Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T10:44:26.699Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 May 2021

James Justus
Affiliation:
Florida State University
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Philosophy of Ecology
An Introduction
, pp. 182 - 205
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abele, L. and Connor, E. F. (1979), “Application of Island Biogeography Theory to Refuge Design: Making the Right Decision for the Wrong Reasons.” In Linn, R. M. (ed.), Proceedings of the First Conference on Scientific Research in National Parks. U.S.D.I. National Park Service Transactions and Proceedings. No. 5: 8994.Google Scholar
Abler, R. (1987), “What Shall We Say? To Whom Shall We Speak?Annals of the American Association of Geographers 77: 511524.Google Scholar
Abrams, P. (1983), “The Theory of Limiting Similarity.” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 14: 359376.Google Scholar
Ackery, P. R. and Vane-Wright, R. I. (1984), Milkweed Butterflies. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Adler, M. and Fleurbaey, M. (eds.), (2016), Oxford Handbook of Wellbeing and Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, J. and Skyrms, B. (1999), “Bargaining with Neighbors: Is Justice Contagious?Journal of Philosophy 96: 588598.Google Scholar
Ankeny, R. (2001), “Model Organisms as Cases: Understanding the Lingua Franca at the Heart of the Human Genome Project.” Philosophy of Science 68(3 Suppl.), s251s261.Google Scholar
Ankeny, R. and Leonelli, S. (2011), “What’s so Special about Model Organisms?” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 42: 313323.Google Scholar
Arthur, W. (1990), The Green Machine: Ecology and the Balance of Nature. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Auerbach, S. I. (1972), “Ecology, Ecologists, and the ESA.” Ecology 53: 205207.Google Scholar
Azzouni, J. (2004), Deflating Existential Consequence. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bausman, W. (2018), “Modeling: Neutral, Null, and Baseline.” Philosophy of Science 85: 594616.Google Scholar
Beatty, J. (1995), “The Evolutionary Contingency Thesis.” In Wolters, G. and Lennox, J. (eds.), Concepts, Theories, and Rationality in the Biological Sciences. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, pp. 4981.Google Scholar
Beatty, J. (2006), “Replaying Life’s Tape.” Journal of Philosophy 103: 336362.Google Scholar
Beissinger, S. R. and McCullough, D. R. (eds.) (2002),  Population Viability Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bensaude-Vincent, B. and Stengers, I. (1996), A History of Chemistry. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bird, A. (2007), “What Is Scientific Progress?Nous 41: 6489.Google Scholar
Boltovskoy, D.; Sylvester, F.; and Paolucci, E. (2018), “Invasive Species Denialism: Sorting Out Facts, Beliefs, and Definitions.” Ecology and Evolution 8: 1119011198.Google Scholar
Bormann, F. H. (1971), “President’s Report.” Bulletin of the ESA 52: 14.Google Scholar
Bowler, P. (1976), “Malthus, Darwin, and the Concept of Struggle.” Journal of the History of Ideas 37: 631650.Google Scholar
Boyce, M. (1992), “Population Viability Analysis.” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23: 481497.Google Scholar
Brown, D.; Ribic, C.; Donner, D.; Nelson, M.; Bocetti, C.; and Deloria-Sheffield, C. (2017), “Using a Full Annual Cycle Model to Evaluate Long-Term Population Viability of the Conservation-Reliant Kirtland’s Warbler after Successful Recovery.” Journal of Applied Ecology 54: 439449.Google Scholar
Brun, G. (2016), “Explication as a Method of Conceptual Re-engineering.” Erkenntnis 81: 12111241.Google Scholar
Budiansky, S. (1995), Nature’s Keepers: The New Science of Nature Management. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Burley, F. W. (1988), “Monitoring Biological Diversity for Setting Conservation Priorities.” In Wilson, E. O. (ed.), Biodiversity. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, pp. 277230.Google Scholar
Busby, J. R. (1991), “BIOCLIM – A Bioclimatic Analysis and Prediction System.” In Margules, C. and Austin, M. P. (eds.), Nature Conservation: Cost-Effective Biological Surveys and Data Analysis. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty & Sons, pp. 6467.Google Scholar
Carnap, R. (1962), The Logical Foundations of Probability. 2nd edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Carrier, M.; Howard, D.; and Kourany, J. (eds.) (2008), The Challenge of the Social and the Pressure of Practice. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Caughley, G. (1994), “Directions in Conservation Biology.” The Journal of Animal Ecology 63: 215244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chalmers, D. (1997), The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Chandrasekharan, S. and Nersessian, N. (2015), “Building Cognition: The Construction of Computational Representations for Scientific Discovery.” Cognitive Science 39: 17271763.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapin, F. III; Matson, P.; and Vitousek, P. (2011), Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Chapman, R. and Wylie, A. (2016), Evidential Reasoning in Archeology. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.Google Scholar
Chase, J. and Leibold, M. (2003), Ecological Niches: Linking Classical and Contemporary Approaches. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Churchman, C. W. (1948), Theory of Experimental Inference. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Churchman, C. W. (1956), “Science and Decision Making.” Philosophy of Science 23: 247249.Google Scholar
Clark, J. (2005), “Why Environmental Scientists Are Becoming Bayesians.” Ecology Letters 8: 214.Google Scholar
Clements, F. E. (1916), Plant Succession: An Analysis of the Development of Vegetation. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institute of Washington.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cocks, K. D. and Baird, I. A. (1989), “Using Mathematical Programming to Address the Multiple Reserve Selection Problem: An Example from the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia.” Biological Conservation 49: 113130.Google Scholar
Cocks, K. D. and Ive, J. R. (1988), “Evaluating a Computer Package for Planning Public Lands in New South Wales.” Journal of Environmental Management 26: 249260.Google Scholar
Cocks, K. D.; Ive, J. R.; Davis, J. R.; and Baird, I. A. (1983), “SIRO-PLAN and LUPLAN: An Australian Approach to Land Use Planning. 1. The SIRO-PLAN Land Use Planning Method.” Environment and Planning B 10: 331345.Google Scholar
Colinvaux, P. (1979), Why Big Fierce Animals Are Rare: An Ecologist’s Perspective. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Colwell, R. (1992), “Niche: A Bifurcation in the Conceptual Lineage of the Term.” In Keller, E. F. and Lloyd, E. S. (eds.), Key Words in Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 241248.Google Scholar
Connor, E. and McCoy, E. (1979), “The Statistics and Biology of the Species–Area Relationship.” American Naturalist 113: 791833.Google Scholar
Cooper, G. (2003), The Science of the Struggle for Existence: On the Foundations of Ecology. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Coyne, J. and Allen, H. (2004), Speciation. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Crowcroft, P. (1991), Elton’s Ecologists: A History of the Bureau of Animal Population. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Csuti, B. (1994), “Gap Analysis: Mapping Biodiversity for Conservation and Management.” Endangered Species Update 11: 14.Google Scholar
Cummins, R. (1975), “Functional Analysis.” Journal of Philosophy 75: 741765.Google Scholar
Cummins, R. (1996), Representations, Targets, and Attitudes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Currie, A. (2018), Rock, Bone, and Ruin: An Optimist’s Guide to the Historical Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1859), On the Origin of the Species. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Davis, F. W.; Davis, D. M.; Stoms, J. E.; Estes, J. E.; Scepan, J.; and Scott, J. M. (1990), “An Information Systems Approach to the Preservation of Biological Diversity.” International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 4: 5578.Google Scholar
