Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T07:57:25.779Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part I - One-Party Dominated Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2023

Edited by
B. Guy Peters ,
Colin Knox  and
Byeong Seob Kim
B. Guy Peters
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Colin Knox
Affiliation:
Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan
Byeong Seob Kim
Affiliation:
Seoul National University
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Political Patronage in Asian Bureaucracies , pp. 23 - 96
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Aberbach, J.D., Putnam, R.D. and Rockman, B.A. (1981). 5. The Compass of Elite Ideology. In Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies (pp. 115–169). Harvard: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Barr, M.D. (2014). The Ruling Elite of Singapore: Networks of Power and Influence. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.Google Scholar
Bell, D.A. (2015). The China Model: Political Meritocracy and the Limits of Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Chan, H.C. (1976). The Dynamics of One Party Dominance: The PAP at the Grass-roots. Singapore: Singapore University Press.Google Scholar
Chan, H.C. (1989). 3. The PAP and the Structuring of the Political System (pp. 70–89). Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.Google Scholar
Chen, P.S. (1975). Elites and National Development in Singapore. Asian Journal of Social Science, 3(1), pp. 17–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheung, B.L.A. (2003). Public Service Reform in Singapore: Reinventing Government in a Global Age. In Cheung, Anthony and Scott, Ian (Eds.), Governance and Public Sector Reform in Asia: Paradigm Shifts or Business as Usual? (pp. 138–162). Routledge: Curzon.Google Scholar
Chinn, D., Dimson, J., Goodman, A. and Gleeson, I. (2015). World-Class Government Transforming the UK Public Sector in an Era of Austerity: Five Lessons from around the World.Google Scholar
Connelly, B.L., Ketchen, D.J. and Slater, S.F. (2011). Toward a “Theoretical Toolbox” for Sustainability Research in Marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(1), pp. 86–100.Google Scholar
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore. (2021). Available at: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CONS1963 (accessed on 6 May 2021).Google Scholar
Daud, S. (2019). Residents’ Ramp Took 7 Years to Build due to PAP’s “Divisive Approach to Politics”: Workers’ Party Pritam Singh, Mothership, October 16, 2019. Accessed from: https://mothership.sg/2019/10/pritam-singh-ramp-pa/Google Scholar
Derlien, H.‐U. (1986). Soziale Herkunft und Parteibindung der Beamtenschaft. In Ellwein, T. and Wehling, H.‐G. (Eds.), Verwaltung und Politik in der Bundesrepublik (pp. 115–132). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.Google Scholar
Eichbaum, C. and Shaw, R. (2007). Ministerial Advisers and the Politics of Policy‐making: Bureaucratic Permanence and Popular Control. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 66(4), pp. 453–467.Google Scholar
Francesch-Huidobro, M. (2008). Governance, Politics and the Environment: A Singapore Study (Vol. 349). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Freeman, J. and Minow, M. (Eds.). (2009). Government by Contract: Outsourcing and American Democracy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goetz, K. (2007). German Officials and the Federal Policy Process: The Decline of Sectional Leadership. In Page, E. C. and Wright, V. (Eds.), From the Active to the Enabling State (pp. 164–188). London: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Hamilton-Hart, N. (2002). Asian States, Asian Bankers: Central Banking in Southeast Asia. New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Hansard, Singapore. (1996). “People’s Association (Amendment) Bill” Parliament No. 8, Session no. 2, Vol. no: 66, Sitting no: 8, 10 October, 1996. Accessed from: http://sprs.parl.gov.sg/search/topichtmlfilename=013_19961010_S0003_T0006Google Scholar
Haque, S.M. (1996). A Grassroots Approach to Decentralization in Singapore. Asian Journal of Political Science, 4(1), pp. 64–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, M., and Lian, K.F. (2013). The Politics of Nation Building and Citizenship in Singapore. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ho, K.C. (2000). Competing to Be Regional Centres: A Multi-agency, Multi-locational Perspective. Urban Studies, 37(12), pp. 2337–2356.Google Scholar
