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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 October 2009
Measure what is measurable, and make measurable what is not so.
Galileo GalileiThe scope of detection techniques is very wide and diverse. Depending on the aim of the measurement, different physics effects are used. Basically, each physics phenomenon can be the basis for a particle detector. If complex experimental problems are to be solved, it is desirable to develop a multipurpose detector which allows one to unify a large variety of different measurement techniques. This would include a high (possibly 100%) efficiency, excellent time, spatial and energy resolution with particle identification. For certain energies these requirements can be fulfilled, e.g. with suitably instrumented calorimeters. Calorimetric detectors for the multi-GeV and for the eV range, however, have to be basically different.
The discovery of new physics phenomena allows one to develop new detector concepts and to investigate difficult physics problems. For example, superconductivity provides a means to measure extremely small energy depositions with high resolution. The improvement of such measurement techniques, e.g. for the discovery and detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), predicted by supersymmetry or cosmological neutrinos, would be of large astrophysical and cosmological interest.
In addition to the measurement of low-energy particles, the detection of extremely small changes of length may be of considerable importance.
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