Book contents
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The maternal and placental origins of chronic disease
- 3 Pre- and periconceptual health and the HPA axis
- 4 Nutrition and preimplantation development
- 5 Maternofetal transport pathways during embryogenesis and organogenesis
- 6 Imprinted genes and placental growth
- 7 Genomic imprinting
- 8 Trophoblast invasion and uterine artery remodelling in primates
- 9 The role of the maternal immune response in fetal programming
- 10 Clinical causes and aspects of placental insufficiency
- 11 Uterine blood flow as a determinant of fetoplacental development
- 12 Placental amino acid transporters
- 13 The maternal circulation and placental shape
- 14 Glucocorticoids and placental programming
- 15 Clinical biomarkers of placental development
- 16 The placental roots of cardiovascular disease
- 17 Placental function and later risk of osteoporosis
- 18 Final general discussion
- 19 The placenta and developmental programming
- Index
19 - The placenta and developmental programming
Some reflections
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 February 2011
Book contents
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The maternal and placental origins of chronic disease
- 3 Pre- and periconceptual health and the HPA axis
- 4 Nutrition and preimplantation development
- 5 Maternofetal transport pathways during embryogenesis and organogenesis
- 6 Imprinted genes and placental growth
- 7 Genomic imprinting
- 8 Trophoblast invasion and uterine artery remodelling in primates
- 9 The role of the maternal immune response in fetal programming
- 10 Clinical causes and aspects of placental insufficiency
- 11 Uterine blood flow as a determinant of fetoplacental development
- 12 Placental amino acid transporters
- 13 The maternal circulation and placental shape
- 14 Glucocorticoids and placental programming
- 15 Clinical biomarkers of placental development
- 16 The placental roots of cardiovascular disease
- 17 Placental function and later risk of osteoporosis
- 18 Final general discussion
- 19 The placenta and developmental programming
- Index
Summary
The concept of developmental programming of future health has had a galvanizing impact on thinking, both by those concerned with the aetiology of disease in adult life and its impact on future global human health, and by those interested in developmental biological mechanisms. There is strong evidence of long-term programming taking place in the neonatal period in the marked inverse relationship between neonatal microbial exposure and later airways hyper-reactivity. There is extensive evidence that normally grown substantially preterm fetuses have a life course very different from their intrauterine contemporaries; thus they are programmed differently following early expulsion from the uterus. The roots of the developmental programming paradigm lie in medical epidemiology and in the impact of earlier environmental experiences. Programming provides ever more challenging questions, and some of the answers are beginning to emerge with regard to establishing the role of the placenta in this critical process.
- Type
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- Information
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming , pp. 233 - 235Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010