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9 - Participation in Medieval Platonism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2024

By
Stephen Gersh
Edited by
Douglas Hedley  and
Daniel J. Tolan
Douglas Hedley
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Daniel J. Tolan
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

Augustine’s work On Eighty-Three Different Questions consists of a series of his responses to various philosophical and theological questions raised by members of the monastic community at Tagaste in North Africa. The quaestio numbered as forty-six within this collection bears the subtitle “On Ideas” (De Ideis) and is a relatively straightforward doxographical explanation of the theory of Forms held by Plato and his followers.1 It consists first, of a historical argument for the existence of the Ideas stating that all philosophers have maintained their existence although they have not always applied a fixed terminology to them. Second, it contains a cosmological argument for the Ideas’ existence, stating that any religious person reflecting on the existence, life, and order of the world will conclude that the latter has been created according to reason.

Type
Chapter
Information
Participation in the Divine
A Philosophical History, From Antiquity to the Modern Era
 , pp. 192 - 219
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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References

Primary Sources

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Secondary Sources

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Gersh, Stephen 2009. “Philosophy and Humanism,” in A Companion to the Medieval World, ed. Lansing, Carol and English, Edward D., Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 525–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2010. “Plato and Platonism,” in The Classical Tradition, ed. Grafton, Anthony, Most, Glenn W., and Settis, Salvatore. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 734–740.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen. 1978. From Iamblichus to Eriugena: An Investigation of the Prehistory and Evolution of the Pseudo-Dionysian Tradition, Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1986. Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism. The Latin Tradition, 2 vols. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2010. “Ancient Philosophy becomes Medieval Philosophy,” in The Cambridge History of Later Ancient Philosophy, ed. Gerson, Lloyd P.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 894–914.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2012. “The First Principles of Latin Neoplatonism: Augustine, Macrobius, Boethius,” Vivarium 50, pp. 113–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen. 1980. “Omnipresence in Eriugena: Some Reflections on Augustino-Maximian Elements in Periphyseon,” in Eriugena: Studien zu seinen Quellen. Vorträge des III. Internationalen Eriugena-Colloquiums, Freiburg im Breisgau, 27–30 August 1979, ed. Beierwaltes, Werner. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pp. 55–74 [Reprinted in Gersh, Reading Plato, Tracing Plato, item X].Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1982. “Platonism-Neoplatonism-Aristotelianism: A Twelfth-Century Metaphysical System and Its Sources,” in Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century, ed. Benson, Robert L and Constable, Giles. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 512–534. [On Thierry of Chartres; reprinted in Gersh, Reading Plato, Tracing Plato, item XVI.]Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1988. “Anselm of Canterbury,” in A History of Twelfth-Century Western Philosophy, ed. Dronke, Peter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 255–278. [Reprinted in Gersh, Reading Plato, Tracing Plato, item XIV.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1996. Concord in Discourse: Harmonics and Semiotics in Late Classical and Early Medieval Platonism. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1998. “Structure, Sign and Ontology from Iohannes Scottus Eriugena to Anselm of Canterbury,” in The Routledge History of Philosophy, Volume III: Medieval Philosophy, ed. Marenbon, John. London: Routledge, pp. 120–149. [Reprinted in Gersh, Reading Plato, Tracing Plato, item XIII.]Google Scholar
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Gersh, Stephen 2010. “Dionysius on Divine Names Revisited. A Structural Analysis,” Dionysius 28, pp. 7–26.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2012. “Through the Rational to the Supra-Rational: Four Criteria of Non-Discursive Thinking in Medieval Platonism,” in Università della Ragione. Pluralità delle Filosofie nel Medioevo. XII Congresso Internazionale di Filosofia Medievale, Palermo, 17–22 settembre 2007, ed. Musco, Alessandro, vol. 1. Palermo: Officina di Studi Medievali. pp. 125–148.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2013. “Medieval Platonic Theology: Nicholas of Cusa as Summation and Singularity,” in The Rebirth of Platonic Theology, Proceedings of a Conference Held at Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies (Villa I Tatti and the Istituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento (Florence 26–27 April 2007), ed. Hankins, James and Meroi, Francesco. Florence: Olschki, pp. 15–45.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen (ed.). 2014. Interpreting Proclus: From Antiquity to the Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen. 2014a. “Proclus as Theologian,” in Interpreting Proclus, pp. 80–107.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2014b. “Nicholas of Cusa,” in Interpreting Proclus, pp. 318–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2015 “The Ordo Naturalis of the Primordial Causes: Eriugena’s Transformation of the Dionysian Doctrine of Divine Names,” in Philosophie et Théologie chez Jean Scot Erigène, ed. Moulin, Isabelle. Paris: Vrin. pp. 112–134.Google Scholar