Davis, M. and Shaw, R. (2001), “Range Shifts and Adaptive Responses to Quaternary Climate Change.” Science 292: 673679.Google Scholar
DeAngelis, D. and Waterhouse, J. (1987), “Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Concepts in Ecological Models.” Ecological Monographs 57: 121.Google Scholar
Dejardins, E. (2015), “Historicity and Ecological Restoration.” Biology and Philosophy 30: 7798.Google Scholar
Diamond, J. (1975), “The Island Dilemma: Lessons of Modern Biogeographic Studies for the Design of Natural Reserves.” Biological Conservation 7: 129146.Google Scholar
Diamond, J. (1976), “Island Biogeography and Conservation: Strategy and Limitations.” Science 193: 10271029.Google Scholar
Diamond, J. and May, R. (1976), “Island Biogeography and the Design of Natural Reserves.” In May, R. (ed.), Theoretical Ecology: Principles and Applications. New York: Blackwell, pp. 163186.Google Scholar
Dietrich, M. (1998), “Paradox and Persuasion: Negotiating the Place of Molecular Evolution within Evolutionary Biology.” Journal of the History of Biology 31: 85111.Google Scholar
Dijksterhuis, E. (1961), The Mechanization of the World Picture. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dobzhansky, T. (1964), “Biology, Molecular and Organismic.” American Zoologist 4: 443452.Google Scholar
Dobzhansky, T. (1973), “Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution.” American Biology Teacher 35: 125129.Google Scholar
Dodds, P.; Rothman, D.; and Weitz, J. (2001), “Re-examination of the ‘3/4-law’ of Metabolism.” Journal of Theoretical Biology 209: 927.Google Scholar
Douglas, H. (2000), “Inductive Risk and Values in Science.” Philosophy of Science 67: 559579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, H. (2005), “Boundaries between Science and Policy: Descriptive Difficulty and Normative Desirability.” Environmental Philosophy 2: 1429.Google Scholar
Douglas, H. (2007), “Rejecting the Ideal of Value-Free Science.” In Kincaid, H., Dupré, J., and Wylie, A. (eds.), Value-Free Science? Ideals and Illusions. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 120139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, H. (2009), Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Downes, S. and Matthews, L. (2019), “Heritability.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2019 edition), E. N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/heredity/.Google Scholar
Drake, J.; Fuller, M.; Zimmerman, C.; and Gamarra, J. (2007), “Emergence in Ecological Systems.” In Rooney, N., McCann, K., and Noakes, D. (eds.), From Energetics to Ecosystems: The Dynamics and Structure of Ecological Systems. New York: Springer, pp. 157184.Google Scholar
Dritschilo, W. (2008), “Bringing Statistical Methods to Community and Evolutionary Ecology: Daniel S. Simberloff.” In Harman, O. and Dietrich, M. R. (eds.), Rebels, Mavericks, and Heretics in Biology. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, pp. 356371.Google Scholar
Dupré, J. (2007), “Fact and Value.” In Kincaid, H., Dupré, J., and Wylie, A. (eds.), Value-Free Science? Ideals and Illusions. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 2741.Google Scholar
Dussault, A. (2018), “Functional Ecology’s Non-selectionist Understanding of Function.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C 70: 19.Google Scholar
Dyer, L. A. and Coley, P. D. (2001), “Latitudinal Gradients in Tri-trophic Interactions.” In Tscharntke, T. and Hawkins, B. A. (eds.), Multitrophic Level Interactions. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 6788.Google Scholar
Earman, J. (1986), A Primer on Determinism. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Earman, J. (1992), Bayes or Bust? A Critical Examination of Bayesian Confirmation Theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Earman, J.; Glymour, C.; and Mitchell, S. (eds.), (2002), Ceteris Paribus Laws. Dordrecht: Kluwer.Google Scholar
Eberhardt, L. L. (1969), “Some Aspects of Species Diversity Models.” Ecology 50: 503505.Google Scholar
Egerton, F. (1973), “Changing Concepts of the Balance of Nature.” Quarterly Review of Biology 48: 322350.Google Scholar
Ehrenfeld, D. (1976), “The Conservation of Non-Resources.” American Scientist 64: 648656.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, P. and Ehrlich, A. (1981), Extinction. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Eklund, M. (2011), “What Are Thick Concepts?Canadian Journal of Philosophy 41: 2550.Google Scholar
Elgin, M. (2006), “There May Be Strict Empirical Laws in Biology, after All.Biology and Philosophy 21: 119134.Google Scholar
Eliot, C. (2011a), “The Legend of Order and Chaos: Communities and Early Community Ecology.” In de Laplante, K., Brown, B., and Peacocke, K. (eds.), Handbook of the Philosophy of Science, vol. 11: Philosophy of Ecology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 49108.Google Scholar
Eliot, C. (2011b), “Competition Theory and Channeling Explanation.” Philosophy & Theory in Biology 3: 116.Google Scholar
Elliott, K. (2011), Is a Little Pollution Good for You? Incorporating Societal Values in Environmental Research. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Elliott, K. (2017), A Tapestry of Values: An Introduction to Values in Science. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Elliott, K. and Richards, T. (eds.) (2017), Exploring Inductive Risk: Case Studies of Values in Science. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Elliott-Graves, A. (2016), “The Problem of Prediction in Invasion Biology.” Biology and Philosophy 31: 373393.Google Scholar
Elliott-Graves, A. (2020), “The Value of Imprecise Prediction.” Philosophy, Theory, and Practice in Biology 12(4).Google Scholar
Ellison, A. (2004), “Bayesian Inference in Ecology.” Ecology Letters 7: 509520.Google Scholar
Elton, C. ([1927] 2001), Animal Ecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Elton, C. (1954), “An Ecological Textbook.” Journal of Animal Ecology 23: 282284.Google Scholar
Epstein, B. (2012), “Agent-Based Modeling and the Fallacies of Individualism.” In Humphreys, P. and Imbert, C. (eds.), Models, Simulations, and Representations. New York: Routledge, pp. 115144.Google Scholar
Ereshefsky, M. (2001), The Poverty of the Linnaean Hierarchy. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ferrier, S. (1988), Environmental Resource Mapping System (E-RMS), Users Manual for Version 1.2. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service.Google Scholar
Ferrier, S. (1990), “Applying GIS to Environmental Survey Design, Analysis and Extrapolation.” URPIS 18: 293301.Google Scholar
Ferrier, S. (1992), Development of a Predictive Modeling Module for E-RMS. New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service Report to the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service.Google Scholar
Ferrier, S. and Smith, A. (1990), “Using Geographical Information Systems for Biological Survey Design, Analysis and Extrapolation.” Australian Biologist 3: 105116.Google Scholar
Finkel, E. (1998a), “Software Helps Australia Manage Forest Debate.” Science 281: 17891791.Google Scholar
Finkel, E. (1998b), “Forest Pact Bypasses Computer Model.” Science 282: 19681969.Google Scholar
Fitelson, B. (1999), “The Plurality of Bayesian Measures of Confirmation and the Problem of Measure Sensitivity.” Philosophy of Science (Proceedings Supplement) 66: S362S378.Google Scholar
Fitelson, B. (2007), “Likelihoodism, Bayesianism, and Relational Confirmation.” Synthese 156: 473489.Google Scholar
Franklin, A. (2013), Shifting Standards: Experiments in Particle Physics in the Twentieth Century. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Fretwell, S. F. (1987), “Food Chain Dynamics: The Central Theory of Ecology?Oikos 50: 291301.Google Scholar
