Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T05:15:25.906Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 14 - Post-traumatic Epilepsy in Low Income Countries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2021

By
Jeevagan Vijayabala
Edited by
Marco Mula
Marco Mula
Affiliation:
St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London
Get access

Summary

Post traumatic epilepsy was recognized in many developing countries several thousand years ago. Increased incidence of traumatic brain injury due to rising rate of road traffic injuries, violence and falls has resulted in comparatively higher prevalence of post traumatic epilepsy. However, there is no reliable data on epidemiology, financial costs and social impact of post traumatic epilepsy in these countries. Lack of reliable statistics with poor health infrastructure leads to disproportionately higher burden of post traumatic epilepsy. Majority of the patients with post traumatic epilepsy do not receive appropriate medical treatment. Understanding the barriers to epilepsy care delivery is paramount in improving the quality of care of these patients with post traumatic epilepsy. More emphasis should be given on primary prevention tactics tailored for developing nations to curtail the incidence of traumatic brain injury and resultant post traumatic epilepsy.

Keywords

Post traumatic epilepsyDeveloping countriesTraumatic brain injuries
Type
Chapter
Information
Post-traumatic Epilepsy , pp. 179 - 185
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Tandon, PN. Ayurveda and epilepsy. In: Tandon, PN, ed. Epilepsy in India: Report based on a multicentric study on epidemiology of epilepsy carried out as a PL 480 funded project of the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India, 1989:176–80.Google Scholar
Bhatt, HA, Gogtay, NJ, Dalvi, SS, Kshirsagar, NA. Epilepsy. In: Mishra, LC, ed: Scientific Basis for Ayurvedic therapies. Washington DC: CRC Press, 2003:427–37Google Scholar
Puvanachandra, P, Hyder, AA. The burden of traumatic brain injury in Asia: A call for research. Pak J Neurol Sci 2009;4(1):27–32Google Scholar
GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol 2019;18:56–87.Google Scholar
El-Gindi, S, Mahdy, M, Abdel Azeem, A. Traumatic brain injury in developing countries. Road war in Africa. Rev Esp Neuropsicol 2001;3:3–11.Google Scholar
Murray, CJ, López, AD. The Global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected in 2020 Boston: Harvard School of Public Health: Harvard University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Krug, EG (ed). Injury: a leading cause of the global burden of disease. World Health Organization. 1999. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66160.Google Scholar
Nantulya, VM, Kenya, Muli-Musiime F. Uncovering the social determinants of road traffic accidents. In: Evans, T, Whitehead, M, Diderichsen, F, Bhuiya, A, Wirth, M, eds. Challenging Inequities: from Ethics to Action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Odero, W, Garner, P, Zwi, A. Road traffic injuries in developing countries: a comprehensive review of epidemiological studies. Trop Med Int Health 1997;2:445–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kapila, S, Manundu, M, Lamba, D. The “matatu” mode of public transport in metropolitan Nairobi. Nairobi: Mazingira Institute Report, 1982.Google Scholar
Mock, CN, NII-Amon-Kotei, D, Maier, RV. Low utilization of formal medical services by injured persons in a developing nation: health service data underestimate the importance of trauma. J Trauma 1997;42:504–13.Google Scholar
Mohan, D, Tiwari, G. Traffic safety in low-income countries: issues and concerns regarding technology transfer from high-income countries. In: Reflections of the Transfer of Traffic Safety Knowledge to Motorizing Nations. Melbourne: Global Safety Trust, 1998:27–56.Google Scholar
Stewart, F, Fitzgerald, V, eds. War and Underdevelopment: the Economic and Social Consequences of Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Lindquist, LK, Love, HC, Elbogen, EB. Traumatic brain injury in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans: New results from a national random sample Study. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017;29:254–9.Google Scholar
Girish, N, Kavita, R, Gururaj, G, Benegal, V. Alcohol use and implications for public health: patterns of use in four communities. Indian J Community Med 2010;35:238–44.Google ScholarPubMed
Gururaj, G. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries: Indian scenario. Neurol Res. 2002;24(1):24–8.Google Scholar