King, Evan. 2021. Supersapientia: Berthold of Moosburg and the Divine Science of the Platonists. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen. 2005. Reading Plato, Tracing Plato: From Ancient Commentary to Medieval Reception. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2009. “Philosophy and Humanism,” in A Companion to the Medieval World, ed. Lansing, Carol and English, Edward D., Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 525–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2010. “Plato and Platonism,” in The Classical Tradition, ed. Grafton, Anthony, Most, Glenn W., and Settis, Salvatore. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 734–740.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen. 1978. From Iamblichus to Eriugena: An Investigation of the Prehistory and Evolution of the Pseudo-Dionysian Tradition, Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1986. Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism. The Latin Tradition, 2 vols. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2010. “Ancient Philosophy becomes Medieval Philosophy,” in The Cambridge History of Later Ancient Philosophy, ed. Gerson, Lloyd P.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 894–914.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2012. “The First Principles of Latin Neoplatonism: Augustine, Macrobius, Boethius,” Vivarium 50, pp. 113–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen. 1980. “Omnipresence in Eriugena: Some Reflections on Augustino-Maximian Elements in Periphyseon,” in Eriugena: Studien zu seinen Quellen. Vorträge des III. Internationalen Eriugena-Colloquiums, Freiburg im Breisgau, 27–30 August 1979, ed. Beierwaltes, Werner. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pp. 55–74 [Reprinted in Gersh, Reading Plato, Tracing Plato, item X].Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1982. “Platonism-Neoplatonism-Aristotelianism: A Twelfth-Century Metaphysical System and Its Sources,” in Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century, ed. Benson, Robert L and Constable, Giles. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 512–534. [On Thierry of Chartres; reprinted in Gersh, Reading Plato, Tracing Plato, item XVI.]Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1988. “Anselm of Canterbury,” in A History of Twelfth-Century Western Philosophy, ed. Dronke, Peter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 255–278. [Reprinted in Gersh, Reading Plato, Tracing Plato, item XIV.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1996. Concord in Discourse: Harmonics and Semiotics in Late Classical and Early Medieval Platonism. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1998. “Structure, Sign and Ontology from Iohannes Scottus Eriugena to Anselm of Canterbury,” in The Routledge History of Philosophy, Volume III: Medieval Philosophy, ed. Marenbon, John. London: Routledge, pp. 120–149. [Reprinted in Gersh, Reading Plato, Tracing Plato, item XIII.]Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2001. “Berthold von Moosburg on the Content and Method of Platonic Philosophy,” in Nach der Verurteilung von 1277: Philosophie und Theologie an der Universität von Paris im letzten Viertel des 13. Jahrhunderts. Studien und Texte, ed. Aertsen, Jan A, Emery, Kent, and Speer, Andreas. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 493–503. [Reprinted in Gersh, Reading Plato, Tracing Plato, item XVIII.]Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2006a. “Eriugena’s Fourfold Contemplation. Idealism and Arithmetic,” in Eriugena, Berkeley and the Idealist Tradition, ed. Gersh, Stephen and Moran, Dermot. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 151–167.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2006b. “The Pseudonymity of Dionysius the Areopagite and the Platonic Tradition,” in Neoplatonismo pagano vs. Neoplatonismo cristiano, Identità e Intersezioni: Atti del Colloquio 24–25 settembre 2004, Università di Catania, a cura di Maria di Pasquale Barbanti e Concetto Martello. Catania: Cooperativa Universitaria Catanese di Magistero, pp. 99–130.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2009. “The Metaphysical Unity of Music, Motion, and Time in Augustine’s ‘De Musica,’” in Christian Humanism. Essays in Honour of Arjo Vanderjagt, ed. MacDonald, A. A., von Martels, Z. R. W. M., and Veenstra, J. R.. Leiden: Brill, pp. 303–316.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2010. “Dionysius on Divine Names Revisited. A Structural Analysis,” Dionysius 28, pp. 7–26.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2012. “Through the Rational to the Supra-Rational: Four Criteria of Non-Discursive Thinking in Medieval Platonism,” in Università della Ragione. Pluralità delle Filosofie nel Medioevo. XII Congresso Internazionale di Filosofia Medievale, Palermo, 17–22 settembre 2007, ed. Musco, Alessandro, vol. 1. Palermo: Officina di Studi Medievali. pp. 125–148.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2013. “Medieval Platonic Theology: Nicholas of Cusa as Summation and Singularity,” in The Rebirth of Platonic Theology, Proceedings of a Conference Held at Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies (Villa I Tatti and the Istituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento (Florence 26–27 April 2007), ed. Hankins, James and Meroi, Francesco. Florence: Olschki, pp. 15–45.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen (ed.). 2014. Interpreting Proclus: From Antiquity to the Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen. 2014a. “Proclus as Theologian,” in Interpreting Proclus, pp. 80–107.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2014b. “Nicholas of Cusa,” in Interpreting Proclus, pp. 318–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2015 “The Ordo Naturalis of the Primordial Causes: Eriugena’s Transformation of the Dionysian Doctrine of Divine Names,” in Philosophie et Théologie chez Jean Scot Erigène, ed. Moulin, Isabelle. Paris: Vrin. pp. 112–134.Google Scholar