Gause, G. ([1934] 2019), The Struggle for Existence. Mineola, NY: Dover.Google Scholar
GerberL. and González-SuárezM. (2010), ”Population Viability Analysis: Origins and Contributions.” Nature Education Knowledge 3: 15.Google Scholar
Gibbard, A. (1992), Wise Choices, Apt Feelings: A Theory of Normative Judgment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gilbert, F. S. (1980), “The Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography: Fact or Fiction?Journal of Biogeography 7: 209235.Google Scholar
Gilpin, M. E. and Diamond, J. (1980), “Subdivision of Nature Reserves and the Maintenance of Species Diversity.” Nature 285: 567568.Google Scholar
Ginzburg, L. R. (1972), “The Analogies of the ‘Free Motion’ and ‘Force’ Concepts in Population Theory” (in Russian). In Ratner, V. A. (ed.), Studies on Theoretical Genetics. Novosibirsk: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, pp. 6585.Google Scholar
Ginzburg, L. R. (1986), “The Theory of Population Dynamics: I. Back to First Principles.” Journal of Theoretical Biology 122: 385399.Google Scholar
Ginzburg, L. R. and Colyvan, M. (2004), Ecological Orbits: How Planets Move and Populations Grow. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Glazier, D. (2006), “The 3/4-Power Law Is Not Universal: Evolution of Isometric, Ontogenetic Metabolic Scaling in Pelagic Animals.” BioScience 56: 325332.Google Scholar
Godfrey-Smith, P. (2006), “The Strategy of Model-Based Science.” Biology and Philosophy 21: 725740.Google Scholar
Godfrey-Smith, P. (2007), “Conditions for Evolution by Natural Selection.” Journal of Philosophy 104: 489516.Google Scholar
Godfrey-Smith, P. (2013), “On Being an Octopus: Diving Deep in Search of the Human Mind.” Boston Review (June 3), http://bostonreview.net/books-ideas/peter-godfrey-smith-being-octopus.Google Scholar
Godfrey-Smith, P. (2016), Other Minds: The Octopus, the Sea, and the Deep Origins of Consciousness. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Godfrey-Smith, P. (2019), “Evolving across the Explanatory Gap.” Philosophy, Theory, and Practice in Biology 11: 1.Google Scholar
Goh, B. S. (1977), “Global Stability in Many-Species Systems.” American Naturalist 111: 135143.Google Scholar
Gómez-Pompa, A.; Vázquez-Yanes, C.; and Guevera, S. (1972), “The Tropical Rain Forest: A Nonrenewable Resource.” Science 177: 762765.Google Scholar
Griesemer, J. (1990), “Material Models in Biology.” PSA Proceedings 2: 7993.Google Scholar
Griesemer, J. (1992), “Niche: Historical Perspectives.” In Keller, E. F. and Lloyd, E. S. (eds.), Key Words in Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 231240.Google Scholar
Grimm, V. and Railsback, S. (2005), Individual-Based Modeling and Ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Grinnell, J. (1904), “The Origin and Distribution of the Chestnut-Backed Chickadee.” The Auk 21: 375377.Google Scholar
Grinnell, J. (1917), “The Niche-Relationships of the California Thrasher.” The Auk 34: 427433.Google Scholar
Grinnell, J. (1924), “Geography and Evolution.” Ecology 5: 225229.Google Scholar
Gupta, A. (2015), “Definitions.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2019 edition), E. N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/definitions/.Google Scholar
Haeckel, E. (1866), General Morphology of Organisms. Berlin.Google Scholar
Hacking, I. (1979), “What Is Logic?Journal of Philosophy 76: 285319.Google Scholar
Hagen, J. (1989), “Research Perspectives and the Anomalous Status of Modern Ecology.” Biology and Philosophy 4: 433455.Google Scholar
Hagen, J. (1992), An Entangled Bank: The Origins of Ecosystem Ecology. Newark, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Haldane, J. B. S. (1924), “A Mathematical Theory of Natural and Artificial Selection: Part I.” Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 23: 1941.Google Scholar
Hale, B. and Wright, C. (2001), The Reason’s Proper Study: Essays towards a Neo-Fregean Philosophy of Mathematics. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hall, C. (1988), “The ‘Worthless Lands Hypothesis’ and Australia’s National Parks and Reserves.” In Frawley, K. J. and Semple, N. M. (eds.), Australia’s Ever Changing Forests. Canberra: Australian Defense Force Academy, Department of Geography and Oceanography, Special Publication Number 1.Google Scholar
Hallam, T. (1986), “Population Dynamics in a Homogeneous Environment.” In Hallam, T. and Levin, S. (eds.), Mathematical Ecology: An Introduction. New York: Springer, pp. 6194.Google Scholar
Hardin, G. (1960), “The Competitive Exclusion Principle.” Science 131: 12921297.Google Scholar
Harris, C. (1977), “Towards a Historical Perspective.” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australia 78: 5571.Google Scholar
Hastings, A. (1988), “Food Web Theory and Stability.” Ecology 69: 16651668.Google Scholar
Heath, J. (2015), “Methodological Individualism.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2015 edition), E. N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2015/entries/methodological-individualism/.Google Scholar
Hempel, P. (1966), Philosophy of Natural Science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Hendry, R.Needham, P.; and Woody, A. (eds.) (2011), Handbook of the Philosophy of Science, vol. 6: Philosophy of Chemistry. New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Herbold, B. and Moyle, P. (1986), “Introduced Species and Vacant Niches.” The American Naturalist 128: 751760.Google Scholar
Higgs, A. J. (1981), “Island Biogeography and Nature Reserve Design.” Journal of Biogeography 8: 117124.Google Scholar
Higgs, A. J. and Margules, C. (1980), “Reserve Area and Strategies for Nature Conservation.” In Hooper, M. D. (ed.), Proceedings of the Symposium on Area and Isolation. Cambridge: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology.Google Scholar
Higgs, A. J. and Usher, M. B. (1980), “Should Nature Reserves Be Large or Small?Nature 285: 568569.Google Scholar
Hinrichsen, D. and Pritchard, A. (2005), Mathematical Systems Theory I. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Hirsch, M. and Smale, S. (1974), Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems, and Linear Algebra. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hoover, K. (2010), “Idealizing Reduction: The Microfoundations of Macroeconomics.” Erkenntnis 73: 329347.Google Scholar
Horwich, P. (1998), Meaning. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hubbell, S. (2001), The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hurlbert, S. (1971), “The Nonconcept of Species Diversity: A Critique and Alternative Parameters.” Ecology 52: 577586.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. (1944), “Limnological Studies in Connecticut. Part 7. A Critical Examination of the Supposed Relationship between Phytoplankton Periodicity and Chemical Changes in Lake Waters.” Ecology 25: 326.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. (1957), “Concluding Remarks.” Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 22: 415427.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. (1959), “Homage to Santa Rosalia, or, Why Are There So Many Kinds of Animals?American Naturalist 93: 145159.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. (1961), “The Paradox of the Plankton.” American Naturalist 95: 137145.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. (1965), The Ecological Theater and the Evolutionary Play. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. (1978), An Introduction to Population Ecology. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (1980), World Conservation Strategy: Living Resource Conservation for Sustainable Development. Gland: IUCN.Google Scholar
Ismael, J. (2015), “Quantum Mechanics ” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2015 edition), E. N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2015/entries/qm/.Google Scholar
Ive, J. R. and Cocks, K. D. (1983), “SIRO-PLAN and LUPLAN: An Australian Approach to Land Use Planning. 2. The LUPLAN Land Use Planning Package.” Environment and Planning B 10: 347356.Google Scholar
