Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T14:25:51.679Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 October 2017

Stephen M. Maurer
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
On the Shoulders of Giants
Colleagues Remember Suzanne Scotchmer's Contributions to Economics
, pp. 366 - 367
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Primary Sources

Maurer, S. M. and Scotchmer, S.. 2014. “The Lost Message of Terminal Railroad,” California Law Review: Circuit (October 8).Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2013. “Patents in the University: Priming the Pump and Crowding Out,” Journal of Industrial Economics 61(3): 817844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Zhou, J.. 2011. “Picking Winners in Rounds of Elimination.” Available at http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~scotch/winners.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2010a. “Cap-and-Trade, Emissions Taxes, and Innovation,” Innovation Policy and the Economy 11: 2954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2010b. “Openness, Open Source, and the Veil of Ignorance,” Proceedings of the American Economic Association 100: 165171.Google Scholar
Erkal, N. and Scotchmer, S.. 2009. “Scarcity of Ideas and R&D Options: Use It, Lose It, or Bank It,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 09–14940.Google Scholar
Menell, P. and Scotchmer, S.. 2007. “Intellectual Property,” in Polinsky, M. and Shavell, S. (eds.), Handbook of Law and Economics, pp. 14721570. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Maurer, S. M. and Scotchmer, S.. 2006a. “Profit Neutrality in Licensing: The Boundary Between Antitrust Law and Patent Law,” American Law and Economics Review 8: 476522. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 234–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maurer, S. and Scotchmer, S.. 2006b. “Open Source Software: The New IP Paradigm,” in Hendershott, T. (ed.), Handbook of Economics and Information Systems, pp. 285319. Amsterdam: Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, Y. and Scotchmer, S.. 2005. “Digital Rights Management and the Pricing of Digital Products,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 11532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schankerman, M. and Scotchmer, S.. 2005. “Still Looking for Lost Profits: The Case of Horizontal Competition,” UC Berkeley Institute of Business and Economic Research Working Paper E05–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maurer, S. M. and Scotchmer, S.. 2004. “Procuring Knowledge,” in Libecap, G. (ed.), Intellectual Property and Entrepreneurship: Advances in the Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Growth, Vol. 15, pp. 131. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2004a. “The Political Economy of Intellectual Property Treaties,” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organizations 20: 415437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2004b. Innovation and Incentives. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2003. “Intellectual Property – When Is It the Best Incentive Mechanism for S&T Data?,” in Esanu, J. M. and Uhlir, P. F. (eds.), The Role of Scientific and Technical Data and Information in the Public Domain: Proceedings of a Symposium, pp. 1518. Washington DC: National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Samuelson, P. and Scotchmer, S.. 2002. “The Law and Economics of Reverse Engineering,” Yale Law Journal 111: 15751663. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 201–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maurer, S. M. and Scotchmer, S.. 2002. “The Independent-Invention Defense in Intellectual Property,” Economica 69: 535547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallini, N. and Scotchmer, S.. 2002. “Intellectual Property: When Is It the Best Incentive System?,” in Jaffe, A., Lerner, J., and Stern, S. (eds.), Innovation Policy and the Economy, Vol. 2, pp. 5178. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Reprinted 2007 in Cafaggi, Fabrizio, Nicita, Antonio, and Pagano, Ugo (eds.), Legal Orderings and Economic Institutions. Milton Park, UK: Routledge. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 59–82.Google Scholar
Schankerman, M. and Scotchmer, S.. 2001. “Damages and Injunctions in the Protection of Intellectual Property,” RAND Journal of Economics 32: 199220. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 167–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maurer, S. M. and Scotchmer, S.. 1999. “Database Protection: Is it Broken and Should We Fix It?,” Science 284: 11291130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scotchmer, S. 1999a. “On the Optimality of the Patent Renewal System,” RAND Journal of Economics 30: 181196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1999b. “Delegating Investment in a Common-Value Project,” UC Berkeley Institute of Business and Economic Research Working Paper E99–266.Google Scholar
O’Donoghue, T., Scotchmer, S., and Thisse, J.-F.. 1998. “Patent Breadth, Patent Life, and the Pace of Technological Improvement,” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 7: 132.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1998a. “Incentives to Innovate,” in Newman, Peter (ed.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, pp. 273277. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1998b. “R&D Joint Ventures and Other Cooperative Arrangements,” in Anderson, R. and Gallini, N. (eds.), Competition Policy and Intellectual Property Rights in the Knowledge-Based Economy, pp. 203222. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1996a. “Protecting Early Innovators: Should Second-Generation Products be Patentable?,” RAND Journal of Economics 27: 322331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1996b. “Patents as an Incentive System,” in Allen, B. (ed.), Economics in a Changing World, Vol. 2, pp. 281296. London and New York: Macmillan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1995. “On the Division of Profit Between Sequential Innovation,” RAND Journal of Economics 26: 2033. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 102–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gandal, N. and Scotchmer, S.. 1993. “Coordinating Research through Research Joint Ventures,” Journal of Public Economics 51: 173193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1991. “Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Cumulative Research and the Patent Law,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 5(1): 2941. Reprinted in Edwin, and Mansfield, Elizabeth (eds.), The Economics of Technical Change. