Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T16:21:43.876Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Section 1 - General Aspects of Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2023

Masum Khwaja
Affiliation:
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London
Peter Tyrer
Affiliation:
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Prevention and Management of Violence
Guidance for Mental Healthcare Professionals
, pp. 1 - 74
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Knox, D. K. and Holloman, G. H. Jr. Use and avoidance of seclusion and restraint: Consensus Statement of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry Project BETA Seclusion and Restraint Workgroup. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 2012 13(1):3540. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2011.9.6867. PMID: 22461919; PMCID: PMC3298214.Google Scholar
Sequeira, H. and Halstead, S.Is it meant to hurt, is it?’ Management of violence in women with developmental disabilities. Violence Against Women 2001 7(4):462476. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778010122182550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, D. Figures reveal alarming rise in injuries at mental health units. The Guardian. 2018. https://bit.ly/2kYBkc8 [Accessed 24.4.2022].Google Scholar
Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire Strategic Health Authority. Independent Inquiry into the death of David (Rocky) Bennett. [online] 2003. http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Society/documents/2004/02/12/Bennett.pdf [Accessed 24.4.2022].Google Scholar
College of Policing. Detention and custody: Control, restraint and searches. [online] 2018. www.app.college.police.uk/app-content/detention-and-custody-2/control-restraint-and-searches/?highlight=restraint?s=+restraint [Accessed 24.4.2022].Google Scholar
BILD Association of Certified Training. Website [online] 2019. www.bild.org.uk/bild-act/ [Accessed 24.4.2022].Google Scholar
South Gloucestershire Safeguarding Adults Board. Winterbourne View Hospital: A serious case review. [online] 2012. www.basw.co.uk/system/files/resources/basw_85617-10_0.pdf [Accessed 24.4.2022].Google Scholar
NHS Protect, March 2015. Team Teach News: Is prone restraint banned? [online] 2016. www.teamteach.co.uk/is-prone-restraint-banned/ [Accessed 24.4.2022].Google Scholar
National Institute of Clinical Excellence. Violence and aggression: Short-term management in mental health, health and community settings. NICE guideline NG10 28 May 2015. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng10/resources/violence-and-aggression-shortterm-management-in-mental-health-health-and-community-settings-pdf-1837264712389 [Accessed 26.8.2021].Google Scholar
Welsh Assembly Government. Reducing restrictive practices framework. 20 January 2009. https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2021-07/reducing-restrictive-practices-framework.pdf.Google Scholar
Smallridge, P. and Williamson, A. Independent review of restraint in juvenile secure settings. London: HMSO. [online] 2008. www.positivehandling.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/restraint-review.pdf [Accessed 24.4.2022].Google Scholar
College of Policing. Memorandum of understanding: The police use of restraint in mental health & learning disability settings. [online] 2017. https://rcem.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Police_Use_of_Restraint_in_Mental_Health_and_LD_Settings.pdf [Accessed 24.4.2022].Google Scholar
Paterson, B. How corrupted cultures lead to abuse of restraint interventions. Learning Disability Practice 2011 14(7):2428.Google Scholar
Youth Justice Board for England and Wales. Research and analysis: Review of non-pain inducing techniques and systems of restraint. www.gov.uk/government/publications/review-of-non-pain-inducing-techniques-and-systems-of-restraint [Accessed 24.4.2022].Google Scholar
SWC Experts. Group guidance and approval-rating system for physical techniques. www.swcexperts.com [Accessed 24.4.2022].Google Scholar
Care Quality Commission. Brief guide: Restraint (physical and mechanical). [online] 2016. www.cqc.org.uk/sites/default/files/20180322_900803_briefguide-restraint_physical_mechanical_v1.pdf [Accessed 24.4.2022].Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Violent and aggressive behaviours in people with mental health problems. Quality Standard QS154. [online] 2017. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs154 [Accessed 24.4.2022].Google Scholar
Baker, P. Attending to debriefing as post-incident support of care staff in intellectual disability challenging behaviour services: An exploratory study. International Journal of Positive Behavioural Support 2017 7(1):3844.Google Scholar
Paterson, B., McKenna, K., and Bowie, V., A charter for trainers in the prevention and management of workplace violence in mental health settings. Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 2014 9(2):101–8.Google Scholar

References

European Court of Human Rights. Osman v. United Kingdom [2000] 29 ECHR 245 https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22dmdocnumber%22:[%22696134%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-58257%22]} [Accessed 25.4.2022].Google Scholar
Equality and Human Rights Commission. Human rights: Human lives. A guide to the Human Rights Act for public authorities. 2014. www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/publication-download/human-rights-human-lives-guide-human-rights-act-public-authorities [Accessed 25.4.2022].Google Scholar
European Court of Human Rights. Herczegfalvy v. Austria, 24 September 1992 (A/244) (1993) 15 EHRR 437 1993.Google Scholar
Office of the Public Guardian. Mental Capacity Act Code of Practice: Giving guidance for decisions made under the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Published 2013. Updated 2020. www.gov.uk/government/publications/mental-capacity-act-code-of-practice#history [Accessed 25.4.2022].Google Scholar
Gilburt, H. A tale of two Acts: The Mental Health Act, the Mental Capacity Act, and their interface. The Kings Fund 2021. www.kingsfund.org.uk/blog/2021/02/tale-two-acts-mental-health-act-and-mental-capacity-act [Accessed 25.4.2022].Google Scholar
Department of Health and Social Care. Statutory guidance. Code of Practice: Mental Health Act 1983. Published 15 January 2015. Updated 31 October 2017. www.gov.uk/government/publications/code-of-practice-mental-health-act-1983 [Accessed 25.4.2022].Google Scholar
Department of Health, NI. Mental Capacity Act (Northern Ireland) 2016 – Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards: Code of Practice, November 2019. www.health-ni.gov.uk/publications/mcani-2016-deprivation-liberty-safeguards-code-practice-november-2019 [Accessed 25.4.2022].Google Scholar
Pountney v. Griffiths; Regina v. Bracknell Justices, Ex parte Griffiths HL 1976 [1976] AC 314.Google Scholar
Moncrieff, J. and Smyth, M. Community treatment orders – a bridge too far? Psychiatric Bulletin 1999 23:644–6.Google Scholar
Steadman, H. J., Gounis, K., Dennis, D. et al. Assessing the New York City involuntary outpatient commitment pilot program. Psychiatric Services. 2001 52(3):330–6. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.52.3.330. PMID: 11239100.Google Scholar