Ive, J. R.; Davis, J. R.; and Cocks, K. D. (1985), “LUPLAN: A Computer Package to Support Inventory, Evaluation, and Allocation of Land Resources.” Soil Survey and Land Evaluation 5: 7787.Google Scholar
Jamieson, D. (2014), Reason in a Dark Time: Why the Struggle against Climate Change Failed – And What It Means for Our Future. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Janzen, D. (1970), “Herbivores and the Number of Tree Species in Tropical Forests.” The American Naturalist 104: 501528.Google Scholar
Janzen, D. (1986), “The Future of Tropical Ecology.” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 17: 305324.Google Scholar
Jeffrey, R. (1956), “Valuation and Acceptance of Scientific Hypotheses.” Philosophy of Science 33: 237246.Google Scholar
Justus, J. (2005), “Qualitative Scientific Modeling and Loop Analysis.” Philosophy of Science 72: 12721286.Google Scholar
Justus, J. (2006), “Loop Analysis and Qualitative Modeling: Limitations and Merits.” Biology and Philosophy 21: 647666.Google Scholar
Justus, J. (2008a), “Complexity, Diversity, Stability.” In Sarkar, S. and Plutynski, A. (eds.), A Companion to the Philosophy of Biology. Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 321350.Google Scholar
Justus, J. (2008b), “Ecological and Lyapunov Stability.” Philosophy of Science 75: 421436.Google Scholar
Justus, J. (2011), “A Case Study in Concept Determination: Ecological Diversity.” In de Laplante, K., Brown, B., and Peacock, K. (eds.), Handbook of the Philosophy of Science, vol. 11: Philosophy of Ecology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 147168.Google Scholar
Justus, J. (2012a), “The Elusive Basis of Inferential Robustness.” Philosophy of Science 79: 795807.Google Scholar
Justus, J. (2012b), “Carnap on Concept Determination: Methodology for Philosophy of Science.” European Journal for Philosophy of Science 2: 161179.Google Scholar
Justus, J. (2013), “Philosophical Issues in Ecology.” In Kampourakis, K. (ed.), Philosophy of Biology: A Companion for Educators. New York: Springer, pp. 343371.Google Scholar
Justus, J. (2014), “Methodological Individualism in Ecology.” Philosophy of Science 81: 770784.Google Scholar
Justus, J. (2019), “Ecology and the Superfluous Niche.” Philosophical Topics 47: 105123.Google Scholar
Justus, J. and Sarkar, S. (2002), “The Principle of Complementarity in the Design of Reserve Networks to Conserve Biodiversity: A Preliminary History.” Journal of Biosciences 27: 421435.Google Scholar
Justus, J.; Colyvan, M.; Regan, H.; and Maguire, L. (2009a), “Buying into Conservation: Intrinsic versus Instrumental Value.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24: 187191.Google Scholar
Justus, J.; Colyvan, M.; Regan, H.; and Maguire, L. (2009b), “Response to Sagoff.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24: 644.Google Scholar
Kahneman, D. and Tversky, A. (eds.) (2000), Choices, Values, and Frames. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kangas, P. C. (1986), “A Method for Predicting Extinction Rates Due to Deforestation in Tropical Life Zones.” Abstract. In International Congress of Ecology Meeting Program. Ithaca, NY: Ecological Society of America, p. 194.Google Scholar
Kepler, C. B. and Scott, J. M. (1985), “Conservation of Island Ecosystems.” In Moors, P. J. (ed.), Conservation of Island Birds. Norwich: Paston Press, pp. 255271.Google Scholar
Kerferd, G. B. (1981), The Sophistic Movement. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kim, J. (1998), Mind in a Physical World: An Essay on the Mind–Body Problem and Mental Causation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Kimura, M. (1983), The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kincaid, H. (1997), Individualism and the Unity of Science. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Kincaid, H. (2004), “Methodological Individualism and Economics.” In Davis, J., Marciano, A., and Runde, J. (eds.), The Elgar Companion to Economics and Philosophy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 299314.Google Scholar
Kincaid, H. and Ross, D. (eds.) (2017), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Economics. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kincaid, H.; Dupré, J.; and Wylie, A. (eds.) (2007), Value Free Science: Ideal or Illusion? New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kindlmann, P. (2007), “Inverse Latitudinal Gradients in Species Diversity.” In Storch, D. and Marquet, P. A. (eds.), Scaling Biodiversity. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 246257.Google Scholar
Kingsland, S. (1995), Modeling Nature: Episodes in the History of Population Ecology. 2nd edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kingsland, S. (2002a), “Creating a Science of Nature Reserve Design: Perspectives from History.” Environmental Modeling and Assessment 7 : 6169.Google Scholar
Kingsland, S. (2002b), “Designing Nature Reserves: Adapting Ecology to Real-World Problems.” Endeavor 26: 914.Google Scholar
Kirkpatrick, J. (1983), “An Iterative Method for Establishing Priorities for the Selection of Nature Reserves: An Example from Tasmania.” Biological Conservation 25: 127134.Google Scholar
Kirkpatrick, J.; Brown, M. J.; and Moscal, A. (1980), Threatened Plants of the Tasmanian Central East Coast. Hobart: Tasmanian Conservation Trust.Google Scholar
Kleiber, M. (1932), “Body Size and Metabolism.” Hilgardia 6: 315353.Google Scholar
Koertge, N. (ed.) (2005), Scientific Values and Civic Virtues. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kohn, D. (2009), “Darwin’s Keystone: The Principle of Divergence.” In Ruse, M. and Richards, R. (eds.), Cambridge Companion to the “Origin of Species. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 87108.Google Scholar
Kot, M. (2001), Elements of Mathematical Ecology. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Krebs, C. (1989), Ecological Methodology. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Krebs, C. (2001), Ecology. New York: Benjamin Cummings.Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. (1962), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. (1977), The Essential Tension. Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kushlan, J. A. (1979), “Design and Management of Continental Wildlife Reserves: Lessons from the Everglades.” Biological Conservation 15: 281290.Google Scholar
Lack, D. (1954), The Natural Regulation of Animal Numbers. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lande, R. (1988), “Demographic Models of the Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina).” Oecologia 75: 601607.Google Scholar
Lande, R. (1996), “Statistics and Partitioning of Species Diversity, and Similarity among Multiple Communities.” Oikos 76: 513.Google Scholar
Lange, M. (2005), “Ecological Laws: What Would They Be and Why Would They Matter?Oikos 110: 394403.Google Scholar
Lawton, J. (1982), “Vacant Niches and Unsaturated Communities: A Comparison of Bracken Herbivores at Sites on Two Continents.” Journal of Animal Ecology 51: 573595.Google Scholar
Lawton, J. (1984), “Non-competitive Populations, Non-convergent Communities, and Vacant Niches: The Herbivores of Bracken.” In Strong, D., Simberloff, D., Abele, L., and Thistle, A. (eds.), Ecological Communities: Conceptual Issues and the Evidence. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 67101.Google Scholar
Lawton, J. (1999), “Are There General Laws in Ecology?Oikos 84: 177192.Google Scholar
Levi, I. (1960), “Must the Scientist Make Value Judgments?Journal of Philosophy 58: 345357.Google Scholar
Levi, I. (1962), “On the Seriousness of Mistakes.” Philosophy of Science 29: 4765.Google Scholar