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Company, 1993. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 89–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1990. “Novelty and Disclosure in Patent Law,” RAND Journal of Economics 21: 131146.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2008. “Risk Taking and Gender in Hierarchies,” Theoretical Economics 3: 499524.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2005. “Consumption Externalities, Rental Markets and Purchase Clubs,” Economic Theory 25: 235253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2005. “The Organization of Consumption, Production and Learning,” in Vind, K. (ed.), The Birgit Grodal Symposium. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2002. “The Core and Hedonic Core: Reply to Wooders (2001), with Counterexamples,” Journal of Mathematical Economics 37(4): 341353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2001. “Clubs and the Market: Large Finite Economies,” Journal of Economic Theory 101: 4077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2000. “A Theory of Firm Formation and Skills Acquisition,” Conference paper presented at World Congress of the Econometric Society, Seattle, WA (August 11–16).Google Scholar
Dekel, E. and Scotchmer, S.. 1999. “On the Evolution of Attitudes Towards Risk in Winner-Take-All Games,” Journal of Economic Theory 87: 125143. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 308–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 1999. “Clubs and the Market,” Econometrica 67: 11851218. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 285–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minehart, D. and Scotchmer, S.. 1999. “Ex Post Regret and the Decentralized Sharing of Information,” Games and Economic Behavior 27(1): 114131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engl, G. and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. “The Law of Supply in Games, Markets and Matching Models,” Economic Theory 9: 539550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamantaris, D., Gilles, R., and Scotchmer, S.. 1996. “The Decentralization of Pareto Optima in Economies with Public Goods and Inessential Private Goods,” Economic Theory 8: 555564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engl, G. and Scotchmer, S.. 1996. “The Core and the Hedonic Core: Equivalence and Comparative Statics,” Journal of Mathematical Economics 26: 209248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrell, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1994. “Irrational Behavior in the AT&T Investment Game,” Economics Letters 45: 471474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Thisse, J.-F.. 1994. “The Implications of Space for Competition,” Studies in Regional and Urban Planning 3: 227246. Also printed in Kirman, A., Gerard-Varet, L.-A., and Ruggiero, M. (eds.). 1995. Space and Value in Economics in the Next Ten Years. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dekel, E. and Scotchmer, S.. 1992. “On the Evolution of Optimizing Behavior,” Journal of Economic Theory 57(2): 392406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Thisse, J.-F.. 1992. “Space and Competition: A Puzzle,” Annals of Regional Science 26: 269286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrell, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1988. “Partnerships,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 103(2), 279297. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 269–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1986. “Market Share Inertia with More than Two Firms: An Existence Problem,” Economics Letters 21(1): 7779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Shannon, C.. 2010. “Verifiability and Group Formation in Markets.” Available at http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~scotch/groups-77.pdf.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2008. “Clubs,” in Blume, L. and Durlauf, S. (eds.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd edn., Vol. 1, pp. 834839. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2005. “The Organization of Consumption, Production and Learning,” in Schultz, C. and Vind, K. (ed.), The Birgit Grodal Symposium, pp. 149186. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2005. “Consumption Externalities, Rental Markets and Purchase Clubs,” Economic Theory 25: 235253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2002. “Local Public Goods and Clubs,” in Auerbach, Alan and Feldstein, Martin (eds.), Handbook of Public Economics, Vol. IV, pp. 19972042. Amsterdam: North-Holland Press.Google Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2001. “Clubs and the Market: Large Finite Economies,” Journal of Economic Theory 101: 4077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jehiel, P. and Scotchmer, S.. 2001. “Constitutional Rules of Exclusion in Jurisdiction Formation,” Review of Economic Studies 68: 393411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 1999. “Clubs and the Market,” Econometrica 67: 11851218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilles, R. and Scotchmer, S.. 1998. “Decentralization in Club Economies: How Multiple Private Goods Matter,” in Pines, David, Sadka, Ephraim, and Zilcha, Itzak (eds.), Topics in Public Economics: Theoretical and Applied Analysis, pp. 121138. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gilles, R. and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. “Decentralization in Replicated Club Economies,” Journal of Economic Theory 72: 363387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jehiel, P. and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. “Free Mobility and the Optimal Number of Jurisdictions,” Annales d’Economie et de Statistiques 45: 219231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1997. “On Price-Taking Equilibria in Club Economies with Nonanonymous Crowding,” Journal of Public Economics 65(1): 7588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glazer, A., Niskanen, E., and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. On the Uses of Club Theory: Preface to the Club Theory Symposium,” Journal of Public Economics 65(1): 38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1996. “Externality Pricing in Club Economies,” Ricerche Economiche 50(4): 347366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1994. “Concurrence et biens publics,” Annales d’Economie et de Statistique 33: 157186. Also published as “Public Goods and the Invisible Hand,” in Quigley, J. and Smolensky, E. (eds.). 