Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T10:20:56.988Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part 4 - Social Movements and Collective Action

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 July 2019

Göran Ahrne
Affiliation:
Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
Nils Brunsson
Affiliation:
Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
Get access

Summary

Although the question whether organisation obstructs or supports social movement claims and mobilisation has long been debated, it is undeniable that some level of organisation exists in even the most radically horizontal social movements. Relatively little attention has been paid, however, to how movements operate in dealing with the tensions associated with the question of organisation, that is, how they seek to be effective in decision-making while maintaining or advancing inclusivity and participation. This chapter presents an analysis of the organising efforts of a timebank. With a particular focus on the production of organisation, we illustrate how a group vested on the idea of horizontal, non-hierarchical collective action is dealing with the coordination and decision-making challenges they meet over time.

Type
Chapter
Information
Organization outside Organizations
The Abundance of Partial Organization in Social Life
, pp. 291 - 356
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Ahrne, G. & Brunsson, N. (2011) Organization outside Organization: The Significance of Partial Organization. Organization 18(1): 83104.Google Scholar
Alhojärvi, T., Ryynänen, S., Toivakainen, N., & van der Wekken, R. (2015) Solidaarisuustalous. In Jalonen, M. & Silvasti, T. (eds.), Talouden uudet muodot. Helsinki: Into. 210–30.Google Scholar
Bachrach, P. & Baratz, M. S. (1963) Decisions and Nondecisions: An Analytical Framework. American Political Science Review 57(3): 632–42.Google Scholar
Berger, P. L. & Luckmann, T. (1967) The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Blee, K. M. (2012) Democracy in the Making. How Activist Groups Form. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Boggs, C. (1978) Marxism, Prefigurative Communism, and the Problem of Workers’ Control. Radical America 11/12(1): 99122.Google Scholar
Böhm, S. (2006) Repositioning Organization Theory. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Bor, S. & den Hond, F. (2015) Social Order & Organisational Dynamics. Working paper. Presented at the 4th European Theory Development Workshop, Cardiff, 24–25 June 2015.Google Scholar
Breton, E., Jeppesen, S., Kruzynski, A., & Sarrasin, R. (2012) Prefigurative Self-Governance and Self-Organization: The Influence of Antiauthoritarian (Pro)Feminist, Radical Queer, and Antiracist Networks in Quebec. In Choudry, A., Hanley, J., & Shragge, E. (eds.), Organize! Building from the Local for Global Justice. Oakland: PM Press. 156–73.Google Scholar
Clark, A. (2006) Anonymising Research Data (NCRM Working Paper 07/06). Southampton, UK: National Centre for Research Methods. Retrieved 9 June 2015 from http://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/480/.Google Scholar
Clemens, E. S. & Minkoff, D. C. (2004) Beyond the Iron Law: Rethinking the Place of Organizations in Social Movement Research. In Snow, D. A., Soule, S. A., & Kriesi, H. (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements. Malden: Blackwell. 155–70.Google Scholar
de Bakker, F., den Hond, F., & Laamanen, M. (2017) Social Movements: Organizations and Organizing. In Roggeband, C. & Klandermans, B. (eds.), Handbook of Social Movements across Disciplines. Cham: Springer. 203–31.Google Scholar
den Hond, F., de Bakker, F. G. A., & Smith, N. (2015) Social Movements and Organizational Analysis. In Diani, M. & della Porta, D. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 291305.Google Scholar