Levins, R., and Lewontin, R. (1985), The Dialectical Biologist. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. (1969), “The Meaning of Stability.” In Woodwell, G. and Smith, H. (eds.), Diversity and Stability in Ecological Systems. Brookhaven, NY: Brookhaven Laboratory, Publication No. 22, pp. 1324.Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. (1970), “The Units of Selection.” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1: 118.Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. (1972), “The Apportionment of Human Diversity.” Evolutionary Biology 6: 381398.Google Scholar
Linquist, S (2008), “But Is It Progress? On the Alleged Advances of Conservation Biology over Ecology.” Biology and Philosophy 23: 529544.Google Scholar
Logofet, D. (1993), Matrices and Graphs: Stability Problems in Mathematical Ecology. Ann Arbor, MI: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Łomnicki, A. (1978), “Individual Differences between Animals and the Natural Regulation of Their Numbers.” Journal of Animal Ecology 47: 461475.Google Scholar
Longino, H. (1996), “Cognitive and Non-cognitive Values in Science: Rethinking the Dichotomy.” In Nelson, L. H. and Nelson, J. (eds.), Feminism, Science, and the Philosophy of Science. New York: Kluwer, pp. 3958.Google Scholar
Lookwood, D. (2008), “When Logic Fails Ecology.” Quarterly Review of Biology 83: 5764.Google Scholar
Loreau, M. (2010), From Populations to Ecosystems: Theoretical Foundations for a New Ecological Synthesis. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Lotka, A. (1932), “The Growth of Mixed Populations: Two Species Competing for a Common Food Supply.” Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 22: 461469.Google Scholar
Lyapunov, A. ([1892], 1992), The General Problem of the Stability of Motion. London: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
MacArthur, R. (1955), “Fluctuations of Animal Populations, and a Measure of Community Stability.” Ecology 36: 533536.Google Scholar
MacArthur, R. (1958), “Population Ecology of Some Warblers of Northeastern Coniferous Forests.” Ecology 39: 599619.Google Scholar
MacArthur, R. (1972), Geographical Ecology. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
MacArthur, R. and Wilson, E. O. (1963), “An Equilibrium Theory of Insular Zoogeography.” Evolution 17: 373387.Google Scholar
MacArthur, R. and Wilson, E. O. (1967), The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
MacBride, F. (2003), “Speaking with Shadows: A Study of Neo‐logicism.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 54: 103163.Google Scholar
Machamer, P. and Wolters, G. (eds.) (2004), Science, Values, and Objectivity. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Machery, E. (2017), Philosophy within Its Proper Bounds. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mackie, J. L. (1977), Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. New York: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Maclaurin, J. and Sterelny, K. (2008), What Is Biodiversity? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Magurran, A. E. (1988), Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Margules, C. (1989a), “Introduction to Some Australian Developments in Conservation Evaluation.” Biological Conservation 50: 111.Google Scholar
Margules, C. (1989b), “Selecting Nature Reserves in South Australia.” In Noble, J. and Bradstock, R. (eds.), Mediterranean Landscapes in Australia: Mallee Ecosystems and Their Management. Melbourne: CSIRO, pp. 398406.Google Scholar
Margules, C. and Sarkar, S. (2007), Systematic Conservation Planning. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Margules, C. and Stein, J. L. (1989), “Patterns in the Distributions of Species and the Selection of Nature Reserves: An Example from Eucalyptus Forests in South-eastern New South Wales.” Biological Conservation 50: 219238.Google Scholar
Margules, C.; Higgs, A. J.; and Rafe, R. W. (1982), “Modern Biogeographic Theory: Are There Lessons for Nature Reserve Design?Biological Conservation 24: 115128.Google Scholar
Margules, C.; Nicholls, A. O.; and Pressey, R. (1988), “Selecting Networks of Reserves to Maximise Biological Diversity.” Biological Conservation 43: 6376.Google Scholar
Margurann, A. (2004), Measuring Biological Diversity. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Marquet, P.; Quiñones, R.; Abades, S.; Labra, F.; Tognelli, M.; Arim, M.; and Rivadeneira, M. (2005), “Scaling and Power-Laws in Ecological Systems.” The Journal of Experimental Biology 208: 17491769.Google Scholar
May, R. (1974), Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems. 2nd edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Mayo, D. (1991), “Sociological versus Metascientific View of Risk Assessment.” In Mayo, D. and Hollander, R. (eds.), Acceptable Evidence: Science and Values in Risk Management. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 249279.Google Scholar
McCarthy, M. (2007) Bayesian Methods for Ecology. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McHarg, I. L. (1969), Design with Nature. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.Google Scholar
McIntosh, R. (1985), The Background of Ecology: Concept and Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McKendry, J. E. and Machlis, G. E. (1991), “The Role of Geography in Extending Biodiversity GAP Analysis.” Applied Geography 11: 135152.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, B. and Bennett, K. (2018), “Supervenience.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2018 edition), E. N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/supervenience/.Google Scholar
Meffe, G. K. and Carroll, C. R. (eds.) (1994), Principles of Conservation Biology. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Mehdiabadi, N. and Gilbert, L. (2002), Colony-Level Impacts of Parasatoid Flies on Fire Ants.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 269: 16951699.Google Scholar
Mellor, D. H. (2005), Probability: A Philosophical Introduction. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mikkelson, G. (2003), “Ecological Kinds and Ecological Laws.” Philosophy of Science 70: 13901400.Google Scholar
Millstein, R. (2009), “Populations as Individuals.” Biological Theory 4: 267273.Google Scholar
Millstein, R. (2013), “Exploring the Status of Population Genetics: The Role of Ecology.” Biological Theory 7: 346357.Google Scholar
Mitchell, S. (2009), Unsimple Truths: Science, Complexity, and Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Møller, A. P. (1998), “Evidence of Larger Impact of Parasites on Hosts in the Tropics: Investment in Immune Function within and outside the Tropics?Oikos 82: 265270.Google Scholar
Murphy, D. (2015), “Concepts of Disease and Health.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2015 edition), Zalta, E. N. (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2015/entries/health-disease/.Google Scholar
Myers, N. (1988), “Threatened Biotas: ‘Hot Spots’ in Tropical Forests.” The Environmentalist 8: 187208.Google Scholar
Nagel, T. (1974), “What Is It like to Be a Bat?Philosophical Review 83: 435450.Google Scholar
Nelkin, D. (1977), “Scientists and Professional Responsibility: The Experience of American Ecologists.” Social Studies of Science 7: 7595.Google Scholar
Nicholls, A. O. and Margules, C. (1991), “The Design of Studies to Demonstrate the Biological Importance of Corridors.” In Saunders, D. A. and Hobbs, R. J. (eds.), Nature Conservation 2: The Role of Corridors. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beaty and Sons, pp. 4961.Google Scholar
Nicholls, A. O. and Margules, C. (1993), “An Upgraded Place-Prioritization Algorithm.” Biological Conservation 64: 165169.Google Scholar
Niiniluoto, I. (1993), “The Aim and Structure of Applied Research.” Erkenntnis 38: 121.Google Scholar
Niiniluoto, I. (2013), “Values in Design Science.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 46: 1115.Google Scholar
Norton, B. (1987), Why Preserve Natural Variety? Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Norton, B. (1988), “Commodity, Amenity, and Morality.” In Wilson, E. O. (ed.), Biodiversity. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Norton, B. (1994), Towards Unity among Environmentalists. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Norton, B. (2005), Sustainability: A Philosophy of Adaptive Ecosystem Management. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Norton, B. (2006), “Towards a Policy-Relevant Definition of Biodiversity.” In Scott, J. M., Goble, D., and Davis, F. W. (eds.), The Endangered Species Act at Thirty, vol. 2. New York: Island Press.Google Scholar
