Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T22:46:12.114Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

7 - Loyalty or Expertise? The Practice of Political Patronage in Taiwan

from Part II - Two-Party/Multi-Party Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2023

By
Tong-yi Huang  and
Zong-xian Huang
Edited by
B. Guy Peters ,
Colin Knox  and
Byeong Seob Kim
B. Guy Peters
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Colin Knox
Affiliation:
Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan
Byeong Seob Kim
Affiliation:
Seoul National University
Get access

Summary

This chapter uses Taiwan’s case to address the following questions: What context constitutes the practice of patronage in Taiwan? What are the strategies for patronage appointments? With literature review, secondary resources, and in-depth interview data, the authors indicate that Taiwans patronage appointments are highly tangled with the history of democratization and a solid civil service system. Therefore, the elements of loyalty and expertise coexist in the practice of Taiwans patronage appointments. In addition, the authors also embed Taiwans case into the unified framework of patronage appointments, analyzing the observed types of patronage and potential explanatory factors. This chapter could provide useful insights for further comparative research when it comes to exploring the differences and similarities between Asian countries political patronage issues.

Keywords

Political PatronagePolitical AppointmentPolitical ElitePolitics–Administration NexusTaiwan
Type
Chapter
Information
Political Patronage in Asian Bureaucracies , pp. 154 - 182
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aberbach, J.D. and Rockman, B.A., 2009. The Appointments Process and the Administrative Presidency. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 39 (1), 38–59.Google Scholar
Askim, J., Karlsen, R., and Kolltveit, K., 2017. Political Appointees in Executive Government: Exploring and Explaining Roles using a Large-N survey in Norway. Public Administration, 95 (2), 342–358.Google Scholar
Bearfield, D.A., 2009. What Is Patronage? A Critical Reexamination. Public Administration Review, 69 (1), 64–76.Google Scholar
Chang, T.-C., 2008. The Political Logic of Economic Liberalization in Taiwan: The Transformation of Party-state Capitalism and the Reconstruction of State-business Relations. Taiwan Political Science Reviews, 12 (1), 101–145. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Chen, D.-Y., 2012. Democratic Governance: An Institutional Reconciliation of Public Administration and Democracy. Taipei: WuNan Book Inc. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Chen, M. and Chu, Y., 1992. Regional Oligopoly, Local Factions, and Provincial Assembly Elections. Proceedings of the National Science Council, 2 (1), 77–97.Google Scholar
Cheng, L. and White, L., 1990. Elite Transformation and Modern Change in Mainland China and Taiwan: Empirical Data and the Theory of Technocracy. The China Quarterly, 121, 1–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, T.-J., 1989. Democratizing the Quasi-Leninist Regime in Taiwan. World Politics, 41 (4), 471–499.Google Scholar
Chiu, Y.-C. and Hsu, Y.-M., 2004. “New” Government, “Old” Bureaucracy: Regime Turnover and Mobility of Administrative Elites. Journal of Public Administration, 12, 1–40. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Cohen, J.E., 1986. On the Tenure of Appointive Political Executives: The American Cabinet, 1952–1984. American Journal of Political Science, 30 (3), 507–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, C.A., 2021. Politicization of the Bureaucracy across and within Administrative Traditions. International Journal of Public Administration, 44 (7), 564–577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duverger, M., 1980. A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government. European Journal of Political Research, 8 (2), 165–187.Google Scholar
Flinders, M. and Matthews, F., 2010. Think Again: Patronage, Governance and the Smarter State. Policy & Politics, 38 (4), 639–656.Google Scholar
