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30 - Fulminant Hepatic Failure

from Section 6 - Gastrointestinal Emergencies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 November 2023

By
Aqsa Shakoor ,
Danielle Walsh  and
Desiree Rogers
Edited by
Kaushal Shah  and
Jarone Lee
Edited in association with
Clark G. Owyang  and
Benjamin Christian Renne
Kaushal Shah
Affiliation:
Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York
Jarone Lee
Affiliation:
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
Clark G. Owyang
Affiliation:
Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York
Benjamin Christian Renne
Affiliation:
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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Summary

Fulminant, or acute, hepatic failure is defined as severe hepatocyte dysfunction resulting in rapid elevation of aminotransferases, encephalopathy, coagulopathy and multiorgan failure in an otherwise healthy individual without preexisting liver disease. Acute liver failure (ALF) has an incidence of 1–2/100,000 people in the United States or approximately 3,000–6,000 cases per year with nearly 30% of patients requiring a liver transplantation. ALF is fundamentally different and should not be confused with acute or chronic liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis, as the etiology of ALF is the most important determinant of transplant-free survival.

Keywords

fulminant hepatic failureliver transplantationchronic liver failureacute liver failurehepatorenal syndrome
Type
Chapter
Information
Practical Emergency Resuscitation and Critical Care , pp. 279 - 292
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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References

Paugam-Burtz, C, Levesque, E, Louvet, A, et al. Management of liver failure in general intensive care unit. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2020;39(1):143–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accpm.2019.06.014CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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