Burns, T., Rugkåsa, J., Molodynski, A. et al. Community treatment orders for patients with psychosis (OCTET): A randomised controlled trial. The Lancet 2013 May 11;381(9878):1627–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60107-5. Epub 2013 Mar 26. PMID: 23537605.Google Scholar
Swartz, M. S., Swanson, J. W., Wagner, H. R. et al. Can involuntary outpatient commitment reduce hospital recidivism? Findings from a randomized trial with severely mentally ill individuals. American Journal of Psychiatry 1999 Dec;156(12):1968–75. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.156.12.1968. PMID: 10588412.Google Scholar
Kisely, S. and Hall, K. An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled evidence for the effectiveness of community treatment orders. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2014 Oct;59(10):561–4. https://doi.org/0.1177/070674371405901010. Erratum in: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2017 May;62(5):357. PMID: 25565690; PMCID: PMC4197791.Google Scholar
Barnett, P., Matthews, H., Lloyd-Evans, B. et al. Compulsory community treatment to reduce readmission to hospital and increase engagement with community care in people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2018 Dec;5(12):1013–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30382-1. Epub 2018 Nov 1. PMID: 30391280; PMCID: PMC6251967.Google Scholar
Burns, T., Yeeles, K., Koshiaris, C. et al. Effect of increased compulsion on readmission to hospital or disengagement from community services for patients with psychosis: Follow-up of a cohort from the OCTET trial. Lancet Psychiatry 2015 Oct;2(10):881–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00231-X. Epub 2015 Sep 8. PMID: 26362496.Google Scholar
Curtis, D. OCTET does not demonstrate a lack of effectiveness for community treatment orders. The Psychiatric Bulletin 2014;38(1):36–9.Google Scholar
Crawford, M. Homicide is impossible to predict. Psychiatric Bulletin 2000 24(4):152.Google Scholar
Szmukler, G. (2000) Homicide inquiries. What sense do they make? Psychiatric Bulletin 2000 24:610.Google Scholar
University of Manchester. Five year report of the national confidential inquiry into suicide and homicide by people with mental illness. https://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=37602 [Accessed 25.4.2022].Google Scholar
Mustafa, F. A. Notes on the use of randomised controlled trials to evaluate complex interventions: Community treatment orders as an illustrative case. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 2017; 23:185–92.Google Scholar
Segal, S. P. Assessment of outpatient commitment in randomised trials. Lancet Psychiatry 2017; 4:e2628.Google Scholar
Mustafa, F. A. Naturalistic studies evaluating ‘real world’ OPC patients are welcome. BJPsych Bulletin 2015; 39:101.Google Scholar
Mustafa, F. Compulsory community treatment: beyond randomised controlled trials. Lancet Psychiatry 2018; 5. 10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30420-6.Google Scholar
HM Government. Modernising the Mental Health Act: Increasing choice, reducing compulsion. Final report of the Independent Review of the Mental Health Act 1983, (December 2018) [online pdf]. www.gov.uk/government/publications/modernising-the-mental-health-act-final-report-from-the-independent-review [Accessed 25.4.2022]Google Scholar
Zigmond, T. Changing mental health legislation in the UK. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2008 14:81–3.Google Scholar
UK Parliament. Justice Committee launches inquiry into IPP sentences. 2021 [online]. https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/102/justice-committee/news/157647/justice-committee-launches-inquiry-into-ipp-sentences/ [Accessed 22.4.2022].Google Scholar
NI Direct Government Services. Indeterminate custodial sentence. [online] www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/indeterminate-custodial-sentence [Accessed 22.4.2022].Google Scholar

References

TNS BMRB. Attitudes to mental illness 2014 research report [online]. London: Time to Change. Apr. 2015. www.bl.uk/collection-items/attitudes-to-mental-illness-2014-research-report#Google Scholar
Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Jones, L. et al. Prevalence and risk of violence against adults with disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. The Lancet 2012 Apr 28;379(9826):1621–9.Google Scholar
Khalifeh, H., Oram, S., Trevillion, K., Johnson, S., and Howard, L. M. Recent intimate partner violence among people with chronic mental illness: Findings from a national cross-sectional survey. British Journal of Psychiatry 2015 Sep;207(3):207–12.Google Scholar
Khalifeh, H., Johnson, S., Howard, L. M. et al. Violent and non-violent crime against adults with severe mental illness. British Journal of Psychiatry 2015 Apr;206(4):275–82.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Global plan of action to strengthen the role of the health system within a national multisectoral response to address interpersonal violence, in particular against women and girls, and against children. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2016.Google Scholar
HM Government. Working together to safeguard children: A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children [online]. London: HM Government, Jul. 2018. www.gov.uk/government/publications/working-together-to-safeguard-children–2.Google Scholar
Department of Health. No secrets: Guidance on developing and implementing multi-agency policies and procedures to protect vulnerable adults from abuse. London: Department of Health, 2000.Google Scholar
HM Government. Care and support statutory guidance [online]. 28 May 2021. www.gov.uk/government/publications/care-act-statutory-guidance/care-and-support-statutory-guidance.Google Scholar
Johnson, K. and Boland, B. Adult safeguarding under the Care Act 2014. BJPsych Bulletin 2019 Feb;43(1):3842.Google Scholar
Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, Department of Justice. Adult safeguarding: Prevention and protection in partnership. Belfast: Northern Ireland Executive, 2015.Google Scholar
The Scottish Government. Adult Support and Protection (Scotland) Act 2007 Code of Practice. Edinburgh: The Scottish Government, 2014.Google Scholar
Welsh Government. Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014: Working together to safeguard people volume 1 – introduction and overview [online]. Cardiff: Welsh Government, 2018. https://gov.wales/safeguarding-guidance.Google Scholar
General Medical Council. Protecting children and young people: The responsibilities of all doctors. London: General Medical Council, Jul. 2012.Google Scholar
Health and Care Professions Council. Standards of conduct, performance and ethics [online]. London: Health and Care Professions Council, 2016. www.hcpc-uk.org/standards/standards-of-conduct-performance-and-ethics/.Google Scholar
Nursing and Midwifery Council. The code: Professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses, midwives and nursing associates [online]. London: Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2015. www.nmc.org.uk/standards/code/Google Scholar