Ho, K.L. (2003). Shared Responsibilities, Unshared Power: The Politics of Policy-making in Singapore. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish International.Google Scholar
Kim, S. and Han, C. (2015). Administrative Reform in South Korea: New Public Management and the Bureaucracy. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 81(4), pp. 694–712. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852314558034Google Scholar
Kopecký, P. and Scherlis, G. (2008). Party Patronage in Contemporary Europe. European Review, 16(3), p. 355.Google Scholar
Krause, G.A., Lewis, D.E. and Douglas, J.W. (2006). Political Appointments, Civil Service Systems, and Bureaucratic Competence: Organizational Balancing and Executive Branch Revenue Forecasts in the American States. American Journal of Political Science, 50(3), pp. 770–787.Google Scholar
Lee Hsien Loong. (2016). Civil Service Not Independent of Government But Politically Impartial, The Straits Times. Available at: www.straitstimes.com/politics/civil-service-not-independent-of-government-but-politically-impartial-pm-lee (accessed on 1 May 2021).Google Scholar
Lee, E.W. and Haque, M.S. (2006). The New Public Management Reform and Governance in Asian NICs: A Comparison of Hong Kong and Singapore 1. Governance, 19(4), pp. 605–626.Google Scholar
Lee, H. and Lee, T. (2019). From Contempt of Court to Fake News: Public Legitimisation and Governance in Mediated Singapore. Media International Australia, 173(1), pp. 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X19853074Google Scholar
Lewis, D.E. (2007). Testing Pendleton’s Premise: Do Political Appointees make Worse Bureaucrats? The Journal of Politics, 69(4), pp. 1073–1088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lim, L. (2008). How Just Our Meritocracy? – Singapore Needs to Find a Better Balance So That Social Inequality Does Not Become Entrenched, Straits Times, 30 August, Newsbank, Access World News, p. 1.Google Scholar
Lu, L. (2021). Applying a ‘Glonacal’ Framework: The Education Choices of Academically Elite Students in Singapore in Relation to State Scholarships. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 20(3), pp. 1–13.Google Scholar
Mauzy, D. and Milne, R.S. (2002). Singapore Politics under the People’s Action Party. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayntz, R. and Derlien, H.U. (1989). Party Patronage and Politicization of the West German Administrative Elite 1970–1987: Toward Hybridization? Governance, 2(4), pp. 384–404.Google Scholar
Painter, M. (2004). The Politics of Administrative Reform in East and Southeast Asia: From Gridlock to Continuous Self-Improvement? Governance, 17, pp. 361–386.Google Scholar
Peters, B.G. and Pierre, J. (Eds.) (2004). The Politicization of the Civil Service in Comparative Perspective: A Quest for Control (Vol. 7). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
People’s Association. (2021). About Us. Accessed from: www.pa.gov.sg/about-usGoogle Scholar
Poocharoen, O.O. and Brillantes, A. (2013). Meritocracy in Asia Pacific: Status, Issues, and Challenges. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 33(2), pp. 140–163.Google Scholar
Poocharoen, O.O. and Lee, C. (2013). Talent Management in the Public Sector: A Comparative Study of Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand. Public Management Review, 15(8), pp. 1185–1207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Public Service Division. (2018). Administrative Service. Available at: www.psd.gov.sg/what-we-do/developing-leadership-in-the-service/administrative-service (accessed on 20 April 2021).Google Scholar
Quah, J.S. (2021). Best Practices for Combating Corruption: Learning from Singapore and Hong Kong. In Corruption in the Public Sector: An International Perspective. Bingley: Emerald Publishing.Google Scholar
Read, B. (2012) Roots of the State: Neighbourhood Organisation and Social Networks in Beijing and Taipei. California: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Rodan, G. (2008). Singapore ‘Exceptionalism’? Authoritarian Rule and State Transformation’ In Wong, J., and Friedman, E. (Eds.), Political Transitions in Dominant Party Systems: Learning to Lose (pp. 247–267). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203893111Google Scholar