Hahm, S.D., Jung, K., and Lee, S.Y., 2013. Exploring the Determinants of the Entry and Exit of Ministers in Korea: 1980–2008. Governance, 26 (4), 657–675.Google Scholar
Hao, P.-C., 2013. The Evolution of Semi-presidentialism: Presidentialization and Cabinet Instability. Issue & Studies, 52 (1), 101–141.Google Scholar
Hart, P. ’t and Wille, A., 2006. Ministers and Top Officials in the Dutch Core Executive: Living Together, Growing Apart? Public Administration, 84 (1), 121–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollibaugh, G.E., Horton, G., and Lewis, D.E., 2014. Presidents and Patronage. American Journal of Political Science, 58 (4), 1024–1042.Google Scholar
Hsu, Y.-M. and Chen, H.-C., 2004. Local Factions and the Kuomintang: Decline or Deepening Crisis? Taiwanese Sociology, 8, 193–228. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Hsu, Y.-M. and Chen, H.-C., 2007. Intra-party Factional Competition and the Fate of the Party Election: A Case Study of the Democratic Progressive Party. Political Science Review, 31, 129–174. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Hu, L.-T., 2007. A Comparison on Administrative Elites’ Mobility before and after Party Alternation in Taiwan. National Elite, 3 (4), 31–42. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Huang, C.-H. and Chen, D.-Y., 2018. The Interaction between Political Appointees and Career Officials: A Study of Bureaucrats’ Tolerance of Politics in Taiwan. Soochow Journal of Political Science, 36 (2), 1–64. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Huang, T.-Y., 2013. From Value Difference to Partnership: the Interactive Management between Political Appointees and Bureaucrats. Taipei, Taiwan: WuNan Book Inc. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Huang, T.-Y., Chen, D.-Y., and Yu, C., 2005. The Political Attitudes of Public Managers in Taiwan. The Chinese Public Administration Review, 14 (2), 1–32.Google Scholar
Huang, T.-Y. and Huang, Z.-X., 2020. New Problems, Old Paradoxes? Assessing the Dual-track System of Third-Level Agency Heads’ Appointments. Soochow Journal of Political Science, 38 (2), 1–54. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Hung, M.-J., 2020. The Development and Impacts of the Politicization of Civil Service System: With Reference to the U.K. Case. Journal of Public Administration, 59, 31–65. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Jan, C.-Y., 2017. History and Context of Public Administration in Taiwan. In: Berman, E.M., ed. Public Administration in East Asia: Mainland China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 497–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kopecký, P., Mair, P., and Spirova, M., 2014. Party Patronage and Party Government in European Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kopecký, P., Sahling, J.-H.M., Panizza, F., Scherlis, G., Schuster, C., and Spirova, M., 2016. Party Patronage in Contemporary Democracies: Results from an Expert Survey in 22 Countries from Five Regions. European Journal of Political Research, 55 (2), 416–431.Google Scholar
Lee, D.S., 2018. Portfolio Allocation as the President’s Calculations: Loyalty, Copartisanship, and Political Context in South Korea. Journal of East Asian Studies, 18 (3), 345–365.Google Scholar
Lewis, D.E., 2009. Revisiting the Administrative Presidency: Policy, Patronage, and Agency Competence. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 39 (1), 60–73.Google Scholar
Mansergh, L. and Thomson, R., 2007. Election Pledges, Party Competition, and Policymaking. Comparative Politics, 39 (3), 311–329.Google Scholar
Martínez-Gallardo, C. and Schleiter, P., 2015. Choosing Whom to Trust: Agency Risks and Cabinet Partisanship in Presidential Democracies. Comparative Political Studies, 48 (2), 231–264.Google Scholar
Moe, T.M., 1985. The Politicized Presidency. In: Chubb, J.E. and Peterson, P.E., eds. The New Direction in American politics. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 235–272.Google Scholar
Moynihan, D.P. and Wilson, J.Q., 1964. Patronage in New York State, 1955–1959. The American Political Science Review, 58 (2), 286–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nathan, R.P., 1983. The Administrative Presidency. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Neto, O.A., 2006. The Presidential Calculus: Executive Policy Making and Cabinet Formation in the Americas. Comparative Political Studies, 39 (4), 415–440.Google Scholar
