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1 - Politics of Notables

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2014

Toby Matthiesen
Toby Matthiesen
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

Are we not Muslims? And if we are not Muslims … then are we not citizens?

Letter by Shia notables to King Fahd, 5 January 1992

Shia Islam in Eastern Arabia

Several histories of the Shia of al-Ahsa, Qatif and Bahrain trace their lineage to the partially Christian tribe ʿAbd al-Qays that entered Bahrain and Qatif in the sixth century. Branches of the ʿAbd al-Qays participated in the conquests of the Muslim forces and espoused the cause of ʿAli. The Qarmatians, a Sevener Shia Ismaili movement, ruled Eastern Arabia from 899 until the late eleventh century. This contributed to a distinct sense of religious identity that differed from that of the interior of the Arabian Peninsula. Twentieth century Shia identity entrepreneurs depict this period of ‘ancient Bahrain’ as the golden age of the Shia of Eastern Arabia, effectively formulating a ‘Bahrani nativism’. Bahrani is a term that refers to the native, mainly Arab Shia, inhabitants of Bahrain, Qatif, and to a lesser extent al-Ahsa. An early 20th century British source, for example, uses the term Bahrani to describe Shia of Qatif, but the term has become less common in al-Ahsa and Qatif, while it remains widely used in Bahrain.

The political union between Qatif, al-Ahsa and the islands of Bahrain, which is key to the idea of an ‘ancient Bahrain’, existed for most of the time between the ninth and the fifteenth century. After the Qarmatians, from the late eleventh to the middle of the sixteenth century, local tribal dynasties ruled the lands of Bahrain and had their capitals at times on the island of Bahrain and at times in Qatif or al-Ahsa. Until the early fourteenth century, the tribal dynasties in al-Ahsa were Sunni, and thereafter Shia. In 1515, the Portuguese took Hormuz and five years later a joint Portuguese-Hormuzi naval force conquered Qatif and Bahrain.

Type
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The Other Saudis
Shiism, Dissent and Sectarianism
 , pp. 24 - 65
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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  • Politics of Notables
  • Toby Matthiesen, University of Cambridge
  • Book: The Other Saudis
  • Online publication: 05 December 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107337732.005
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  • Politics of Notables
  • Toby Matthiesen, University of Cambridge
  • Book: The Other Saudis
  • Online publication: 05 December 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107337732.005
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Politics of Notables
  • Toby Matthiesen, University of Cambridge
  • Book: The Other Saudis
  • Online publication: 05 December 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107337732.005
Available formats
×