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64 - Hyperthermia

from Section 11 - Environmental emergencies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2013

Kaushal Shah
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York
Jarone Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
Kamal Medlej
Affiliation:
American University of Beirut
Scott D. Weingart
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York
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Summary

This chapter focuses on the more critical presentations of hyperthermia, including heatstroke and toxicological hyperthermia. Rectal temperature should be obtained on all patients with a concern for hyperthermia. A head CT followed by lumbar puncture should be performed in patients presenting with hyperthermia and neurological dysfunction in whom the diagnosis of heatstroke is not clearly established. Cooling measures should be initiated even before any investigations into the etiology of the hyperthermia. Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a disease state occasionally observed in patients undergoing general anesthesia. The hypercatabolic state results in rapid-onset, severe hyperthermia (greater than 40.5 degree Celsius), tachycardia, and tachypnea. Another pathological condition in which hyperthermia is encountered is neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). It is caused by excessive blockage of dopaminergic receptors by some antipsychotics, as well as by the withdrawal of dopaminergic drugs. Neuromuscular blockade can be used for refractory hyperthermia or for airway management.
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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

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