Royal College of Psychiatrists. Good Psychiatric Practice Code of Ethics. London: The Royal College of Psychiatrists; 2014 Mar. Report No.: CR186.Google Scholar
British Medical Association. Adult safeguarding: A toolkit. London: British Medical Association, 2018.Google Scholar
NHS England North. Safeguarding adults: A guide for health care staff [online]. London: NHS England, 2017 [accessed 19 Sept. 2021]. www.england.nhs.uk/publication/safeguarding-adults-a-guide-for-health-care-staff/Google Scholar
Care Quality Commission. Sexual safety on mental health wards [online]. London: Care Quality Commission, 2018. www.cqc.org.uk/publications/major-report/sexual-safety-mental-health-wardsGoogle Scholar
Hughes, E., Lucock, M., and Brooker, C. Sexual violence and mental health services: A call to action. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 2019 Mar 11;28(6):594–7.Google Scholar
Kaplan, S., Busner, J., Chibnall, J., and Kang, G. Consumer satisfaction at a child and adolescent state psychiatric hospital. Psychiatric Services 2001 Feb 1;52(2):202–6.Google Scholar
Martin, H. Jailed nurse who raped patient with depression and PTSD is struck off [online]. Mail Online. 2019. www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7730999/Jailed-mental-health-nurse-raped-patient-depression-PTSD-struck-off.htmlGoogle Scholar
BBC News. Muckamore Abbey Hospital: Timeline of hospital abuse allegations. [online]. 23 Jan 2020. www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-49498971Google Scholar
Murphy, G. CQC inspections and regulation of Whorlton Hall: Second independent report. London: Care Quality Commission, 2020.Google Scholar
Care Quality Commission. Cygnet Yew Trees Quality Report [online]. London: Care Quality Commission, Sept. 2020, p. 13. www.cqc.org.uk/location/1-519903751/reportsGoogle Scholar
Thomas, R. Revealed: Hundreds of sexual assaults each year on mixed-gender wards. Health Service Journal [online]. 2020 Jan; www.hsj.co.uk/patient-safety/revealed-hundreds-of-sexual-assaults-each-year-on-mixed-gender-wards/7026629.articleGoogle Scholar
Carter, P. Nurses as abusers: A career perspective. In Subotsky, F., Bewley, S. and Crowe, M. (eds.) Abuse of the Doctor–Patient Relationship. Cambridge: RCPsych Publications; 2010, pp. 127–37.Google Scholar
McKenna, A. and Hussain, T. An independent investigation into the conduct of David Britten at the Peter Dally clinic. London: Verita, 2008.Google Scholar
Zammit, J., Brown, S., Mooney, J. L., and King, S. Child sexual abuse in healthcare contexts [online]. London: Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, Nov. 2020. Report No.: 978–1–5286–3088–7. www.iicsa.org.uk/reports-recommendations/publications/research/csa-healthcare-contextsGoogle Scholar
Crichton, P., Carel, H., and Kidd, I. J. Epistemic injustice in psychiatry. BJPsych Bulletin 2017 Apr;41(2):6570.Google Scholar
Sullivan, P. Epistemic injustice and self-injury: A concept with clinical implications. Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 2019 Dec;26(4):349–62.Google Scholar
Wager, N. M. An experimental investigation of the perceived credibility of complainants of sexual revictimization: Disbelief and victim-blame. Violence and Victims 2019 Dec 1;34(6):9921010.Google Scholar
Levy, A. and Kahan, B. J. The Pindown Experience and the Protection of Children: The Report of the Staffordshire Child Care Inquiry 1990. Stafford: Staffordshire County Council, 1991.Google Scholar
Strang, D. Trust and respect: Final report of the Independent Inquiry into Mental Health Services in Tayside. Dundee, 2020. https://independentinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Final-Report-of-the-Independent-Inquiry-into-Mental-Health-Services-in-Tayside.pdf.Google Scholar
Gil, E. Institutional abuse of children in out-of-home care. Child & Youth Services 1982 Mar 10;4(1–2):713.Google Scholar
Penhale, B. Introduction. In Manthorpe, J., Penhale, B., and Stanley, N. (eds.) Institutional Abuse: Perspectives Across the Life Course. London: Routledge; 1999, pp. 115.Google Scholar
Thomson, A. B. Testimonial and hermeneutical injustices in adult protection and patient safety: practical lessons for psychiatrists. In Philosophy Special Interest Group Biennial Conference. Online: Royal College of Psychiatrists; 2021. www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/events/faculties-and-sigs/philosophy-sig/2021/calc–-philsig-programme-final–-sep-21.pdf?sfvrsn=fa0b2e56_6.Google Scholar
Gask, L. and Thomson, A.B. Suicide prevention in clinical practice. In Khan, M., Poole, R., and Robinson, C. (eds.) Preventing Suicide: An Evidence Based Approach. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; in press.Google Scholar
Watts, D. and Morgan, G. Malignant alienation: Dangers for patients who are hard to like. British Journal of Psychiatry 1994 Jan;164(1):1115.Google Scholar
Morgan, H. G. and Priest, P. Suicide and other unexpected deaths among psychiatric in-patients: The Bristol Confidential Inquiry. British Journal of Psychiatry 1991 Mar;158(3):368–74.Google Scholar
Palombini, E., Richardson, J., McAllister, E., Veale, D., and Thomson, A. B. When self-harm is about preventing harm: Emergency management of obsessive–compulsive disorder and associated self-harm. BJPsych Bulletin 2021 Apr;45(2):109–14.Google Scholar
Thomson, A. B., McAllister, E., and Veale, D. Frequent attendance with self-harm: What might you be missing? Emergency Medicine Journal 2020 Jun 1;37(6):331–44.Google Scholar
Clement, S., Brohan, E., Sayce, L., Pool, J., and Thornicroft, G. Disability hate crime and targeted violence and hostility: A mental health and discrimination perspective. Journal of Mental Health 2011 Jun 1;20(3):219–25.Google Scholar
Carr, S., Holley, J., Hafford-Letchfield, T. et al. Mental health service user experiences of targeted violence and hostility and help-seeking in the UK: A scoping review. Global Mental Health [online]. 11 Dec 2017;4. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5733370/ [Accessed 6.2.2021].Google Scholar
Association for Real Change. Mate crime: A challenge for the police, safeguarding and criminal justice agencies [online]. Chesterfield: Association for Real Change, 2013. (Real Change Challenges). https://arcuk.org.uk/realchangechallenges/real-change-challenge-mate-crime/Google Scholar
The Centre for Social Justice, Justice & Care. Cuckooing: The case for strengthening the law against slavery in the home [online]. London: The Centre for Social Justice and Justice & Care, Nov. 2021. www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/library/cuckooing-the-case-for-strengthening-the-law-against-slavery-in-the-home. [Accessed 10.5.2022].Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics. Domestic abuse victim characteristics, England and Wales: Year ending March 2020 [online]. London: Office for National Statistics, Nov. 2020. www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/domesticabusevictimcharacteristicsenglandandwales/yearendingmarch2020. [Accessed 20.9.2022].Google Scholar
SafeLives. Getting it right first time [online]. Bristol: SafeLives, 2015. https://safelives.org.uk/policy-evidence/getting-it-right-first-timeGoogle Scholar
