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8 - Convergence of Random Variables

from Part I - Elements of Probability Theory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 July 2022

Ery Arias-Castro
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego
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Summary

An empirical average will converge, in some sense, to the corresponding expectation. This famous result, called the Law of Large Numbers, can be anticipated based on the concentration inequalities introduced in the previous chapter, but some appropriate notions of convergence for random variables need to be defined in order to make a rigorous statement. Beyond mere convergence, the fluctuations of an empirical average around the associated expectation can be characterized by the Central Limit Theorem, and are known to be Gaussian in some asymptotic sense. The chapter also discusses the limit of extremes such as the maximum of a sample.

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Chapter
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Principles of Statistical Analysis
Learning from Randomized Experiments
, pp. 100 - 112
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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