Noss, R. F. (1986), “Dangerous Simplifications in Conservation Biology.” Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 67: 278279.Google Scholar
Nozick, R. (1977), “An Austrian Methodology.” Synthese 36: 353392.Google Scholar
Oberdan, T. (1990), “Positivism and the Pragmatic Theory of Observation.” Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1: 2537.Google Scholar
Odenbaugh, J. (2001), “Ecological Stability, Model Building, and Environmental Policy: A Reply to Some of the Pessimism.” Philosophy of Science (Proceedings) 68: S493S505.Google Scholar
Odenbaugh, J. (2005), “Idealized, Inaccurate but Successful: A Pragmatic Approach to Evaluating Models in Theoretical Ecology.” Biology and Philosophy 20: 231255.Google Scholar
Odenbaugh, J. (2007), “Seeing the Forest and the Trees.” Philosophy of Science 74: 628641.Google Scholar
Odenbaugh, J. (2009), “Review of S. Sarkar, Biodiversity and Environmental Philosophy: An Introduction.Biology and Philosophy 24: 541550.Google Scholar
Odenbaugh, J. (2019), Ecological Models. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Odenbaugh, J. (forthcoming), “Neutrality, Niche, and Nulls: Causal Relevance in Ecology.” In Waters, C. and Woodward, J. (eds.), Philosophical Perspectives on Causal Reasoning in Biology. University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Odling-Smee, F.; Laland, K.; and Feldman, M. (2003), Niche Construction: The Neglected Process in Evolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
O’Hara, R. (2005), “The Anarchist’s Guide to Ecological Theory, or, We Don’t Need No Stinkin’ Laws.” Oikos 110: 390393.Google Scholar
Okasha, S. (2011), “Optimal Choice in the Face of Risk: Decision Theory Meets Evolution.” Philosophy of Science 78: 83104.Google Scholar
Oksanen, L.; Fretwell, S.; Arrunda, J.; and Niemela, P. (1981), “Exploitation Ecosystems in Gradients of Primary Productivity.” American Naturalist 118: 240261.Google Scholar
Oppenheimer, M.; Oreskes, N.; Jamieson, D.; Brysse, K.; O’Reilly, J.; Shindell, M.; and Wazeck, M. (2019), Discerning Experts: The Practices of Scientific Assessment for Environmental Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Pearce, T. (2010), “‘A Great Complication of Circumstances’: Darwin and the Economy of Nature.” Journal of the History of Biology 43: 493528.Google Scholar
Peet, R. K. (1974), “The Measurement of Species Diversity.” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5: 285307.Google Scholar
Peixoto, M. M. (1959), “On Structural Stability.” Annals of Mathematics 69: 199222.Google Scholar
Peters, R. (1991), A Critique for Ecology. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, R. (2016), Accuracy and the Laws of Credence. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pianka, E. (1966), “Latitudinal Gradients in Species Diversity: A Review of Concepts.” American Naturalist 100: 3346.Google Scholar
Pianka, E. (2000), Evolutionary Ecology. New York: Addison Wesley Longman.Google Scholar
Pickett, S. T. A. and Thompson, J. N. (1978), “Patch Dynamics and the Design of Nature Reserves.” Biological Conservation 13: 2737.Google Scholar
Pielou, E. C. (1977), Mathematical Ecology. 2nd edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Pimm, S. (1979), “Complexity and Stability: Another Look at MacArthur’s Original Hypothesis.” Oikos 33: 351357.Google Scholar
Pimm, S. (1984), “The Complexity and Stability of Ecosystems.” Ecology 61: 219225.Google Scholar
Pimm, S. (1991), The Balance of Nature? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Pressey, R. (1990a), “Reserve Selection in New South Wales: Where to from Here?Australian Zoologist 26: 7075.Google Scholar
Pressey, R. (1990b), “Clearing and Conservation in the Western Division.” National Parks Journal 34: 1624.Google Scholar
Pressey, R. (1992), “Opportunism in Acquiring Land for Reserves: Why It’s a Bad Idea.” National Parks Journal 36: 1922.Google Scholar
Pressey, R. (1993), “What You Can Save Depends on What You Know: Why Research on Reserve Selection Is Vital.” National Parks Journal (June): 12–14.Google Scholar
Pressey, R. (1994), “Ad Hoc Reservations: Forward or Backward Steps in Developing Reprentative Reserve Systems?Conservation Biology 8: 662668.Google Scholar
Pressey, R. (1998), “Algorithms, Politics, and Timber: An Example of the Role of Science in a Public, Political Negotiation Process over New Conservation Areas in Production Forests.” In Wills, R. T., Hobbs, R. I., and Fox, M. D. (eds.), Ecology for Everyone: Communicating Ecology to Scientists, the Public and the Politicians. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty and Sons, pp. 7387.Google Scholar
Pressey, R. (2002), “Classics in Physical Geography Revisited.” Progress in Physical Geography 26: 434441.Google Scholar
Pressey, R. and Nicholls, A. O. (1989), “Application of a Numerical Algorithm to the Selection of Reserves in Semi-Arid New South Wales.” Biological Conservation 50: 263278.Google Scholar
Pressey, R. and Tulley, S. L. (1994), “The Cost of Ad Hoc Reservation: A Case Study in Western New South Wales.” Australian Journal of Ecology 19: 375384.Google Scholar
Pressey, R.; Bedward, M.; and Nicholls, A. O. 1990. “Reserve Selection in the Mallee Lands.” In Noble, J. C., Joss, P. J., and Jones, G. K. (eds.), The Mallee Lands: A Conservation Perspective. Melbourne: CSIRO, pp. 167178.Google Scholar
Pressey, R.; Johnson, I. R.; and Wilson, P. D. (1994), “Shades of Irreplaceability: Toward a Measure of the Contribution of Sites to a Reservation Goal.” Biodiversity and Conservation 3: 242262.Google Scholar
Preston, F. W. (1962), “The Canonical Distribution of Commoness and Rarity.” Ecology 43: 185215 and 410–432.Google Scholar
Primack, R. B. (1993), Essentials of Conservation Biology. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Proctor, R. N. (1991), Value-Free Science? Purity and Power in Modern Knowledge. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Puccia, C. and Levins, R. (1985), Qualitative Modeling of Complex Systems: An Introduction to Loop Analysis and Time Averaging. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Putnam, H. (1990), Realism with a Human Face. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Putnam, H. (2002), The Collapse of the Fact/Value Dichotomy and Other Essays. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
RACAC (Resource and Conservation Assessment Council) (1996), Draft Interim Forestry Assessment Report. Sydney: RACAC.Google Scholar
Real, L. and Levin, S. (1991), “The Role of Theory in the Rise of Modern Ecology.” In Real, L. and Brown, J. (eds.), Foundations of Ecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 177191.Google Scholar
Rebelo, A. G. and Siegfried, W. R. (1990), “Protection of Fynbos Vegetation: Ideal and Real-World Options.” Biological Conservation 54: 1531.Google Scholar
Recher, H. (1976), “An Ecologist’s View: The Failure of Our National Parks System.” Australian Natural History 18: 398405.Google Scholar
Regan, H.; Colyvan, M.; and Burgman, M. (2002), “A Taxonomy and Treatment of Uncertainty for Ecology and Conservation Biology.” Ecological Applications 12: 618628.Google Scholar
Reydon, T. (2013), “Classifying Life, Reconstructing History and Teaching Diversity: Philosophical Issues in the Teaching of Biological Systematics and Biodiversity.” Science and Education 22: 189220.Google Scholar