Walby, S. and Allen, J. Domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking: Findings from the British Crime Survey. London: Home Office; 2004. Report No.: 276.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018: Global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021.Google Scholar
Magić, J. and Kelley, P. Recognise and respond: Strengthening advocacy for LGBT+ survivors of domestic abuse. London: Galop, the LGBT+ anti-violence charity, Oct.2019.Google Scholar
Scottish Transgender Alliance, LGBT Youth Scotland. Out of sight, out of mind? Transgender people’s experiences of domestic abuse (report). LGBT Youth Scotland, 2010. www.scottishtrans.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/trans_domestic_abuse.pdf.Google Scholar
Thiara, R. K. and Roy, S. Vital statistics: The experiences of Black, Asian, Minority Ethnic & Refugee women and children facing violence and abuse [online]. London: Imkaan; 2010. www.imkaan.org.uk/resourcesGoogle Scholar
Penny, G. Supporting B&ME victims – what the data shows [online]. Safelives. 2015. https://safelives.org.uk/practice_blog/supporting-bme-victims-%E2%80%93-what-data-shows [Accessed 20.9.2021].Google Scholar
Baillot, H. and Connelly, E. Women seeking asylum: Safe from violence in the UK? [online]. London: Asylum Support Appeals Project, June 2018. www.asaproject.org/resources/reports [Accessed 20.9.2021].Google Scholar
Thiara, R. K. and Roy, S. Vital statistics 2: Key findings report on Black, minority ethnic and refugee women’s and children’s experiences of gender-based violence [online]. London: Imkaan, 2012. www.imkaan.org.uk/resources [Accessed 20.9.2021].Google Scholar
Trevillion, K., Oram, S., Feder, G., and Howard, L. M. Experiences of domestic violence and mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS One. 2012 Dec 26;7(12):e51740.Google Scholar
Khalifeh, H., Moran, P., Borschmann, R. et al. Domestic and sexual violence against patients with severe mental illness. Psychological Medicine 2015 Mar;45(4):875–86.Google Scholar
Bacchus, L. J., Ranganathan, M., Watts, C. and Devries, K. Recent intimate partner violence against women and health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ Open 2018 Jul 1;8(7):e019995.Google Scholar
Chandan, J. S., Thomas, T., Bradbury-Jones, C. et al. Female survivors of intimate partner violence and risk of depression, anxiety and serious mental illness. British Journal of Psychiatry 2020 Oct;217(4):562–7.Google Scholar
Stubbs, A. and Szoeke, C. The effect of intimate partner violence on the physical health and health-related behaviors of women: A systematic review of the literature. Trauma Violence Abuse 2021 Feb 5;1524838020985541.Google Scholar
Anderson, F., Howard, L., Dean, K., Moran, P., and Khalifeh, H. Childhood maltreatment and adulthood domestic and sexual violence victimisation among people with severe mental illness. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2016;51:961–70.Google Scholar
Yu, R., Nevado-Holgado, A. J., Molero, Y. et al. Mental disorders and intimate partner violence perpetrated by men towards women: A Swedish population-based longitudinal study. PLOS Med. 2019 Dec 17;16(12):e1002995.Google Scholar
Refuge. COVID: Refuge’s National Domestic Abuse Helpline service review 2020/21 [online]. London: Refuge; 2021 Mar. www.refuge.org.uk/a-year-of-lockdown/ [Accessed 20.9.2021].Google Scholar
IRISi. Guidance for general practice teams – responding to domestic abuse during telephone and video consultations. [online]. Bristol: IRISi; 2020. https://irisi.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/IRISi-COVID-19-Doc-and-info-sheets-11.pdf [Accessed 4.8.2021].Google Scholar
Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre. Domestic violence and abuse: How to prevent, assess and manage the risk of domestic violence and abuse in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Oxford: University of Oxford, 2020. https://oxfordhealthbrc.nihr.ac.uk/our-work/oxppl/domestic-violence-and-abuse/.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics. Sexual offending: Victimisation and the path through the criminal justice system [online]. London: Office for National Statistics; 2018. www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/sexualoffendingvictimisationandthepaththroughthecriminaljusticesystem/2018-12-13Google Scholar
White, C., Martin, G., Schofield, A. M., and Majeed-Ariss, R.I thought he was going to kill me’: Analysis of 204 case files of adults reporting non-fatal strangulation as part of a sexual assault over a 3 year period. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 2021 Feb 16;79:102128.Google Scholar
Bichard, H., Byrne, C., Saville, C. W. N, and Coetzer, R. The neuropsychological outcomes of non-fatal strangulation in domestic and sexual violence: A systematic review. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2021 Jan 12;129.Google Scholar
Spencer, C. M. and Stith, S. M. Risk factors for male perpetration and female victimization of intimate partner homicide: A meta-analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2020 Jul;21(3):527–40.Google Scholar
HM Government. Policy paper: Strangulation and suffocation [online]. www.gov.uk/government/publications/domestic-abuse-bill-2020-factsheets/strangulation-and-suffocation [Accessed 20.9.2021].Google Scholar
Melville-Wiseman, J. Professional sexual abuse in mental health services: Capturing practitioner views of a contemporary corruption of care. Social Work and Social Sciences Review 2011;15(3):2643.Google Scholar
Dreßing, H., Gass, P., Schultz, K., and Kuehner, C. The prevalence and effects of stalking. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 2020 May;117(20):347–53.Google Scholar
de Mooij, L. D., Kikkert, M., Lommerse, N. M. et al. Victimisation in adults with severe mental illness: Prevalence and risk factors. British Journal of Psychiatry 2015 Dec;207(6):515–22.Google Scholar
Care Quality Commission. Out of sight – who cares? A review of restraint, seclusion and segregation for autistic people, and people with a learning disability and/or mental health condition [online]. London: Care Quality Commission; 2020 Oct. www.cqc.org.uk/publications/themed-work/rssreviewGoogle Scholar
Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland. Rights, risks and limits to freedom [online]. Edinburgh: Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland; 2021 Mar. www.mwcscot.org.uk/sites/default/files/2021-03/RightsRisksAndLimitsToFreedom_March2021.pdf.Google Scholar
DrEm_79. Commentary: ‘I’ve lost count of the times my door has been broken by the police’. BMJ [online]. 2017 Mar 15;356. www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.j1165 [Accessed 11.2.2020].Google Scholar
Hallett, N., Duxbury, J., McKee, T. et al. Taser use on individuals experiencing mental distress: An integrative literature review. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2021 Feb;28(1):5671.Google Scholar
J O’Brien, A., Thom, K., Gordon, S. et al. The nature of police shootings in New Zealand: A comparison of mental health and non-mental health events. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 2021 Feb;74:101648.Google Scholar