Dobusch, L. & Schoeneborn, D. (2015) Fluidity, Identity, and Organizationality: The Communicative Constitution of Anonymous. Journal of Management Studies 52(8): 1005–35.Google Scholar
du Gay, P. & Vikkelsø, S. (2016) For Formal Organization: The Past in the Present and Future of Organization Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Elliott, M. (2006) Stigmergic Collaboration: The Evolution of Group Work. M/C Journal 9(2). Retrieved 26 December 2017 from http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0605/03-elliott.php/.Google Scholar
Eskelinen, T. (2014) Aikapankkien yhteiskunnalliset vaikutukset ja verotus. Helsinki: Vasemmistofoorumi.Google Scholar
Freeman, J. (1972) The Tyranny of Structurelessness. Berkeley Journal of Sociology 17: 151–65.Google Scholar
Graeber, D. R. (2013) The Democracy Project. A History. A Crisis. A Movement. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Graeber, D. R. (2015) The Utopia of Rules. On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy. Brooklyn: Melville House.Google Scholar
Laamanen, M., Wahlen, S., & Campana, M. (2015) Mobilising Collaborative Consumption Lifestyles: A Comparative Frame Analysis of Time Banking. International Journal of Consumer Studies 39(5): 459–67.Google Scholar
Leach, D. K. (2005) The Iron Law of What Again? Conceptualizing Oligarchy across Organizational Forms. Sociological Theory 23(3): 312–37.Google Scholar
Maeckelbergh, M. (2011) Doing Is Believing: Prefiguration as Strategic Practice in the Alterglobalization Movement. Social Movement Studies: Journal of Social, Cultural and Political Protest 10(1): 120.Google Scholar
McCarthy, J. D. & Zald, M. N. (1977) Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory. American Journal of Sociology 82(6): 1212–41.Google Scholar
Michels, R. (1965 [1911]) Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
North, P. (2014) Complementary Currencies. In Parker, M., Cheney, G., Fournier, V., & Land, C. (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Alternative Organization. London: Routledge. 182–94.Google Scholar
Papaoikonomou, E. & Valor, C. (2016) Exploring Commitment in Peer-to-Peer Exchanges: The Case of Timebanks. Journal of Marketing Management 32(13–14): 1333–58.Google Scholar
Parker, M., Cheney, G., Fournier, V., & Land, C. (2014) Imagining Alternatives. In Parker, M., Cheney, G., Fournier, V., & Land, C. (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Alternative Organization. London: Routledge. 3141.Google Scholar
Reedy, P. (2014) Impossible Organizations: Anarchism and Organizational Praxis. ephemera: theory & politics in organization 14(4): 639–58.Google Scholar
Reinecke, J. (2018) Social Movements and Prefigurative Organizing: Confronting entrenched inequalities in Occupy London. Organization Studies 39(9), 1299–321.Google Scholar
Sutherland, N., Land, C., & Böhm, S. (2014) Anti-Leaders(hip) in Social Movement Organizations: The Case of Autonomous Grassroots Groups. Organization 21(6): 759–81.Google Scholar
Teivainen, T. (2016) Occupy Representation and Democratise Prefiguration: Speaking for Others in Global Justice Movements. Capital & Class 40(1): 1936.Google Scholar
Tolbert, P. S. & Hiatt, S. R. (2009) On Organizations and Oligarchies. Michels in the Twenty-First Century. In Adler, P. S. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Sociology and Organization Studies: Classical Foundations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 174–99.Google Scholar
Tsoukas, H. & Chia, R. (2002) On Organizational Becoming: Rethinking Organizational Change. Organization Science 13(5): 567–82.Google Scholar
Yates, L. (2015) Rethinking Prefiguration: Alternatives, Micropolitics and Goals in Social Movements. Social Movement Studies: Journal of Social, Cultural and Political Protest 14(1): 121.Google Scholar
Zald, M. N. & Ash, R. (1966) Social Movement Organizations: Growth, Decay and Change. Social Forces 44(3): 327–41.Google Scholar