Seah, C.M. (1985). Parapolitical Institutions. In Quah, J.S.T., Chan, H.C. and Seah, C.M. (Eds.), Government and Politics of Singapore (pp. 173–94). Singapore: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Singapore Prime Minister’s Office. (1994). White Paper on Competitive Salaries for Competent & Honest Government: Benchmarks for Ministers & Senior Public Officers. Available at: www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/government_records/record-details/a0bef428-730e-11e7-83df-0050568939ad (accessed on 1 May 2021).Google Scholar
Singh, B. (2017). Understanding Singapore Politics. Singapore: World Scientific Press.Google Scholar
Śliwa, M. and Johansson, M. (2014). The Discourse of Meritocracy Contested/Reproduced: Foreign Women Academics in UK Business Schools. Organization, 21(6), pp. 821–843.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
So, B.W.Y. (2015). Exam‐centred Meritocracy in Taiwan: Hiring by Merit or Examination? Australian Journal of Public Administration, 74(3), pp. 312–323.Google Scholar
Spence, M. (1973). Job Market Signaling. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), pp. 355–374.Google Scholar
Stiglitz, J.E. (2000). The Contributions of the Economics of Information to Twentieth Century Economics. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(4), pp. 1441–1478.Google Scholar
Tan, K.P. (2003). Democracy and the Grassroots Sector in Singapore. Space & Polity, 7(1): pp. 3–20.Google Scholar
Tan, K.P. (2008). Meritocracy and Elitism in a Global City: Ideological Shifts in Singapore. International Political Science Review, 29(1), pp. 7–27.Google Scholar
Transparency International. (2020). 2020 Corruption Perceptions Index. Available at: www.transparency.org/en/press/2020-corruption-perceptions-index-reveals-widespread-corruption-is-weakening-covid-19-response-threatening-global-recovery (accessed on 1 May 2021).Google Scholar
Tsuneki, A. (2012). Japanese Bureaucracy, Japanese Economy, 39(3), pp. 49–68.Google Scholar
Vallance, S. (1999). Performance Appraisal in Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines: A Cultural Perspective. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 58(4), pp. 78–95.Google Scholar
Van-Biesen, G. (2006). Overview of Civil Service Selection Procedures in EU Context. In Belgium Seminar on “Civil Service Recruitment Procedures”, Vilnius (pp. 21–22).Google Scholar
Van der Wal, Z. (2021). Singapore’s Corrupt Practices Investigations Bureau: Guardian of Public Integrity. In Guardians of Public Value (pp. 63–86). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Veit, S. and Scholz, S. (2016). Linking Administrative Career Patterns and Politicization: Signalling Effects in the Careers of Top Civil Servants in Germany. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 82(3), pp. 516–535.Google Scholar
Weiss, M.L. (2017). Going to the Ground (or AstroTurf): A Grassroots View of Regime Resilience. Democratization, 24(2), pp. 265–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, M.L. (2020). The Roots of Resilience: Party Machines and Grassroots Politics in Southeast Asia. Ithaca; London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Woo, J.J. (2016). Singapore as an International Finance Centre. London: Palgrave.Google Scholar
World Bank. (2020). Worldwide Governance Indicators. Available at: https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/Home/Reports (accessed on 15 April 2021).Google Scholar
World Economic Forum. (2020). Global Competitiveness Report 2020. Available at: www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-competitiveness-report-2020 (accessed on 13 April 2021).Google Scholar
Yuen, S. (2018). Parliament: Grassroots Advisers Appointed to Fulfil Mission of Government of the Day, Says Chan Chun Sing, The Straits Times, Mar 8, 2018. Accessed from: www.straitstimes.com/politics/grassroots-advisors-are-appointed-to-fulfil-mission-of-government-of-the-day-chan-chun-singGoogle Scholar

References

Administrative Reforms Commission. (2008). ‘Public Order.’ Fifth Report of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission. New Delhi: Government of India.Google Scholar
Banik, Dan. (2001). The Transfer Raj: Indian Civil Servants on the Move. European Journal of Development Research, June, 13(1), 106–134.Google Scholar
Bardhan, Pranab. (2016). Democratic Development in India: Reflections on Problems and Prospects. In Törnquist, O. and Harriss, J. (Eds.), Reinventing Social Democratic Development: Insights from Indian and Scandinavian Comparisons. Copenhagen: Nias Press.Google Scholar