Thomson, A. B., Eales, S., McAllister, E., and Molodynski, A. Criminal sanctions for suicidality in the 21st Century UK. British Journal of Psychiatry 2022;221(5):653654.Google Scholar
Eales, S., Molodynski, A., McAllister, E., and Thomson, A. B. Responsibility, judgement and ethics: Suicide and criminal justice [online]. Royal College of Psychiatrists International Congress; 2022 Jun; Edinburgh. www.rcpsych.ac.uk/events/congressGoogle Scholar
Public Health England. The mental health needs of gang-affiliated young people [online]. London: Public Health England; 2015. www.gov.uk/government/publications/mental-health-needs-of-gang-affiliated-young-peopleGoogle Scholar
Goodall, C., Jameson, J., and Lowe, D. J. Navigator: A tale of two cities [online]. Glasgow: SC Violence Reduction Unit; 2020. www.svru.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Navigator-12-month-report-2_0.pdfGoogle Scholar
Stubbs, J. and Durcottishan, G. Unlocking a different future: An independent evaluation of Project Future [online]. London: Centre for Mental Health; 2017. www.centreformentalhealth.org.uk/publications/unlocking-different-futureGoogle Scholar
Royal College of Psychiatrists. Ethical considerations arising from the government’s counterterrorism strategy [online]. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists; 2017. Report No.: PS04/16S. www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/improving-care/better-mh-policy/position-statements/ps04_16s.pdf?sfvrsn=f00cad70_4.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics. Child abuse extent and nature, England and Wales [online]. London: Office for National Statistics; 2020 Jan. www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/childabuseextentandnatureenglandandwales/yearendingmarch2019.Google Scholar
Radford, L., Corral, S., Bradley, C. et al. Child abuse and neglect in the UK today [online]. London: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children; 2011. https://learning.nspcc.org.uk/research-resources/pre-2013/child-abuse-neglect-uk-today.Google Scholar
Klein, E., Helzner, E., Shayowitz, M., Kohlhoff, S., and Smith-Norowitz, T. A. Female genital mutilation: Health consequences and complications – A short literature review. Obstet Gynecol Int [online]. 10 Jul.; 2018. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6079349/.Google Scholar
Department for Education. Characteristics of children in need, reporting year 2020 [online]. https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/find-statistics/characteristics-of-children-in-need/2020.Google Scholar
National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Statistics briefing: Child deaths due to abuse or neglect [online]. London: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, Sep. 2020. https://learning.nspcc.org.uk/research-resources/statistics-briefings/child-deaths-abuse-neglect.Google Scholar
Cleaver, H., Unell, I. and Aldgate, J. Children’s Needs – Parenting Capacity. Child Abuse: Parental Mental Illness, Learning Disability, Substance Misuse, and Domestic Violence. 2nd ed. London: The Stationery Office; 2011.Google Scholar
Onyskiw, J. E. Domestic violence and children’s adjustment: A review of research. Journal of Emotional Abuse 2003;3(1–2):1145.Google Scholar
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D. et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1998 May 1;14(4):245–58.Google Scholar
Welsh Government. Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014: Working together to safeguard people volume 5 – handling individual cases to protect children at risk [online]. Cardiff: Welsh Government; 2018. https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2019-05/working-together-to-safeguard-people-volume-5-handling-individual-cases-to-protect-children-at-risk.pdf.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. INSPIRE: Seven Strategies to End Violence Against Children. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2016.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. RESPECT Women: Preventing Violence Against Women. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2019. Report No.: WHO/RHR/18.19.Google Scholar
Crown Prosecution Service. Key facts about how the CPS prosecutes allegations of rape [online]. 2020. www.cps.gov.uk/publication/key-facts-about-how-CPS-prosecutes-allegations-rape [Accessed 15.3.2021].Google Scholar
Faulkner, A. and Sweeney, A. Prevention in Adult Safeguarding: A Review of the Literature. London: Social Care Institute for Excellence, 2011.Google Scholar
Hawkins, S. and Laxton, C. Women’s Access to Justice: From Reporting to Sentencing. London: All-Party Parliamentary Group on Domestic and Sexual Violence, 2015.Google Scholar
Molodynski, A., Puntis, S., Mcallister, E., Wheeler, H. and Cooper, K. Supporting people in mental health crisis in 21st-century Britain. BJPsych Bulletin 2020 Dec;44(6):231–2.Google Scholar
Shah, A., Ayers, T., Cannon, E. et al. The mental health safety improvement programme: a national quality improvement collaborative to reduce restrictive practice in England. British Journal of Healthcare Management 2022 May 2;28(5):128–37. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2021.0159.Google Scholar
Trainer, M. Mental health joint response car pilot – evaluation report [online]. London: NHS England and NHS Improvement, Aug. 2020. https://aace.org.uk/initiatives/mental-health-joint-response-car/Google Scholar
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. Sexual Safety Collaborative: Standards and Guidance to Improve Sexual Safety on Mental Health and Learning Disabilities Inpatient Pathways. London: National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2020.Google Scholar
Royal College of Psychiatrists. Exploring mental health inpatient capacity: response from the Royal College of Psychiatrists [online]. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists; 2019. www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/improving-care/better-mh-policy/policy/exploring-mental-health-inpatient-capacity-report–-rcpsych-response-final-(002).pdf?sfvrsn=12df7d14_2 [Accessed 20.9.2021].Google Scholar
Stone, J. Regulation and its capacity to minimise abuse by professionals. In Subotsky, F., Bewley, S., and Crowe, M. (eds.) Abuse of the Doctor-Patient Relationship. Cambridge: RCPsych Publications; 2010, pp. 177–89.Google Scholar
Wyatt, S., Aldridge, S., Callaghan, D., Dyke, A. and Moulin, L. Exploring mental health inpatient capacity across sustainability and transformation partnerships in England [online]. Birmingham: NHS Midlands and Lancashire Commissioning Support Unit; 2019. www.strategyunitwm.nhs.uk/publications/exploring-mental-health-inpatient-capacity [Accessed 25.9.2021].Google Scholar
Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland. Advice notes: Hidden surveillance. Edinburgh: Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland, Dec. 2015.Google Scholar
SafeLives. ‘We only do bones here’. Why London needs a whole-health approach to domestic abuse. Bristol: SafeLives, Mar 2021.Google Scholar
Home Office. Multi-agency working and information sharing project: Final report [online]. London: Home Office, 2014. www.gov.uk/government/publications/multi-agency-working-and-information-sharing-project [Accessed 20.9.2021].Google Scholar