Righter, R. W. (2005), The Battle over Hetch Hetchy: America’s Most Controversial Dam and the Birth of Modern Environmentalism. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Robert, C. and Casella, G. (2004), Monte Carlo Statistical Methods. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Roberts, J. T. (2007), “Is Logical Empiricism Committed to the Ideal of Value-Free Science?” In Kincaid, H., Dupré, J., and Wylie, A. (eds.), Value-Free Science? Ideals and Illusions. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 143163.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, A. and Bouchard, F. (2015), “Fitness.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2015 edition), Zalta, E. N. (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2015/entries/fitness/.Google Scholar
Rosenzweig, M. (1992), “Species Diversity Gradients: We Know More and Less than We Thought.” Journal of Mammology 73: 715730.Google Scholar
Roughgarden, J. (2012), “Individual-Based Models in Ecology: An Evaluation.” PhilSci Archive: http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/9434/1/RoughgardenPSA2012IBMLecture.pdf.Google Scholar
Rudner, R. (1953), “The Scientist qua Scientist Makes Value Judgments.” Philosophy of Science 20: 16.Google Scholar
Runte, A. (1972), “Yellowstone: It’s Useless, So Why Not a Park?” National Parks and Conservation Magazine (March): 4–7.Google Scholar
Runte, A. (1977), “The National Park Idea: Origins and Paradox of the American Experience.” Journal of Forest History 21: 6175.Google Scholar
Runte, A. (1979), National Parks: The American Experience. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Runte, A. (1983), “Reply to Sellars.” Journal of Forest History 27: 135141.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. (1970), “Are There Laws in Biology?Australasian Journal of Philosophy 48: 234246.Google Scholar
Ruse, M. (2013), The Gaia Hypothesis: Science on a Pagan Planet. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Sagoff, M. (2009), “Intrinsic Value: A Response to Justus et al.Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24: 643.Google Scholar
Santana, C. (2014), “Save the Planet: Eliminate Biodiversity.” Biology and Philosophy 29: 761780.Google Scholar
Santana, C. (2016), “Biodiversity Eliminativism.” In Garson, J., Plutynski, A., and Sarkar, S. (eds.), Routledge Handbook for the Philosophy of Biodiversity. New York: Routledge, pp. 8695.Google Scholar
Santana, C. (2018), “Biodiversity Is a Chimera and Chimeras Aren’t Real.” Biology and Philosophy 33:15, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-018-9626-2.Google Scholar
Sarkar, S. (1996), “Ecological Theory and Anuran Declines.” Bioscience 46: 199207.Google Scholar
Sarkar, S. (2002), “Defining ‘Biodiversity’; Assessing Biodiversity.” Monist 85: 131155.Google Scholar
Sarkar, S. (2005), Biodiversity and Environmental Philosophy: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sarkar, S. (2007), “From Ecological Diversity to Biodiversity.” In Hull, D. and Ruse, M. (eds.), Cambridge Companion to the Philosophy of Biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sarkar, S.; Justus, J; Fuller, T.; Kelley, C.; Garson, J.; and Mayfield, M. (2005), “Effectiveness of Estimator Surrogates for the Selection of Conservation Area Networks.” Conservation Biology 19: 815825.Google Scholar
Sarkar, S.; Pressey, R. L.; Faith, D. P.; Margules, C.; Fuller, T.; Stoms, D.; Moffett, A.; Wilson, K. A.; Williams, K. J.; Williams, P. H.; and Andelman, S. (2006), “Biodiversity Conservation Planning Tools: Present Status and Challenges for the Future.” Annual Review of Environment and Resources 31: 123159.Google Scholar
Schaffner, K. (1969a), “The Watson–Crick Model and Reductionism.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 20: 325348.Google Scholar
Schaffner, K. (1969b), “Chemical Systems and Chemical Evolution: The Philosophy of Molecular Biology.” American Scientist 57: 410420.Google Scholar
Schoener, T. (1989), “The Ecological Niche.” In Cherrett, J. (ed.), Ecological Concepts: The Contribution of Ecology to an Understanding of the Natural World. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 79113.Google Scholar
Scott, J. M.; Csuti, B.; Jacobi, J. D.; and Estes, J. E. (1987), “Species Richness: A Geographical Approach to Protecting Future Biological Diversity.” Bioscience 37: 782788.Google Scholar
Scott, J. M.; Csuti, B.; and Caicco, S. (1991a), “GAP Analysis: Assessing Protection Needs.” In Hudson, W. E. (ed.), Landscape Linkages and Biodiversity. Washington, DC: Island Press, pp. 1526.Google Scholar
Scott, J. M.; Csuti, B.; Smith, K.; Estes, J. E.; and Caicco, S. (1991b), “GAP Analysis of Species Richness and Vegetation Cover: An Integrated Biodiversity and Conservation Strategy.” In Kohm, K. A. (ed.), Balancing on the Brink of Extinction. Washington, DC: Island Press, pp. 282297.Google Scholar
Scott, J.; Davis, F.; Csuti, B.; Noss, R.; Butterfield, B.; Groves, C.; Anderson, H.; Caicco, S.; D’erchia, F.; Edwards, T. C. Jr.; Ulliman, J.; and Wright, R. G. (1993), “GAP Analysis: A Geographic Approach to Protection of Biological Diversity.” Wildlife Monographs 123: 141.Google Scholar
Scudo, Francesco (1971), “Vito Volterra and Theoretical Ecology.” Theoretical Population Biology 2: 123.Google Scholar
Sen, A. (2009), The Idea of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Shrader-Frechette, K. (1990), “Island Biogeography, Species–Area Curves, and Statistical Errors: Applied Biology and Scientific Rationality.” Proceedings of the Philosophy of Science Association 1: S447S456.Google Scholar
Shrader-Frechette, K. S. (1991), Risk and Rationality: Philosophical Foundations for Populist Reforms. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Shrader-Frechette, K. S. and McCoy, E. D. (1993), Method in Ecology. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shulz, Armin (2020), Structure, Evidence, and Heuristic: Evolutionary Biology, Economics, and the Philosophy of their Relationship. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Siegfried, W. R. (1978), “Let the Strandwolf Fly.” African Wildlife 32: 1014.Google Scholar
Siegfried, W. R. (1989), “Preservation of Species in South African Nature Reserves.” In Huntley, B. J. (ed.), Biotic Diversity in Southern Africa: Concepts and Conservation. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, pp. 186201.Google Scholar
Simberloff, D. (1986), “Design of Nature Reserves.” In Usher, M. B. (ed.), Wildlife Conservation Evaluation. London: Chapman and Hall, pp. 315337.Google Scholar
Simberloff, D. (1987), “Simplification, Danger, and Ethics in Conservation Biology.” Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 68: 156157.Google Scholar
Simberloff, D. (2004), “Community Ecology: Is It Time to Move On?The American Naturalist 163: 787799.Google Scholar
Simberloff, D. and Abele, L. (1976), “Island Biogeography and Conservation Practice.” Science 193: 285286.Google Scholar
Simberloff, D. and Abele, L. (1982), “Refuge Design and Island Biogeographic Theory: Effects of Fragmentation.” American Naturalist 120: 4150.Google Scholar
Simberloff, D. and Abele, L. (1984), “Conservation and Obfuscation: Subdivision of Reserves.” Oikos 42: 399401.Google Scholar
Simberloff, D.; Cox, J.; and Mehlman, D. W. (1992), “Movement Corridors: Conservation Bargains or Poor Investments?Conservation Biology 6: 493504.Google Scholar
Skyrms, B. (1996), Evolution of the Social Contract. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Skyrms, B. (2010), Signals: Evolution, Learning, and Information. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Slobodkin, L. (1980), Growth and Regulation of Animal Populations. 2nd edition. Mineola, NY: Dover.Google Scholar
Smart, J. J. C. (1959), “Can Biology Be an Exact Science?Synthese 11: 359368.Google Scholar
Smart, J. J. C. (1963), Philosophy and Scientific Realism. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Smith, T. R.; Menon, S.; Starr, J. L.; and Estes, J. E. (1987), “Requirements and Principles for the Implementation and Construction of Large-Scale Geographic Information Systems.” International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 1: 1331.Google Scholar
Smith, A.; Hines, H. B.; and Webber, P. (1989), Mammals, Reptiles and Amphibians of the Rainforests of the Mount Warning Caldera Region. Unpublished Report to the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service.Google Scholar