Béteille, Tara. (2015). Fixers in India’s Teacher Labour Markets: Behind the Scenes. Asian Survey, 55(5), 942–968.Google Scholar
Bhat, Naseer Ahmad, Shameem, Bazila and Yadav, Nisha. (2020). Downward Spiral in Civil Service Anonymity and Neutrality: An Analysis of Indian Bureaucracy during Rise of Chauvinism and Right-Wing Nationalism. Palarch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(7), 5158–5168.Google Scholar
Chand, Vikram K. (2010). Public Service Delivery in India: Understanding the Reform Process. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, E. (2020). New Developmentalism and Its Discontents: State Activism in Modi’s Gujarat and India. Development and Change.Google Scholar
Cooper, C.A. (2021). Politicization of the Bureaucracy across and within Administrative Traditions. International Journal of Public Administration, 44(7), 564–577.Google Scholar
Dahlström, Carl, Lapuente, Victor and Teorell, Jan. (2012). The Merit of Meritocratization: Politics, Bureaucracy, and the Institutional Deterrents of Corruption. Political Research Quarterly, 65(3), 656–668.Google Scholar
Das, Sabyasachi and Sabharwal, Gaurav. (2017). “Whom Are You Doing a Favor to? Political Alignment and Allocation of Public Servants.” at https://ashoka.edu.in/static/doc_uploads/file_1537331284.pdfGoogle Scholar
Deshpande, S. (2019). Governing Nutrition, Performing State: Workers of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Programme, India (Doctoral dissertation, University of Sussex).Google Scholar
Gupta, Vishal. (2016). Indian Administrative Service and Crony Capitalism. In Crony Capitalism in India (pp. 177–205). London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Iyer, Lakshmi and Mani, Anandi. (2012). Traveling Agents: Political Change and Bureaucratic Turnover in India. Review of Economics and Statistics, 94(3), 723–39.Google Scholar
Kapur, Devesh. (2020). Why Does the Indian State both Fail and Succeed? The Journal of Economic Perspectives (Winter) 34(1), 31–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonnell, D. and Cabrera, L. (2019). The Right-wing Populism of India’s Bharatiya Janata Party (and Why Comparativists should Care). Democratization, 26(3), 484–501.Google Scholar
Peters, B.G. and Pierre, J. (Eds.). (2004). Politicization of the Civil Service in Comparative Perspective. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Poguntke, T. and Webb, P. (2005). The Presidentialization of Politics in Democratic Societies: A Framework for Analysis. The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies, 1, 1–25.Google Scholar
Pritchett, Lant. (2009). Is India a Flailing State?: Detours on the Four Lane Highway to Modernization. HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP09-013, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rauch, James E. and Evans, Peter B.. (2000). Bureaucratic Structure and Bureaucratic Performance, in Less Developed Countries. Journal of Public Economics, 75(1), 49–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogenhofer, J.M. and Panievsky, A. (2020). Antidemocratic Populism in Power: Comparing Erdoğan’s Turkey with Modi’s India and Netanyahu’s Israel. Democratization, 27(8), 1394–1412.Google Scholar
Ruparelia, Sanjay (2015). ‘Minimum Government, Maximum Governance’: The Restructuring of Power in Modi’s India. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 38(4), 755–775.Google Scholar
Saxena, N.C. (2018). Land Acquisition Law in India. Journal of Resources, Energy and Development, 15(1–2), 1–11.Google Scholar
Saxena, N.C. (2019). What Ails the IAS & Why It Fails to Deliver? An Insider’s View. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Sircar, Jawhar. (2020). Picking, Kicking and Wrecking: Subjugation of the Bureaucracy in the Modi Regime, The Wire, 7 SEP.Google Scholar
Sircar, Jawhar. (2021). IAS and Bureaucracy: All the Prime Minister’s Men, The New Indian Express, 17th March.Google Scholar
Varshney, Ashutosh. (2019). Modi Consolidates Power: Electoral Vibrancy, Mounting Liberal Deficits. Journal of Democracy, 30(4), October, 63–77.Google Scholar
Wade, Robert. (1985). The Market for Public Office: Why the Indian State is not Better at Development. World Development, 13(4), 467–497.Google Scholar
World Bank. (2003). Government employment and pay in global perspective: a selective synthesis of international facts, policies and experience, by Salvatore Schiavo-Campo, Giulio de Tommaso, and Amitabha Mukherjee.Google Scholar
