, P.G., Blewett, D.T., Taylor, G.J., & Hawke, B.R. (2000) Imaging of lunar surface maturity. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 20,377–20,386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mastrapa, R.M.E. & Brown, R.H. (2006) Ion irradiation of crystalline H2O-ice: Effect on the 1.65 µm band. Icarus, 183, 207–214.Google Scholar
Matsuoka, M., Nakamura, T., Kimura, Y., et al. (2015) Pulse-laser irradiation experiments of Murchison CM2 chondrite for reproducing space weathering on C-type asteroids. Icarus, 254, 135–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maturilli, A., Helbert, J., St. John, J.M., et al. (2014a) Komatiites as Mercury surface analogues: Spectral measurements at PEL. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 398, 58–65.Google Scholar
Maturilli, A., Shiryaev, A.A., Kulakova, I.I., & Helbert, J. (2014b) Infrared reflectance and emissivity spectra of nanodiamonds. Spectroscopy Letters, 47, 446–450.Google Scholar
McKay, D., Fruland, R., & Heiken, G. (1974) Grain size and the evolution of lunar soils. Proceedings of the 5th Lunar Sci. Conf., 887–906.Google Scholar
McKay, D.S., Heiken, G., Basu, A., et al. (1991) The lunar regolith. In: Lunar sourcebook: A user’s guide to the Moon (Heiken, G.H., Vaniman, D.T., & French, B.M., eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 285–365.Google Scholar
Michalski, G., Böhlke, J.K., & Thiemens, M. (2004) Long term atmospheric deposition as the source of nitrate and other salts in the Atacama Desert, Chile: New evidence from mass-independent oxygen isotopic compositions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68, 4023–4038.Google Scholar
Moroz, L.V., Fisenko, A.V., Semjonova, L.F., Pieters, C.M., & Korotaeva, N.N. (1996) Optical effect of regolith processes on S-asteroids as simulated by laser shot on ordinary chondrites and other mafic materials. Icarus, 122, 366–382.Google Scholar
Moroz, L., Schade, U., & Wasch, R. (2000) Reflectance spectra of olivine-orthopyroxene-bearing assemblages at decreased temperatures: Implications for remote sensing of asteroids. Icarus, 147, 79–93.Google Scholar
Moroz, L.V., Starukhina, L.V., Rout, S.S., et al. (2014) Space weathering in silicate regoliths with various FeO contents: New insights from laser irradiation experiments and theoretical spectral simulations. Icarus, 235, 187–206.Google Scholar
Morris, R. (1980) Origins and size distribution of metallic iron particles in the lunar regolith. Proceedings of the 11th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., 1697–1712.Google Scholar
Murchie, S.L., Klima, R.L., Denevi, B.W., et al. (2015) Orbital multispectral mapping of Mercury with the MESSENGER Mercury Dual Imaging System: Evidence for the origins of plains units and low-reflectance material. Icarus, 254, 287–305.Google Scholar
Nash, D.B. (1967) Proton-irradiation darkening of rock powders – Contamination and temperature effects and applications to solar-wind darkening of Moon. Journal of Geophysical Research, 72, 3089–3104.Google Scholar
Nestola, F., Nimis, P., Ziberna, L., et al. (2011a) First crystal-structure determination of olivine in diamond: Composition and implications for provenance in the Earth’s mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 305, 249–255.Google Scholar
Nestola, F., Pasqual, D., Smyth, J.R., et al. (2011b) New accurate elastic parameters for the forsterite-fayalite solid solution. American Mineralogist, 96, 1742–1747.Google Scholar
Nesvorný, D., Jenniskens, P., Levison, H.F., Bottke, W.F., Vokrouhlický, D., & Gounelle, M. (2010) Cometary origin of the zodiacal cloud and carbonaceous micrometeorites: Implications for hot debris disks. The Astrophysical Journal, 713, 816–836.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nettles, J.W., Staid, M., Besse, S., et al. (2011) Optical maturity variation in lunar spectra as measured by Moon Mineralogy Mapper data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, E00G17, DOI:10.1029/2010JE003748.Google Scholar
Noble, S.K. & Pieters, C.M. (2003) Space weathering on Mercury: Implications for remote sensing. Solar System Research, 37, 34–39.Google Scholar
Noble, S.K., Pieters, C.M., & Keller, J. (2007) An experimental approach to understanding the optical effects of space weathering. Icarus, 192, 629–642.Google Scholar
Noble, S.K., Hiroi, T., Keller, L.P., Rahman, Z., Sasaki, S., & Pieters, C.M. (2011) Experimental space weathering of ordinary chondrites by nanopulse laser: TEM results. 42nd Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract #1382.Google Scholar
Noguchi, T., Nakamura, T., Kimura, M., et al. (2001) Incipient space weathering observed on the surface of Itokawa dust particles. Science, 333, 1121–1125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papike, J.J., Simon, S.B., White, C., & Laul, J.C. (1981) The relationship of the lunar regolith <10 μm fraction and agglutinates. Part I: A model for agglutinate formation and some indirect supportive evidence. Proceedings of the 12th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., 409–420.Google Scholar
Peterson, R.C., Nelson, W., Madu, B., & Shurvell, H.F. (2007) Meridianiite: A new mineral species observed on Earth and predicted to exist on Mars. American Mineralogist, 92, 1756–1759.Google Scholar
Pieters, C.M. & Noble, S.K. (2016) Space weathering on airless bodies. Journal of Geophysical Research, 121, 1865–1884.Google Scholar