Neto, O.A. and Samuels, D., 2010. Democratic Regimes and Cabinet Politics: a Global Perspective. Revista Ibero-Americana de Estudos Legislativos, 1 (1), 10–23.Google Scholar
Panizza, F., Peters, B.G., and Larraburu, C.R.R., 2019. Roles, Trust and Skills: A Typology of Patronage Appointments. Public Administration, 97 (1), 147–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, B.G. and Pierre, J., 2004. The Politicization of the Civil Service in Comparative Perspective: A Quest for Control. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Petrovsky, N., James, O., Moseley, A., and Boyne, G.A., 2017. What Explains Agency Heads’ Length of Tenure? Testing Managerial Background, Performance, and Political Environment Effects. Public Administration Review, 77 (4), 591–602.Google Scholar
Resh, W.G., 2015. Rethinking the Administrative Presidency: Trust, Intellectual Capital, and Appointee-Careerist Relations in the George W. Bush Administration. Baltimore: JHU Press.Google Scholar
Rudalevige, A., 2009. The Administrative Presidency and Bureaucratic Control: Implementing a Research Agenda. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 39 (1), 10–24.Google Scholar
Shen, Y., 2012. Comparative Research on the “Power Presidentialization” of Semi-Presidentialism. Taiwan Democracy Quarterly, 9 (4), 1–36. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Shen, Y., 2014. Government Type and Dual Executive System under the Semi-Presidentialism: Comparative Study of Taiwan and Romania. Taiwan Democracy Quarterly, 11 (3), 41–82. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Sorauf, F.J., 1956. State Patronage in a Rural County. The American Political Science Review, 50 (4), 1046–1056.Google Scholar
Sorauf, F.J., 1960. The Silent Revolution in Patronage. Public Administration Review, 20 (1), 28–34.Google Scholar
Su, T.-T., 2017. Civil Service Reforms in Taiwan. In: Berman, E.M., ed. Public Administration in East Asia: Mainland China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 609–626.Google Scholar
Tsai, H.-C., 2012. Taiwan’s Democratic Governance: Interaction between Political Appointees and Bureaucrats. Taipei: Taiwan Brain Trust. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Tzelgov, E. and Wang, Y.-T., 2016. Party Ideology and Clientelistic Linkage. Electoral Studies, 44, 374–387.Google Scholar
Wang, C.-S., 2006. Judicial Independence Reform and the Breakdown of the Kuomintang Clientelism in Taiwan. The Taiwanese Political Science Review, 10 (1), 103–162. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Wang, C.-S., 2007. The Openness of Political Market and the Breakdown of Local Factions. Journal of Electoral Studies, 14 (2), 25–51. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Wang, C.-S. and Kurzman, C., 2007. Dilemmas of Electoral Clientelism: Taiwan, 1993. International Political Science Review, 28 (2), 225–245.Google Scholar
Wang, F., 1994. The Political Economy of Authoritarian Clientelism in Taiwan. In: Roniger, L. and Güneş-Ayata, A., eds. Democracy, Clientelism, and Civil Society. London: Lynne Rienner, 181–206.Google Scholar
Waterman, R.W. and Ouyang, Y., 2020. Rethinking Loyalty and Competence in Presidential Appointments. Public Administration Review, 80 (5), 717–732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weingrod, A., 1968. Patrons, Patronage, and Political Parties. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 10 (4), 377–400.Google Scholar
Wilson, J.Q., 1961. The Economy of Patronage. Journal of Political Economy, 69 (4), 369–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Y.-S., 2014. Comparing Development Models in Mainland China and Taiwan: A Macro Analytical Framework. In: Leng, Tse-Kang and Wu, Yu-Shan, eds. Chinese Models of Development: Global, Local, and Comparative Perspectives. 165–187.Google Scholar
Yu, C., 2016. Democracy and Administration: The Impact and Influence of Party Alternation on Civil Service. Journal of Civil Service, 8 (3), 1–20. (In Chinese)Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×