Worsdell, T. and Shrivastava, K. (2020). Locating the Breach: Mapping the Nature of Land Conflicts in India. New Delhi: Land Conflict Watch.Google Scholar

References

Almendares, N. (2011). Politicization of Bureaucracy. SAGE International Encyclopedia of Political Science (Bertrand Badie, et al. eds.), 2011. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2641351Google Scholar
Appiah, D. & Abdulai, A.-G. (2017). Politicization of Bureaucracy. In Farazmand, A. (Ed.), Global Encyclopaedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_682-1Google Scholar
Baimenov, A.M. (2015). Meritocracy and Professional Ethics as Key Factors for Civil Service Effectiveness. International Journal of Civil Service Reform and Practice, 5: 80–84.Google Scholar
Bermeo, N. (2016). On Democratic Backsliding. Journal of Democracy, 27(1): 5–19.Google Scholar
Bersch, K. et al. (2017). State Capacity, Bureaucratic Politicization, and Corruption in the Brazilian State. Governance, 30(1): 105–124.Google Scholar
Bertelsmann Stiftung. (2020). Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI): 2020 country report: Bangladesh.Google Scholar
Blair, H. (2020). The Bangladesh Paradox. Journal of Democracy, 31(4): 138–150.Google Scholar
Boräng, F. (2017). Cooking the books: Bureaucratic Politicization and Policy knowledge. Governance. doi:10.1111/gove.12283.Google Scholar
Cingolani, L. (2015). Minding Weber More than Ever? The Impacts of State Capacity and Bureaucratic Autonomy on Development Goals. World Development, 72: 191–207.Google Scholar
Clark, H. (2015). Achieving the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda-the Role of the Public Service. Available at: www.ethiopiaprobserver.com/helen-clark-achieving-the-post-2015-sustainable-development-agenda-the-role-of-the-public-service/Google Scholar
Cooper, C.A. (2020). Politicization of the Bureaucracy Across and within Administrative Traditions. International Journal of Public Administration. doi:10.1080/01900692.2020.1739074Google Scholar
Evans, P. (1995). Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Evans, P. & Rauch, J. E. (1999). Bureaucracy and Growth: A Cross-national Analysis of the Effects of “Weberian” State Structures on Economic Growth. American Sociological Review, 64(5): 748–765.Google Scholar
Harvey, C.J. & Mukherjee, P. (2018). Methods of Election Manipulation and the Likelihood of Post-Election Protest. Government and Opposition: 1–23. doi:10.1017/gov.2018.38CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassan, M. (2013). Political settlement dynamics in a limited-access order: The case of Bangladesh. ESID working paper no. 23.Google Scholar
Hassan, M. et al. (2020). Political economy of private bank governance in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Institutional Diagnostic Working Paper 20/BDID (06). Economic Development & Institutions, Oxford Policy Management.Google Scholar
Hasan, M. & Evertsen, K.F. (2021). Bangladesh at 50: Development without democracy? Available at: https://devpolicy.org/bangladesh-at-50-development-without-democracy-20210224/Google Scholar
Hassan, M. & Raihan, S. (2017). Deals and Development: The Political Dynamics of Growth Episodes. In Pritchett, L., Sen, K. & Werker, E. (Eds.), Deals and Development: The Political Dynamics of Growth Episodes (pp. 96–128). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hossain, A.A. (2020). Anatomy of Creeping Authoritarianism in Bangladesh: A Historical Analysis of some Events that Shaped the Present State of Bangladesh’s Culture and Politics. Asian Journal of Political Science, 28(1): 13–31.Google Scholar
Huber, J.D. & Ting, M.M. (2021). Civil Service and Patronage in Bureaucracies. The Journal of Politics, 83(3): 902–916.Google Scholar
Hyden, G. et al. (2003). The bureaucracy and governance in 16 developing countries. World governance survey discussion paper 7: Overseas Development Institute.Google Scholar
Islam, M.M. (2013). The Toxic Politics of Bangladesh: A Bipolar Competitive Neopatrimonial State? Asian Journal of Political Science, 21(2): 148–168.Google Scholar
Johnson, C. (1982). MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925–1975. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Khan, A.A. (2015). Gresham’s Law and Beyond: An Analysis of the Bangladesh Bureaucracy. University Press Limited.Google Scholar
Khan, M. (2017). Anti-corruption in Bangladesh: A political settlements analysis. Anti-Corruption Evidence (ACE) Working Paper: 003.Google Scholar