Pieters, C.M., Fischer, E.M., Rode, O., & Basu, A. (1993) Optical effects of space weathering: The role of the finest fraction. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 20,817–20,824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pieters, C.M., Taylor, L.A., Noble, S.K., et al. (2000) Space weathering on airless bodies: Resolving a mystery with lunar samples. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 35, 1101–1107.Google Scholar
Pommerol, A., Schmitt, B., Beck, P., & Brissaud, O. (2009) Water sorption on martian regolith analogs: Thermodynamics and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Icarus, 204, 114–136.Google Scholar
Roush, T.L. & Singer, R.B. (1986) Gaussian analysis of temperature effects on the reflectance spectra of mafic minerals in the 1-µm region. Journal of Geophysical Research, 91, 10,301–10,308.Google Scholar
Roush, T.L. & Singer, R.B. (1987) Possible temperature variation effects on the interpretation of spatially resolved reflectance observations of asteroid surfaces. Icarus, 69, 571–574.Google Scholar
Roush, T.L., Pollack, J.B., Witteborn, F.C., & Bregman, J.D. (1990) Ice and minerals on Callisto: A reassessment of the reflectance spectra. Icarus, 86, 355–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sasaki, S., Nakamura, K., Hamabe, Y., Kurahashi, E., & Hiroi, T. (2001), Production of iron nanoparticles by laser irradiation in a simulation of lunar-like space weathering. Nature, 410, 555–557.Google Scholar
Sasaki, S., Kurahashi, E., Yamanaka, C., & Nakamura, K. (2003) Laboratory simulation of space weathering: Changes of optical properties and TEM/ESR confirmation of nanophase metallic iron. Advances in Space Research, 31, 2537–2542.Google Scholar
Schade, U. & Wasch, R. (1999) NIR reflectance spectroscopy of mafic minerals in the temperature range between 80 and 473 K. Advances in Space Research, 23, 1253–1256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shannon, R.D. (1976) Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallographica A, 32, 751–767.Google Scholar
Sherman, D.M. (1985) SCF-Xα-SW MO study of Fe-O and Fe-OH chemical bonds; applications to Mössbauer spectra and magnetochemistry of hydroxyl-bearing Fe3+ oxides and silicates. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 12, 311–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shestopalov, D.I. Golubeva, L.F., & Cloutis, E.A. (2013) Optical maturation of asteroid surfaces. Icarus, 225, 781–793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shkuratov, Y.G., Kaydash, V.G., & Opanasenko, N.V. (1999) Iron and titanium abundance and maturity degree distribution on the lunar nearside. Icarus, 137, 222–234.Google Scholar
Singer, R.B. & Roush, T.L. (1985) Effects of temperature on remotely sensed mineral absorption features. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 12,434–12,444.Google Scholar
Singh, S., Cornet, T. Chevrier, V.F., et al. (2016) Near-infrared spectra of liquid/solid acetylene under Titan relevant conditions and implications for Cassini/VIMS detections. Icarus, 270, 429–434.Google Scholar
Smith, P.H., Lemmon, M.T., Lorenz, R.D., Sromovsky, L.A., Caldwell, J.J. & Allison, M.D. (1996) Titan’s surface, revealed by HST imaging. Icarus, 119, 336–349.Google Scholar
Strom, R.G. & Sprague, A. (2003) Exploring Mercury: The iron planet. Springer-Verlag, London.Google Scholar
Takir, D., Emery, J.P., McSween, H.Y., et al. (2013) Nature and degree of aqueous alteration in CM and CI carbonaceous chondrites. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 48, 1618–1637.Google Scholar
Taylor, L.A., Pieters, C.M., Keller, L.P., Morris, R.V., & McKay, D.S. (2001) Lunar mare soils: Space weathering and the major effects of surface-correlated nanophase Fe. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 27,985–27,999.Google Scholar
Vaniman, D.T., Bish, D.L., Chipera, S.J., Fialips, C.I., Carey, J.W., & Feldman, W.C. (2004) Magnesium sulphate salts and the history of water on Mars. Nature, 431, 663–665.Google Scholar
Vasavada, A., Paige, D.A., & Wood, S.E. (1999) Near-surface temperatures on Mercury and the Moon and the stability of polar ice deposits. Icarus, 141, 179–193.Google Scholar
Vilas, F. & Hendrix, A.R. (2015) The UV/blue effects of space weathering manifested in S-complex asteroids. I. Quantifying change with asteroid age. The Astronomical Journal, 150, 64.Google Scholar
Vilas, F., Domingue, D., Helbert, J., et al. (2016) Mineralogical indicators of Mercury’s hollows composition in MESSENGER color observations. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 1450–1456.Google Scholar
Walker, R.J. & Papike, J.J. (1981) The relationship of the lunar regolith <10 μm fraction and agglutinates. Part II: Chemical composition of agglutinate glass as a test of the “fusion of the finest fraction” (F3) model. Proceedings of the 12th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., 421–432.Google Scholar
Wasiak, F.C., Luspay-Kuti, A., Welivitiya, W.D.D.P., et al. (2013) A facility for simulating Titan’s environment. Advances in Space Research, 51, 1213–1220.Google Scholar
Wilcox, B.B., Lucey, P.G., & Gillis, J.J. (2005) Mapping iron in the lunar mare: An improved approach. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E11001, DOI:10.1029/2005JE002512.Google Scholar
Wu, H.B., Chan, M.N., & Chan, C.K. (2007) FTIR characterization of polymorphic transformation of ammonium nitrate. Aerosol Science and Technology, 41, 581–588.Google Scholar
Yamada, M., Sasaki, S., Nagahara, H., et al. (1999) Simulation of space weathering of planet-forming materials: Nanosecond pulse laser irradiation and proton implantation on olivine and pyroxene samples. Earth, Planets and Space, 51, 1255–1265.Google Scholar