References

Ahrne, G. & Brunsson, N. (2011) Organization outside Organizations: The Significance of Partial Organization. Organization 18: 83104.Google Scholar
Ahrne, G., Brunsson, N., & Seidl, D. (2016) Resurrecting Organization by Going beyond Organizations. European Management Journal 34(2): 93101.Google Scholar
Apelt, M., Besio, C., Corsi, G., von Groddeck, V., Grothe-Hammer, M., & Tacke, V. (2017) Resurrecting Organization without Renouncing Society: A Response to Ahrne, Brunsson and Seidl. European Management Journal 35(1): 814.Google Scholar
Ashcraft, K. L., Kuhn, T. R., & Cooren, F. (2009) Constitutional Amendments: ‘Materializing’ Organizational Communication. Academy of Management Annals 3: 164.Google Scholar
Bencherki, N. & Cooren, F. (2011) Having to Be: The Possessive Constitution of Organization. Human Relations 64: 1579–607.Google Scholar
Bencherki, N. & Snack, J. P. (2016) Contributorship and Partial Inclusion: A Communicative Perspective. Management Communication Quarterly 30(3): 279304.Google Scholar
Blaschke, S., Schoeneborn, D., & Seidl, D. (2012) Organizations as Networks of Communication Episodes: Turning the Network Perspective Inside Out. Organization Studies 33(7): 879906.Google Scholar
Browning, L. D., Greene, R.W., Sitkin, S. B., Sutcliffe, K.M., & Obstfeld, D. (2009) Constitutive Complexity. In Putnam, L. L. & Nicotera, A. M. (eds.), Building Theories of Organization: The Constitutive Role of Communication. New York: Routledge. 89116.Google Scholar
Brummans, B., Cooren, F., Robichaud, D., & Taylor, J. R. (2014) Approaches in Research on the Communicative Constitution of Organizations. In Putnam, L. L. & Mumby, D. (eds.), SAGE Handbook of Organizational Communication. 3rd edition. Thousand Oaks: SAGE. 173–94.Google Scholar
Coleman, G. (2013) Coding Freedom: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Hacking. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Coleman, G. (2014) Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Many Faces of Anonymous. New York: Verso.Google Scholar
Comas, J., Shrivastava, P., & Martin, E. C. (2015) Terrorism as Formal Organization, Network, and Social Movement. Journal of Management Inquiry 24(1): 4760.Google Scholar
Cooren, F. (2004) Textual Agency: How Texts Do Things in Organizational Settings. Organization 11(3): 373–93.Google Scholar
Cooren, F. & Fairhurst, G. T. (2009) Dislocation and Stabilization: How to Scale up From Interactions to Organization. In Putnam, L. L. & Nicotera, A. M. (eds.), Building Theories of Organization: The Constitutive Role of Communication. New York: Routledge. 117–52.Google Scholar
Cooren, F., Kuhn, T., Cornelissen, J. P., & Clark, T. (2011) Communication, Organizing and Organization: An Overview and Introduction to the Special Issue. Organization Studies 32(9): 1149–70.Google Scholar
Corman, S. R. & Schiefelbein, J. S. (2008) Communication and Media Strategy in the Islamist War of Ideas. In Corman, S. R., Threthewey, A., & Goodall, H. R. Jr. (eds.), Weapons of Mass Persuasion: Strategic Communication to Combat Violent Terrorism. New York: Lang. 6996.Google Scholar
Dobusch, L. & Schoeneborn, D. (2015) Fluidity, Identity, and Organizationality: The Communicative Constitution of Anonymous. Journal of Management Studies 52(8): 1005–35.Google Scholar
Gond, J. P., Cabantous, L., Harding, N., & Learmonth, M. (2016) What Do We Mean by Performativity in Organizational and Management Theory? The Uses and Abuses of Performativity. International Journal of Management Reviews 18(4): 440–63.Google Scholar
Haug, C. (2013) Organizing Spaces: Meeting Arenas as a Social Movement Infrastructure between Organization, Network, and Institution. Organization Studies 34(5–6): 705–32.Google Scholar
Luhmann, N. (2018) Organization and Decision. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McPhee, R. D. & Zaug, P. (2009) The Communicative Constitution of Organizations: A Framework for Explanation. In Putnam, L. L. & Nicotera, A. M. (eds.), Building Theories of Organization: The Constitutive Role of Communication. New York: Routledge. 2147.Google Scholar
Puranam, P., Alexy, O., & Reitzig, M. (2014) What’s ‘New’ about New Forms of Organizing? Academy of Management Review 39(2): 162–80.Google Scholar
Rasche, A., De Bakker, F. G., & Moon, J. (2013) Complete and Partial Organizing for Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics 115(4): 651–63.Google Scholar
Schoeneborn, D. (2011) Organization as Communication: A Luhmannian Perspective. Management Communication Quarterly 25(4): 663–89.Google Scholar
Schoeneborn, D., Blaschke, S., Cooren, F., McPhee, R. D., Seidl, D., & Taylor, J. R. (2014) The Three Schools of CCO Thinking: Interactive Dialogue and Systematic Comparison. Management Communication Quarterly 28(2): 285316.Google Scholar
Schoeneborn, D., Kuhn, T. R., & Kärreman, D. (in press). The communicative constitution of organization, organizing, and organizationality. Organization Studies.Google Scholar
Schoeneborn, D. & Scherer, A. G. (2012) Clandestine Organizations, al Qaeda, and the Paradox of (In)visibility: A Response to Stohl and Stohl. Organization Studies 33(7): 963–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoeneborn, D. & Vásquez, C. (2017) Communicative Constitution of Organizations. In Scott, C. R. , L. Lewis, Barker, J.R., Keyton, J., Kuhn, T. & Turner, P.K. (eds.), International Encyclopedia of Organizational Communication. Hoboken: Wiley. 367–86.Google Scholar
Seidl, D. (2005) Organization and Interaction. In Seidl, D. & Becker, K. H. (eds.), Niklas Luhmann and Organization Studies. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press. 145–70.Google Scholar
Sydow, J., Schreyögg, G., & Koch, J. (2009) Organizational Path Dependence: Opening the Black Box. Academy of Management Review 34(4): 689709.Google Scholar
Taylor, J. R. & Cooren, F. (1997) What Makes Communication ‘Organizational’? How the Many Voices of a Collectivity Become the One Voice of an Organization. Journal of Pragmatics 27: 409–38.Google Scholar
Taylor, J. R. & Van Every, E. (2000) The Emergent Organization: Communication as Its Site and Surface. Mahwah: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Vásquez, C. & Cooren, F. (2013) Spacing Practices: The Communicative Configuration of Organizing through Space-Times. Communication Theory 23: 2547.Google Scholar