Carr, S., Hafford‐Letchfield, T., Faulkner, A. et al. ‘Keeping Control’: A user-led exploratory study of mental health service user experiences of targeted violence and abuse in the context of adult safeguarding in England. Health and Social Care in the Community 2019;27(5):e781–92.Google Scholar
Herman, J. L. Trauma and Recovery. New York: BasicBooks, 2015.Google Scholar
Independent Office for Police Conduct. Police contact with a man and a woman before he murdered her – Sussex Police, August 2016, Independent Office for Police Conduct [online]. Sale: Independent Office for Police Conduct; 2019 Aug. Report No.: 2016/071948. www.policeconduct.gov.uk/recommendations/police-contact-man-and-woman-he-murdered-her-sussex-police-august-2016 [Accessed 9.2.2021].Google Scholar
Calcia, M. A., Bedi, S., Howard, L. M., Lempp, H. and Oram, S. Healthcare experiences of perpetrators of domestic violence and abuse: A systematic review and meta-synthesis. BMJ Open. 2021 May;11(5):e043183.Google Scholar
Rose, D., Trevillion, K., Woodall, A. et al. Barriers and facilitators of disclosures of domestic violence by mental health service users: Qualitative study. British Journal of Psychiatry 2011 Mar;198(3):189–94.Google Scholar
Trevillion, K., Howard, L. M., Morgan, C. et al. The response of mental health services to domestic violence: A qualitative study of service users’ and professionals’ experiences. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 2012 Nov;18(6):326–36.Google Scholar
Richardson, J., Coid, J., Petruckevitch, A. et al. Identifying domestic violence: Cross sectional study in primary care. BMJ 2002 Feb 2;324(7332):274.Google Scholar
Howard, L. M., Trevillion, K., Khalifeh, H. et al. Domestic violence and severe psychiatric disorders: Prevalence and interventions. Psychological Medicine 2010 Jun;40(6):881–93.Google Scholar
Howard, L. M., Trevillion, K. and Agnew-Davies, R. Domestic violence and mental health. International Review of Psychiatry 2010;22(5):525–34.Google Scholar
Fiennes, S., Ingram, R., Quigley, L., Pell, J. and Robinson, J. Safeguarding Adults: A National Framework of Standards for Good Practice and Outcomes in Adult Protection Work. London: Association of Directors of Adult Social Services, 2005.Google Scholar
Howard, L. M. Routine enquiry about violence and abuse is needed for all mental health patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 2017 Apr;210(4):298.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Domestic violence and abuse: Multi-agency working. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2014 Feb. Report No.: PH50.Google Scholar
Equality and Human Rights Commission. Survival, recovery and justice: specialist services for survivors of domestic abuse. London: Equality and Human Rights Commission, Nov. 2020.Google Scholar
SafeLives. Free to be safe: LGBT+ people experiencing domestic abuse. Bristol: SafeLives, Sep. 2018.Google Scholar
Francis, R. Freedom to speak up: An independent review into creating an open and honest reporting culture in the NHS [online]. London, Feb. 2015. http://freedomtospeakup.org.uk/the-report/Google Scholar
NHS England. Freedom to speak up: Raising concerns (whistleblowing) policy for the NHS [online]. London: NHS England; 2016. http://freedomtospeakup.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/F2SU_web.pdf.Google Scholar
Saunders, C. L. The truth, the half-truth, and nothing like the truth: Reconceptualizing false allegations of rape. British Journal of Criminology 2012 Nov 1;52(6):1152–71.Google Scholar
Public Health Scotland. Gender-based violence and learning disability: guidance for practitioners. Edinburgh and Glasgow: Public Health Scotland, 2019.Google Scholar
Yakubovich, A. R., Stöckl, H., Murray, J. et al. Risk and protective factors for intimate partner violence against women: Systematic review and meta-analyses of prospective–longitudinal studies. American Journal of Public Health 2018 Jul;108(7):e111.Google Scholar
Boland, B., Burnage, J. and Chowhan, H. Safeguarding adults at risk of harm. BMJ 2013 May 14;346:f2716.Google Scholar
Henning, K., Jones, A. R. and Holdford, R.I didn’t do it, but if I did I had a good reason’: Minimization, denial, and attributions of blame among male and female domestic violence offenders. Journal of Family Violence 2005 Jun 1;20(3):131–9.Google Scholar
Kamavarapu, Y. S., Ferriter, M., Morton, S. and Völlm, B. Institutional abuse – Characteristics of victims, perpetrators and organsations: A systematic review. European Psychiatry 2017 Feb 1;40:4554.Google Scholar
Anonymous. What it feels like to be compulsorily detained for treatment. BMJ 2017 Aug 16;358:j3546.Google Scholar
DrEm_79. Self harm and the emergency department. BMJ 2016 Apr 13;353:i1150.Google Scholar
Manthorpe, J., Penhale, B. and Stanley, N. (eds.) Institutional Abuse: Perspectives Across the Life Course. London: Routledge, 1999.Google Scholar
Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland. A recipe for abuse? Findings and recommendations from our investigation into the care and treatment of residents of a Supported Landlord Scheme. Edinburgh: Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland, Nov. 2009.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Caring for Women Subjected to Violence: A WHO Curriculum for Training Health-Care Providers. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.Google Scholar
Feder, G., Davies, R. A., Baird, K. et al. Identification and referral to improve safety (IRIS) of women experiencing domestic violence with a primary care training and support programme: A cluster randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2011 Nov;378(9805):1788–95.Google Scholar
Trevillion, K., Byford, S., Cary, M. et al. Linking abuse and recovery through advocacy: an observational study. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 2013 Apr 30;23(1):99113.Google Scholar
Yapp, E. J., Oram, S., Lempp, H. K. et al. LARA-VP: A resource to help mental health professionals identify and respond to Domestic Violence and Abuse (DVA) [online]. London: King’s College London; 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/laravp-a-resource-to-help-mental-health-professionals-identify-and-respond-to-domestic-violence-and-abuse-dva(f552c9e9-762e-4475-96b6-896632a4d06a).html [Accessed 20.9.2021].Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Domestic violence and abuse [online]. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2016. (Quality standards). Report No.: QS116. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs116 [Accessed 20.9.2021].Google Scholar
National MAPPA Team. Multi-agency public protection arrangements (MAPPA): Guidance [online]. London: HM Prison and Probation Service, 2021. www.gov.uk/government/publications/multi-agency-public-protection-arrangements-mappa-guidance [Accessed 20.9.2021].Google Scholar
Home Office. Domestic violence disclosure scheme: Guidance [online]. London: Home Office, 2016. www.gov.uk/government/publications/domestic-violence-disclosure-scheme-pilot-guidance [Accessed 20.9.2021].Google Scholar
Safelives. Resources for MARAC meetings [online]. https://safelives.org.uk/practice-support/resources-marac-meetings [Accessed 20.9.2021].Google Scholar