King, Evan. 2021. Supersapientia: Berthold of Moosburg and the Divine Science of the Platonists. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen. 2005. Reading Plato, Tracing Plato: From Ancient Commentary to Medieval Reception. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2009. “Philosophy and Humanism,” in A Companion to the Medieval World, ed. Lansing, Carol and English, Edward D., Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 525–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2010. “Plato and Platonism,” in The Classical Tradition, ed. Grafton, Anthony, Most, Glenn W., and Settis, Salvatore. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 734–740.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen. 1978. From Iamblichus to Eriugena: An Investigation of the Prehistory and Evolution of the Pseudo-Dionysian Tradition, Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1986. Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism. The Latin Tradition, 2 vols. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2010. “Ancient Philosophy becomes Medieval Philosophy,” in The Cambridge History of Later Ancient Philosophy, ed. Gerson, Lloyd P.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 894–914.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2012. “The First Principles of Latin Neoplatonism: Augustine, Macrobius, Boethius,” Vivarium 50, pp. 113–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen. 1980. “Omnipresence in Eriugena: Some Reflections on Augustino-Maximian Elements in Periphyseon,” in Eriugena: Studien zu seinen Quellen. Vorträge des III. Internationalen Eriugena-Colloquiums, Freiburg im Breisgau, 27–30 August 1979, ed. Beierwaltes, Werner. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pp. 55–74 [Reprinted in Gersh, Reading Plato, Tracing Plato, item X].Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1982. “Platonism-Neoplatonism-Aristotelianism: A Twelfth-Century Metaphysical System and Its Sources,” in Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century, ed. Benson, Robert L and Constable, Giles. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 512–534. [On Thierry of Chartres; reprinted in Gersh, Reading Plato, Tracing Plato, item XVI.]Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1988. “Anselm of Canterbury,” in A History of Twelfth-Century Western Philosophy, ed. Dronke, Peter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 255–278. [Reprinted in Gersh, Reading Plato, Tracing Plato, item XIV.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1996. Concord in Discourse: Harmonics and Semiotics in Late Classical and Early Medieval Platonism. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 1998. “Structure, Sign and Ontology from Iohannes Scottus Eriugena to Anselm of Canterbury,” in The Routledge History of Philosophy, Volume III: Medieval Philosophy, ed. Marenbon, John. London: Routledge, pp. 120–149. [Reprinted in Gersh, Reading Plato, Tracing Plato, item XIII.]Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2001. “Berthold von Moosburg on the Content and Method of Platonic Philosophy,” in Nach der Verurteilung von 1277: Philosophie und Theologie an der Universität von Paris im letzten Viertel des 13. Jahrhunderts. Studien und Texte, ed. Aertsen, Jan A, Emery, Kent, and Speer, Andreas. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 493–503. [Reprinted in Gersh, Reading Plato, Tracing Plato, item XVIII.]Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2006a. “Eriugena’s Fourfold Contemplation. Idealism and Arithmetic,” in Eriugena, Berkeley and the Idealist Tradition, ed. Gersh, Stephen and Moran, Dermot. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 151–167.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2006b. “The Pseudonymity of Dionysius the Areopagite and the Platonic Tradition,” in Neoplatonismo pagano vs. Neoplatonismo cristiano, Identità e Intersezioni: Atti del Colloquio 24–25 settembre 2004, Università di Catania, a cura di Maria di Pasquale Barbanti e Concetto Martello. Catania: Cooperativa Universitaria Catanese di Magistero, pp. 99–130.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2009. “The Metaphysical Unity of Music, Motion, and Time in Augustine’s ‘De Musica,’” in Christian Humanism. Essays in Honour of Arjo Vanderjagt, ed. MacDonald, A. A., von Martels, Z. R. W. M., and Veenstra, J. R.. Leiden: Brill, pp. 303–316.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2010. “Dionysius on Divine Names Revisited. A Structural Analysis,” Dionysius 28, pp. 7–26.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2012. “Through the Rational to the Supra-Rational: Four Criteria of Non-Discursive Thinking in Medieval Platonism,” in Università della Ragione. Pluralità delle Filosofie nel Medioevo. XII Congresso Internazionale di Filosofia Medievale, Palermo, 17–22 settembre 2007, ed. Musco, Alessandro, vol. 1. Palermo: Officina di Studi Medievali. pp. 125–148.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2013. “Medieval Platonic Theology: Nicholas of Cusa as Summation and Singularity,” in The Rebirth of Platonic Theology, Proceedings of a Conference Held at Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies (Villa I Tatti and the Istituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento (Florence 26–27 April 2007), ed. Hankins, James and Meroi, Francesco. Florence: Olschki, pp. 15–45.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen (ed.). 2014. Interpreting Proclus: From Antiquity to the Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen. 2014a. “Proclus as Theologian,” in Interpreting Proclus, pp. 80–107.Google Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2014b. “Nicholas of Cusa,” in Interpreting Proclus, pp. 318–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersh, Stephen 2015 “The Ordo Naturalis of the Primordial Causes: Eriugena’s Transformation of the Dionysian Doctrine of Divine Names,” in Philosophie et Théologie chez Jean Scot Erigène, ed. Moulin, Isabelle. Paris: Vrin. pp. 112–134.Google Scholar
King, Evan. 2021. Supersapientia: Berthold of Moosburg and the Divine Science of the Platonists. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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