Khan, M.M. (2013). History and Context of Public Administration in Bangladesh. In Sabharwal, M. Berman, , E.M. (Eds.), Public Administration in South Asia: India, Bangladesh and Pakistan (pp. 713–732). CRC Press. 887.Google Scholar
Kopecký, P. (2011). Political Competition and Party Patronage: Public Appointments in Ghana and South Africa. Political Studies, 59: 713–732.Google Scholar
Kopecky, P. et al. (2016). Party Patronage in Contemporary Democracies: Results from an Expert Survey in 22 Countries from Five Regions. European Journal of Political Research, 55: 416–431.Google Scholar
Larraburu, C.R.R., Panizza, F. & Peters, B.G. (2018). Roles, trust and skills: A typology of patronage appointments. Public Administration. doi:10.1111/padm.12560Google Scholar
Lee, C.K. (2018). The politicization of senior civil service in Korea: A human resource management perspective. Asian Education and Development Studies, https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-11-2017-0114Google Scholar
Mahmud, W. (2020). Socio-economic progress with poor governance: How are Amartya Sen’s thoughts relevant for contemporary Bangladesh? Indian Journal of Human Development: 1–13. doi:10.1177/0973703020968475Google Scholar
Maitrot, M. & Jackman, D. (2020). The 2018 Bangladeshi election. ESID working paper 132.Google Scholar
Matheson, A. et al. (2007). Study on the political involvement in senior staffing and on the delineation of responsibilities between ministers and senior civil servants. OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, 2007/6, OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/136274825752Google Scholar
McCourt, W. (2000). Public appointments: From patronage to merit. Working Paper No. 9. Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester.Google Scholar
McCourt, W. (2007). The merit system and integrity in the public service. Paper No. 20. IDPM, University of Manchester.Google Scholar
McKinsey Global Institute. (2018). Outperformers: High-growth Emerging Economies and the Companies That Propel Them. McKinsey Global Institute.Google Scholar
Meyer-Sahling, J.-H. et al. (2018). Civil service management and corruption: What we know and what we don’t: 1–10. doi:10.1111/padm.12404Google Scholar
Meyer-Sahling, J.-H. et al. (2018a). Civil Service Management in Developing Countries: What Works? Evidence from a Survey with 23,000 Civil Servants in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America, Report Prepared for the UK Department for International Development. The University of Nottingham.Google Scholar
Meyer-Sahling, J.-H. et al. (2019). Civil Service Management in Bangladesh: Evidence from a Survey of more than 1,000 Civil Servants- Report Prepared Under British Academy – UK Department for International Development Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme. The University of Nottingham. http://christianschuster.net/2019.03.10.%20Bangladesh%20FOR%20PUBLICATION.pdfGoogle Scholar
Moniruzzaman, Md. (2019). Electoral Degitimacy Preventive Representation and Regularization of Authoritarian Democracy in Bangladesh. In Ryan, R.M. (Ed.), Elections: A Global Perspective. IntechOpen Limited, UK. Available at: www.intechopen.com/books/elections-a-global-perspectiveGoogle Scholar
Mostofa, S.M.D & Subedi, D.B. (2020). Rise of competitive authoritarianism in Bangladesh. Politics and Religion: 1–29. doi:10.1017/S1755048320000401Google Scholar
Mueller, H. (2015). Insulation or Patronage: Political Institutions and Bureaucratic Efficiency. BE Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 15(3): 961–996.Google Scholar
Nistotskaya, M. & Cingolani, L. (2016). Bureaucratic Structure, Regulatory Quality and Entrepreneurship in a Comparative Perspective: Cross-sectional and Panel Data Evidence. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 26(3): 519–534.Google Scholar
OECD. (2019). OECD recommendation on public service leadership and capability. OECD.Google Scholar
OECD. (2020). Civil service capacities in the SDG era. OECD. Available at: www.oecd.org/gov/pcsd/civil-service-capacities-in-the-sdg-era.pdfGoogle Scholar
Osman, F.A. (2010). Bangladesh Politics: Confrontation, Monopoly and Crisis in Governance. Asian Journal of Political Science, 18(3): 310–333.Google Scholar
Panizza, F., Conrado Ricardo Ramos Larraburu, C. R. R. & Scherlis, G. (2018). Unpacking Patronage: The Politics of Patronage Appointments in Argentina’s and Uruguay’s Central Public Administrations. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 10(3): 59–98.Google Scholar