References

Ahrne, G. & Brunsson, N. (2011) Organization outside Organizations: The Significance of Partial Organization. Organization 18(1): 83104.Google Scholar
Bennett, W. L. & Segerberg, A. (2012) The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics. Information, Communication & Society 15(5): 739–68.Google Scholar
Bennett, W. L. & Segerberg, A. (2013) The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bromley, P. & Meyer, J. W. (2014) ‘They Are All Organizations’ – the Cultural Roots of Blurring between the Nonprofit, Business, and Government Sectors. Administration & Society 49(7): 939–66.Google Scholar
Brunsson, N. & Jacobsson, B. (2000) A World of Standards. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Brügger, N. (2011) Web Archiving – between Past, Present, and Future. In Burnett, R., Consalvo, M., & Ess, C. (eds.), The Handbook of Internet Studies. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 2442.Google Scholar
Gerbaudo, P. (2016) Constructing Public Space| Rousing the Facebook Crowd: Digital Enthusiasm and Emotional Contagion in the 2011 Protests in Egypt and Spain. International Journal of Communication 10(2016): 254–73.Google Scholar
Jang, Y. S. (2005) The Expansion of Modern Accounting as a Global and Institutional Practice. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 46(4): 297326.Google Scholar
Kaun, A. & Uldam, J. (2017) ‘Volunteering Is Like Any Other Business’: Civic Participation and Social Media. New Media & Society. (prepublished 17 September 2017) DOI:10.1177/1461444817731920.Google Scholar
Lomborg, S. (2012) Researching Communicative Practice: Web Archiving in Qualitative Social Media Research. Journal of Technology in Human Services 30(3–4): 219–31.Google Scholar
Luhmann, N. (2013) Theory of Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Macnamara, J. & Zerfass, A. (2012) Social Media Communication in Organizations: The Challenges of Balancing Openness, Strategy, and Management. International Journal of Strategic Communication 6(4): 287308.Google Scholar
Meyer, J. W. & Bromley, P. (2013) The Worldwide Expansion of ‘Organization’. Sociological Theory 31(4): 366–89.Google Scholar
Power, M. (1994) The Audit Society. In Miller, P. & Hopwood, A. (eds.), Accounting as Social and Institutional Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 299316.Google Scholar
Power, M. (1997) The Audit Society: Rituals of Verification. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Treem, J. W. & Leonardi, P. M. (2013) Social Media Use in Organizations: Exploring the Affordances of Visibility, Editability, Persistence, and Association. Annals of the International Communication Association 36(1): 143–89.Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1947) From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1978) Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Berkely: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×