Howarth, E., Stimpson, L., Barran, D., and Robinson, A. Safety in Numbers: A Multi-site Evaluation of Independent Domestic Violence Advisor Services. London: The Henry Smith Charity, 2009.Google Scholar
Pettitt, B., Greenhead, S., Khalifeh, H. et al. At Risk, Yet Dismissed: The Criminal Victimisation of People with Mental Health Problems. London: Mind, 2013.Google Scholar
General Medical Council. Confidentiality: Good practice in handling patient information [online]. London: General Medical Council. 2017. www.gmc-uk.org/ethical-guidance/ethical-guidance-for-doctors/confidentialityGoogle Scholar
General Medical Council. Raising and acting on concerns about patient safety [online]. London: General Medical Council, 2012. www.gmc-uk.org/ethical-guidance/ethical-guidance-for-doctors/raising-and-acting-on-concerns.Google Scholar
Nursing and Midwifery Council. Raising concerns: Guidance for nurses, midwives and nursing associates [online]. London: Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2019. www.nmc.org.uk/standards/guidance/raising-concerns-guidance-for-nurses-and-midwives/Google Scholar
Montgomery, L., Hanlon, D., and Armstrong, C. 10,000 Voices: Service users’ experiences of adult safeguarding. Journal of Adult Protection 2017 Oct 9;19(5):236–46.Google Scholar

References

National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (2015). Violence and aggression: short-term management in mental health, health and community settings (NG10). London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2005). Violence: short-term management for over 16s in psychiatric and emergency departments. CG25. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2015). Challenging behaviour and learning disabilities: prevention and intervention is for people with learning disabilities whose behavior challenges. Nice Guideline [NG11]. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
HM Stationery Office (2019). Surveillance of violence and aggression: short-term management in mental health, health and community settings (NICE guideline NG10).Google Scholar
Bressington, D., Stewart, B., Beer, D. and MacInnes, D. (2011). Levels of service user satisfaction in secure settings – A survey of the association between perceived social climate, perceived therapeutic relationship and satisfaction with forensic services. International Journal of Nursing Studies 48:1349–56.Google Scholar
Keown, P., Weich, S., Bhui, K. and Scott, J. (2011). Association between the provision of mental illness beds and rate of involuntary admissions in the NHS in England: Ecological study 1988–2008. BMJ 343:d3736.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P. and Tyrer, H. (2018). Nidotherapy: Harmonising the Environment to the Patient, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ranger, M., Tyrer, P., Milošeska, K. et al. (2009). Cost-effectiveness of nidotherapy for comorbid personality disorder and severe mental illness: Randomized controlled trial. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 18:128–36.Google Scholar
Akerman, G., Needs, A. and Bainbridge, C. (2018). Transforming Environments and Rehabilitation: A Guide for Practitioners in Forensic Settings and Criminal Justice. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, R., Taylor, A. and Leggett, K. (2018). Establishing environment principals with young adult males in a custodial setting. In Akerman, G., Needs, A. and Bainbridge, C. (eds.), Transforming Environments and Rehabilitation: A Guide for Practitioners in Forensic Settings and Criminal Justice. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 271288.Google Scholar
Benefield, N., Turner, K., Bolger, L., and Bainbridge, C. (2018). Psychologically informed planned environments: a new optimism for criminal justice provision? In Akerman, G., Needs, A. and Bainbridge, C. (eds.), Transforming Environments and Rehabilitation: A Guide for Practitioners in Forensic Settings and Criminal Justice. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 179978.Google Scholar
Shingler, J., Sonnenberg, S. J., and Needs, A. (2020). Understanding indeterminate sentenced prisoners’ experiences of psychological risk assessment in the United Kingdom. Psychology, Crime & Law 6:571–92.Google Scholar
Tyrer, S., Beckley, J., Goel, D. et al. (2012). Factors affecting the practice of seclusion in an acute mental health service in Southland, New Zealand. BJPsych Bulletin 36:214–18.Google Scholar
Jenny, R. (2020). Coronavirus: Violence fears over longer lockdowns in prisons. British Broadcasting Corporation, 8 July. www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-53323771 [Accessed 8.9.2021].Google Scholar
Fazel, S. and Wolf, A. (2015). A systematic review of criminal recidivism rates worldwide: Current difficulties and recommendations for best practice. Plos One 10:e0130390.Google Scholar
Coid, J. W., Ullrich, S., and Kallis, C. (2013). Predicting future violence among individuals with psychopathy. British Journal of Psychiatry 203:387–8.Google Scholar
Department of Health (2012). Policy paper. Winterbourne View Hospital: DoH review and response. Published December 2012. Updated June 2013 [online]. www.gov.uk/government/publications/winterbourne-view-hospital-department-of-health-review-and-response [Accessed 8.9.2021].Google Scholar
MIND (2013). Mental health crisis care: Physical restraint in crisis [online]. www.mind.org.uk/media-a/4378/physical_restraint_final_web_version.pdf [Accessed 8.9.2021].Google Scholar
Campbell, D. (2017). Rise in violent attacks by patients on NHS mental health staff. The Guardian [online]. 7 October. www.theguardian.com/society/2017/oct/07/rise-in-violent-attacks-by-patients-on-nhs-mental-health-staff [Accessed 8.9.2021].Google Scholar
McCracken, N. (2018). Muckamore Hospital: Five patients assaulted by staff. British Broadcasting Corporation [online]. www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-45035899 [Accessed 8.9.2021]Google Scholar
Coid, J. W., Ullrich, S., Kallis, C. et al. (2016). Improving risk management for violence in mental health services: A multimethods approach. Programme Grants for Applied Research 4(16).Google Scholar
HM FIRE Service Inspectorate. (1998). Dynamic Assessment of Risk at Operational Incidents. London: HM FIRE Service Inspectorate.Google Scholar

References

Armstrong, D. R. Social Defences Against Anxiety: Explorations in a Paradigm (The Tavistock Clinic Series). London: Karnac Books, 2014.Google Scholar
Dismukes, R. K. , Gaba, D. M. and Howard, S. K. So many roads: Facilitated debriefing in healthcare [online]. Vol. 1, Simulation in Healthcare: Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare. 2006. https://journals.lww.com/simulationinhealthcare/Fulltext/2006/00110/So_Many_Roads__Facilitated_Debriefing_in.1.aspx.Google Scholar
Bonner, G., Lowe, T., Rawcliffe, D., and Wellman, N. Trauma for all: A pilot study of the subjective experience of physical restraint for mental health inpatients and staff in the UK. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 2002 Aug;9(4):465–73. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2850.2002.00504.x. PMID: 12164909.Google Scholar