Peters, B. G. (2023). Patronage in Asian political Systems: A Framework for Research. In Peters, B.G. Kim, B., & Knox, C. (Eds). Political Patronage in Asian Public Administration. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Peters, B.G. & Pierre, J. (2004). Politicization of the Civil Service in Comparative Perspective: The Quest for Control. Routledge.Google Scholar
Peters, B.G. (2013). Politicisation: What Is It and Why Should We Care? In Neuhold, C. et al. (Eds). Civil Servants and Politics: A Delicate Balance (pp. 12–24). Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Quaresima, F. (2019). Patronage appointments between politics and public governance: A review. MPRA Paper No. 94650. Available at: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/94650/Google Scholar
Quibria, M.G. (2019). Bangladesh’s Road to Long-term Economic Prosperity: Risks and Challenges. Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Rahman, M.M. (2018.) Development Agenda and Donor Influence in South Asia: Bangladesh’s Experiences in the PRSP Regime. Routledge.Google Scholar
Rahman, M.M. & Quadir, F. (2018). The Civil Service’s “Fast Food Approach” to Development Policymaking in Bangladesh: Critique and Agenda for Reform. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 40(3): 159–174.Google Scholar
Raihan & Bourguignon. (2020). An institutional diagnostic of Bangladesh: Introduction. Bangladesh Institutional Diagnostic Working Paper 20/BDID (01). Economic Development & Institutions, Oxford Policy Management.Google Scholar
Riaz, A. (2019). Voting in a Hybrid Regime: Explaining the 2018 Bangladeshi Election. Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Riaz, A. (2020): The pathway of democratic backsliding in Bangladesh. Democratization. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1818069Google Scholar
Riaz, A. & Parvez, S. (2021). Anatomy of a rigged election in a hybrid regime: The lessons from Bangladesh. Democratization. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1867110Google Scholar
Rouban, L. (2015). Political-administrative Relations: Evolving Models of Politicization. In Meer, F.M. van der et al. (Eds). Comparative Civil Service Systems in the Twenty-first Century (pp. 317–333). Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Sarker, A.E. & Zafarullah, H. (2019). Political Settlements and Bureaucratic Reforms: An Exploratory Analysis Focusing on Bangladesh. Journal of Asian and African Studies: 1–19. doi:10.1177/0021909619871584Google Scholar
Staronova, K. & Rybář, M. (2020). Personal or Party Roots of Civil Service Patronage? Ministerial Change Effects on the Appointments of Top Civil Servants. Administration & Society, 1–29.Google Scholar
UNDP. (2013). Human Development Report 2013– the Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World. UNDP.Google Scholar
UNDP GCPSE. (2015). The SDGs and new public passion: What really motivates the civil service? UNDP GCPSE.Google Scholar
UNDP GCPSE. (2018). Public service 2030: Making the sustainable development goals happen. UNDP GCPSE.Google Scholar
UN CEPA. (2019). 2019 HLPF review of SDG implementation: SDG 16 – Promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, providing access to justice for all, and building effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels. Background note. Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/23672BN_SDG16_LV.pdfGoogle Scholar
Wasif, F. (2020). Ghosts of ‘Begumpara’ and the future of Bangladesh. Available at: https://en.prothomalo.com/opinion/op-ed/ghosts-of-begumpara-and-the-future-of-bangladeshGoogle Scholar
World Bank. (1993). East Asian miracle: Economic growth and public policy. World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. (1997). World Development Report 1997: The state in a changing world. World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. (2008). The growth report: Strategies for sustained growth and inclusive development. World Bank.Google Scholar
Xu, G. (2017). The costs of patronage: Evidence from the British Empire. S-89333-CCN-1, International Growth Centre (IGC).Google Scholar
Zafarullah, H. & Rahman, R. (2008). The Impaired State: Assessing State Capacity and Governance in Bangladesh. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 21(7): 739–752.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×