Sober, E. (1986), “Problems for Environmentalism.” In Norton, B. (ed.), The Preservation of Species: The Value of Biological Diversity. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 173194.Google Scholar
Sober, E. (1987), “Does ‘Fitness’ Fit the Facts?Journal of Philosophy 84: 220223.Google Scholar
Sober, E. (1997), “Two Outbreaks of Lawlessness in Recent Philosophy of Biology.” Philosophy of Science 64, Supplement. Proceedings of the 1996 Biennial Meetings of the Philosophy of Science Association. Part II: Symposia Papers, pp. S458–S467.Google Scholar
Sober, E. (1999), “The Multiple Realizability Argument against Reductionism.” Philosophy of Science 66: 542564.Google Scholar
Sober, E. (2007), “Evidence and Value Freedom.” In Kinkaid, H., Dupré, J., and Wylie, A. (eds.), Value-Free Science: Ideal or Illusion? New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 109119.Google Scholar
Sober, E. (2008), Evidence and Evolution: The Logic behind the Science. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sober, E. (2011), “A Priori Causal Models of Natural Selection.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 89: 571589.Google Scholar
Soulé, M. (1985), “What Is Conservation Biology?BioScience 35: 727734.Google Scholar
Soulé, M. and Simberloff, D. (1986), “What Do Genetics and Ecology Tell Us about the Design of Nature Reserves?Biological Conservation 35: 1940.Google Scholar
Stauffer, R. (1957), “Haeckel, Darwin, and Ecology.” Quarterly Review of Biology 32: 138144.Google Scholar
Sterelny, K. (2001), “The Reality of Ecological Assemblages: A Palaeo-ecological Puzzle.” Biology and Philosophy 16: 437461.Google Scholar
Sterelny, K. (2006), “Local Ecological Communities.” Philosophy of Science 73: 215231.Google Scholar
Sterelny, K. and Griffiths, P. (1999), Sex and Death. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 253280.Google Scholar
Strom, A. (1979a), “Impressions of a Developing Conservation Ethic, 1870–1930.” Parks and Wildlife 2: 4553.Google Scholar
Strom, A. (1979b), “Some Events in Nature Conservation over the Last Forty Years.” Parks and Wildlife 2: 6573.Google Scholar
Strong, D. (1980), “Null Hypotheses in Ecology.” Synthese 43: 271285.Google Scholar
Tabery, J. (2014), Beyond Versus: The Struggle to Understand the Interaction of Nature and Nurture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Takacs, D. (1996), The Idea of Biodiversity. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, P. (1986), Respect for Nature: A Theory for Environmental Ethics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, P. and Blum, A. (1991), “Ecosystems as Circuits: Diagrams and the Limits of Physical Analogies.” Biology and Philosophy 6: 275294.Google Scholar
Terborgh, J. (1974), “Preservation of Natural Diversity: The Problem of Extinction Prone Species.” Bioscience 24: 715722.Google Scholar
Terborgh, J. (1976), “Island Biogeography and Conservation: Strategy and Limitations.” Science 193: 10291030.Google Scholar
Thompson, P. (1995), “Managing Complexity and Dynamics: Is There a Difference between Physics and Biology.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 20 (supplementary volume): 275302.Google Scholar
Thompson, P. (2011), Agro-Technology: A Philosophical Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tilman, D. (1982), Resource Competition and Community Structure. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tilman, D. (1999), “The Ecological Consequences of Biodiversity: A Search for General Principles.” Ecology 80: 14551474.Google Scholar
Tilman, D.; Kilham, S.; and Kilham, P. (1982), “Phytoplankton Community Ecology: The Role of Limiting Nutrients.” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 13: 349372.Google Scholar
Tilman, D.; Reich, P.; and Knops, J. (2006), “Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability in a Decade-Long Grassland Experiment.” Nature 441: 629632.Google Scholar
Tobin, R. (1990), The Expendable Future: U.S. Politics and the Protection of Biological Diversity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, R. (1988), “The Impact of the Transition from Analogue to Digital Cartographic Representation.” The American Cartographer 15: 249261.Google Scholar
Turner, D. (2011), Paleontology: A Philosophical Introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Turner, D. and Havstad, J. (2019), “Philosophy of Macroevolution.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2019 edition), Zalta, E. N. (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/macroevolution/.Google Scholar
van Fraasen, B. (2008), Scientific Representation: Paradoxes of Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
van Riel, R. and Van Gulick, R. (2019), “Scientific Reduction.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2019 edition), E. N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/scientific-reduction/.Google Scholar
Wade, P. (2000), “Bayesian Methods in Conservation Biology.” Conservation Biology 14: 13081316.Google Scholar
Wakefield, J. (1992), “The Concept of Mental Disorder: On the Boundary between Biological Facts and Social Values.” American Psychologist 47: 373388.Google Scholar
Weisberg, M. (2007), “Three Kinds of Idealization.” Journal of Philosophy 104: 639659.Google Scholar
Weisberg, M. (2013), Simulation and Similarity: Using Models to Understand the World. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Weisberg, M. and Reisman, K. (2008), “The Robust Volterra Principle.” Philosophy of Science 75: 106131.Google Scholar
West, G.; Brown, J.; and Enquist, B. (1997), “A General Model for the Origin of Allometric Scaling Laws in Biology.” Science 276: 122126.Google Scholar
White, L. (1967), “The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis.” Science 155: 12031207.Google Scholar
Whittaker, R. (1956), “Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains.” Ecological Monographs 26: 180.Google Scholar
Williams, B. (1986), Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Willig, M. R.; Kaufmann, D. M.; and Stevens, R. D. (2003), “Latitudinal Gradients of Biodiversity: Pattern, Process, Scale and Synthesis.” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 34: 273309.Google Scholar
Willis, E. O. (1974), “Populations and Local Extinctions of Birds on Barro Colorado Island, Panama.” Ecological Monographs 44: 153169.Google Scholar
Willis, E. O. (1984), “Conservation, Subdivistion of Reserves, and the Anti-dismemberment Hypothesis.” Oikos 42: 396398.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (ed.) (1988), Biodiversity. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1992), Interview. In J. Peppercorn, “Islands of Sanctuary: A History of the Theory of Island Biogeography and Its Application to Nature Reserve Design.” M.A. thesis, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1994), The Naturalist. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. and Willis, E. O. (1975), “Applied Biogeography.” In Cody, M. I. and Diamond, J. (eds.), Ecology and Evolution of Communities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 522534.Google Scholar
Winsberg, E. (2018), Philosophy and Climate Change. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Worster, D. (1994), Nature’s Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • James Justus, Florida State University
  • Book: The Philosophy of Ecology
  • Online publication: 28 May 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139626941.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • James Justus, Florida State University
  • Book: The Philosophy of Ecology
  • Online publication: 28 May 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139626941.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • James Justus, Florida State University
  • Book: The Philosophy of Ecology
  • Online publication: 28 May 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139626941.010
Available formats
×