Mitchell, M. and Mitchell, G. Book reviews: Violence and Mental Health Care Professionals. Edited by Til Wykes. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 1997 Mar;43(1):76–7.Google Scholar
Foster, C. , Bowers, L. and Nijman, H. Aggressive behaviour on acute psychiatric wards: Prevalence, severity and management. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2007;58(2):140–9.Google Scholar
Edmondson, A. Teaming: How Organizations Learn, Innovate, and Compete in the Knowledge Economy. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2012Google Scholar
Burman, N. Debrief and post-incident support: Views of staff, patients and carers. Nursing Times 2018;114(9):63–6.Google Scholar
NICE Guidance. Post-traumatic stress disorder [online]. 2018. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng116 [Accessed 27.4.2022].Google Scholar
Te Pou Te Pou, the National Centre of Mental Health Research, Information and Workforce Development. Debriefing following seclusion and restraint: A summary of relevant literature [online]. 2014. https://openrepository.aut.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/9084/debriefing-following-seclusion-and-restraint-281014.pdf [Accessed 27.4.2022].Google Scholar
Department of Health and Social Services. Positive and proactive care: Reducing the need for restrictive interventions. Social Care, Local Government and Care Partnership Directorate, 2014.Google Scholar
Safewards. Resources for Safewards implementation [online]. www.safewards.net/ [Accessed 27.4.2022].Google Scholar
Bowers, L. Safewards: A new model of conflict and containment on psychiatric wards [online]. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2014, 21(6):499508. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.Google Scholar
NICE Guidance. Violence and aggression: Short-term management in mental health, health and community settings [online]. NICE, 2015. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng10 [Accessed 27.4.2022].Google Scholar
NICE Guideline. Violent and aggressive behaviours in people with mental health problems: Quality standards [online]. NICE, 2017. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs154 [Accessed 27.4.2022].Google Scholar
Royal College of Psychiatrists, College Centre for Quality Improvement. Standards for Community-Based Mental Health Services. [online]. 3rd ed., 2019. www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/improving-care/ccqi/ccqi-resources/rcpsych_standards_com_2019_lr.pdf?sfvrsn=321ed2a3_2 [Accessed 27.4.2022].Google Scholar
Participation E. Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 [online]. Statute Law Database; 1974. www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37/contents.Google Scholar
The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 [online]. Queen’s Printer of Acts of Parliament; 1999. www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1999/3242/contents/made.Google Scholar
Berwick Review into Patient Safety. A promise to learn – a commitment to act. Improving the Safety of Patients in England. National Advisory Group on the Safety of Patients in England; 2013.Google Scholar
Edmondson, A., Higgins, M., Singer, S., and Weiner, J. Understanding psychological safety in health care and education organizations: A comparative perspective. Research in Human Development 2016 Jan 2;13:6583.Google Scholar
Greenberg, N., Docherty, M., Gnanapragasam, S., and Wessely, S. Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic. BMJ 2020 Mar 26;368:m1211.Google Scholar
Farrell, J., Reiss, N., and Shaw, I. The Schema Therapy Clinician’s Guide: A Complete Resource for Building and Delivering Individual, Group and Integrated Schema Mode Treatment Programs. London: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.Google Scholar
Grey, N. A Casebook of Cognitive Therapy for Traumatic Stress Reactions. London: Routledge, 2009.Google Scholar
Rose, S., Bisson, J., Churchill, R., and Wessely, S. Psychological debriefing for preventing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2002;(2):CD000560. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000560. PMID: 12076399.Google Scholar
Yalom, I. D. and Leszcz, M. The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy, 6th ed. New York: Basic Books/Hachette Book Group, 2021.Google Scholar
Bion, W. R. Container and contained. In Colman, A. and Geller, M. (eds.), Group Relations Reader, Vol. 2. 1985. Saulsalito: AK Rice Institute, pp. 127–33.Google Scholar
McIvor, R. J., Canterbury, R., and Gunn, J. Psychological care of staff following traumatic incidents at work. Psychiatric Bulletin 1997;21(3):176–8.Google Scholar
Bonner, G. and Wellman, N. Post incident review of aggression and violence in mental health settings. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services. 2010 Jul 1;48(7):3540.Google Scholar
Sherrer, M. V. The role of cognitive appraisal in adaptation to traumatic stress in adults with serious mental illness: A critical review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2011 Jul;12(3):151–67.Google Scholar
Read, J., van Os, J., Morrison, A. P. and Ross, C. A. Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: A literature review with theoretical and clinical implications. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2005 Nov;112(5):330–50.Google Scholar
Mitchell, J. T. and Everly, G. S. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD): An Operations Manual for the Prevention of Traumatic Stress Among Emergency Service and Disaster Workers. 2nd ed. Ellicott City: Chevron Publishing Corporation, 1997.Google Scholar
HM Government. Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority [online]. NICE; 2002. www.gov.uk/government/organisations/criminal-injuries-compensation-authority [Accessed 27.4.2022].Google Scholar
Crown Prosecution Service. Mental health: Suspects and defendants with mental health conditions or disorders. [online]. 2019. www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/mental-health-suspects-and-defendants-mental-health-conditions-or-disorders [Accessed 27.4.2022].Google Scholar
Wilson, S., Murray, K., Harris, M. and Brown, M. Psychiatric in-patients, violence and the criminal justice system. The Psychiatrist 2012 Feb;36(2):41–4.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • General Aspects of Management
  • Edited by Masum Khwaja, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, Peter Tyrer, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London
  • Book: The Prevention and Management of Violence
  • Online publication: 09 May 2023
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • General Aspects of Management
  • Edited by Masum Khwaja, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, Peter Tyrer, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London
  • Book: The Prevention and Management of Violence
  • Online publication: 09 May 2023
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • General Aspects of Management
  • Edited by Masum Khwaja, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, Peter Tyrer, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London
  • Book: The Prevention and Management of Violence
  • Online publication: 09 May 2023
Available formats
×