Peden, M, McGee, K, Sharma, G. The Injury Chart Book: A Graphical Overview of the Global Burden of Injuries. Geneva: World Health Organization;2002.Google Scholar
Mathers, C, Boerma, T, Ma Fat, D. The Global Burden of Disease 2004 update. Geneva: World Health Organization;2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, S, Gupta, SK, Devkota, S, et al. Fall Injuries in Nepal: A countrywide population-based survey. Ann Glob Health. 2015;81:487–94.Google Scholar
Kalula, SZ, Scott, V, Dowd, A, Brodrick, K. Falls and fall prevention programmes in developing countries: environmental scan for the adaptation of the Canadian Falls prevention curriculum for developing countries. J Safety Res 2011;42:461–72.Google Scholar
Kalula, SZ. A WHO Global Report on Falls among Older Persons: Prevention of Falls in Older Persons: Africa Case Study. World Health Organization. 2008.Google Scholar
Bhatti, JA, Farooq, U, Majeed, M, et al. Fall-related injuries in a low-income setting: Results from a pilot injury surveillance system in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2015;5:283–90.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Children and Falls. Available at: www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/child/injury/world_report/Falls_english.pdf. Accessed January 3, 2020.Google Scholar
Grivna, M, Eid, HO, Abu-Zidan, FM. Epidemiology, morbidity and mortality from fall-related injuries in the United Arab Emirates. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2014;22:51.Google Scholar
Nadhim, EA, Hon, C, Xia, B, Stewart, I, Fang, D. Falls from height in the construction industry: A critical review of the scientific literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016;13(7):638.Google Scholar
Thapa, A, Chandra, SP, Sinha, S, Sreenivas, V, Sharma, BS, Tripathi, M. Post-traumatic seizures-A prospective study from a tertiary level trauma center in a developing country. Seizure 2010;19(4):211–6.Google Scholar
Zhao, Y, Wu, H, Wang, X, Li, J, Zhang, S. Clinical epidemiology of posttraumatic epilepsy in a group of Chinese patients. Seizure 2012;21(5):322–6.Google Scholar
Wang, H, Xin, T, Sun, X, et al. Post-traumatic seizures–a prospective, multicenter, large case study after head injury in China. Epilepsy Res 2013;107(3):272–8.Google Scholar
Kazemi, H, Hashemi-Fesharaki, S, Razaghi, S, et al. Intractable epilepsy and craniocerebral trauma: analysis of 163 patients with blunt and penetrating head injuries sustained in war. Injury 2012;43:2132–5.Google Scholar
Salazar, JB, Vance, SC, et al. Epilepsy after penetrating head injury. Clinical correlates: a report of the Vietnam head injury study. Neurology 1985;35:1406–14.Google Scholar
Williams, AJ, Hartings, JA, Lu, XC, Rolli, ML, Dave, JR, Tortella, FC. Characterization of a new rat model of penetrating ballistic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2005;22:313–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bao, YH, Bramlett, HM, Atkins, CM, et al. Post-traumatic seizures exacerbate histopathological damage after fluid-percussion brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2011;28:35–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ouyang, W, Wu, W, Fan, Z, Wang, J, Pan, H, Yang, W. Modified device for fluid percussion injury in rodents. J Neurosci Res 2018;96:1412–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piccenna, L, Shears, G, O’Brien, TJ. Management of post-traumatic epilepsy: An evidence review over the last 5 years and future directions. Epilepsia Open 2017;2(2):123–44.Google Scholar
Chang, BS, Lowenstein, DH. Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Practice parameter: antiepileptic drug prophylaxis in severe traumatic brain injury: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2003;60:10.Google Scholar
Schierhout, G, Roberts, I. Anti-epileptic drugs for preventing seizures following acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;CD000173.Google Scholar
Ma, CY, Xue, YJ, Li, M, Zhang, Y, Li, GZ. Sodium valproate for prevention of early posttraumatic seizures. Chin J Traumatol 2010;13:293–6.Google Scholar
Temkin, NR1, Dikmen, SS, Anderson, GD, et al. Valproate therapy for prevention of posttraumatic seizures: a randomized trial. J Neurosurg 1999;91:593–600.Google Scholar
Szaflarski, JP, Sangha, KS, Lindsell, CJ, Shutter, LA. Prospective, randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis. Neurocrit Care 2010;12:165–72.Google Scholar
Trinka, E, Kwan, P, Lee, B, Dash, A. Epilepsy in Asia: Disease burden, management barriers, and challenges. Epilepsia. 2019;60 Suppl 1:7–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×