1994. Modern Public Finance, pp. 93–119. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Wooders, M.. 1987. “Competitive Equilibrium and the Core in Club Economies with Anonymous Crowding,” Journal of Public Economics 34: 159173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1986. “Local Public Goods in an Equilibrium: How Pecuniary Externalities Matter,” Regional Science and Urban Economics 16: 463481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1985. “Two-Tier Pricing of Shared Facilities in a Free-Entry Equilibrium,” RAND Journal of Economics 16(4): 456472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1985. “Profit-Maximizing Clubs,” Journal of Public Economics 27: 2585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubinfeld, D. and Scotchmer, S.. 1998. “Contingent Fees,” in Newman, P. (ed.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, pp. 415420. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1998. “Rules of Evidence and Statistical Reasoning in Court,” in Newman, P. (ed.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, pp. 389394. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Schrag, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. “On the Self-Reinforcing Nature of Crime,” International Journal of Law and Economics 17: 325335.Google Scholar
Schrag, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1994. “Crime and Prejudice: The Use of Character Evidence in Criminal Trials,” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organizations 10(2): 319342.Google Scholar
Rubinfeld, D. and Scotchmer, S.. 1993. “Contingent Fees for Lawyers: An Economic Analysis,” RAND Journal of Economics 24: 343356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2002. “Local Public Goods and Clubs,” in Auerbach, Alan and Feldstein, Martin (eds.), Handbook of Public Economics, Vol. IV, pp. 19972042. Amsterdam: North-Holland Press.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1992. “The Regressive Bias in Taxation and Enforcement,” Public Finance 58: 366371.Google Scholar
Dekel, E. and Scotchmer, S.. 1990. “Collusion Through Insurance: Sharing the Costs of Oil Spill Cleanups,” American Economic Review 80: 249252.Google Scholar
Jones, C. A. and Scotchmer, S.. 1990. “The Social Cost of Uniform Regulatory Standards,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 19: 6172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quigley, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1989. “What Counts? Analysis Counts,” Journal of the Association for Policy Analysis 8(3): 483489.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1989a. “Who Profits from Taxpayer Confusion?,” Economics Letters 29: 4955.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1989b.“The Effect of Tax Advisors on Tax Compliance,” in Roth, J. and Scholz, J. (eds.), Why People Pay Taxes: A Social Science Perspective, pp. 182–199. Philadelphia PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1989c. “Equivalent Variation with Uncertain Prices,” Economics Letters 29: 127128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Slemrod, J.. 1989. “Randomness in Tax Enforcement,” Journal of Public Economics 38: 1732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1987. “Audit Classes and Tax Enforcement Policy,” American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 77(2): 229233. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 340–347.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1986.“The Short Run and Long Run Benefits of Environmental Improvement,” Journal of Public Economics 30: 6181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1985. “Hedonic Prices and Cost/Benefit Analysis,” Journal of Economic Theory 37(1): 5575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
“Rain,” appeared in “Half-Baked Alaska,” Alaska Magazine, March 1997. Available at http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~scotch/alaska/rain.pdf.Google Scholar
“Ghosts of Christmases Past” (aka “Reminders of Home”), Alaska Magazine, December 1996. Available at http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~scotch/alaska/ghosts.pdf.Google Scholar
“Devils Club Tea,” Anchorage Daily News Sunday Magazine (We Alaskans), October 20, 1996. Available at http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~scotch/alaska/devils.pdf.Google Scholar
“Smoked Fish: A Christmas Story,” published in Seattle Times Sunday Magazine (The Pacific), December 17, 1995 and Anchorage Daily News Sunday Magazine (We Alaskans), December 17, 1995. Available at http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~scotch/alaska/smkedfsh.pdf.Google Scholar
Duke University: Frey Lecture 2008. “Suzanne Scotchmer, A Nonobvious Discussion of Patents.” Available at www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhE68ZHYJXM.Google Scholar
Barcelona Graduate School of Economics: “Use It, Lose It, or Bank It,” November 10, 2009. Available at www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnu8kEzRCMY.Google Scholar
University of California at Berkeley: Commencement Proceedings. Andrés Roemer Remembers Prof. Scotchmer (May 17, 2014). Available at https://gspp.berkeley.edu/events/webcasts/andrs-roemers-honors-professor-suzanne-scotchmer-at-2014-uc-berkeley-commen.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, D. and Akcigit, U.. 2012. “Intellectual Property Rights Policy, Competition and Innovation,” Journal of the European Economic Association 10(1): 142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agrawal, A. and Goldfarb, A.. 2008. “Restructuring Research: Communication Costs and the Democratization of University Innovation,” American Economic Review 98(4): 15781590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agrawal, A. and Goldfarb, A.. 2006. “Restructuring Research: Communication Costs and the Democratization of University Innovation,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 12812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anon. n.d. “Edison and the Invention Factory.” Available at http://edison.rutgers.edu/inventionfactory.htm.Google Scholar
Arrow, Kenneth J. 1973. “The Theory of Discrimination,” in Ashenfelter, O. and Rees, A. (eds.), Discrimination in Labor Markets, pp. 333. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Arrow, K. J. 1962. “Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention,” in Groves, H. M. (ed.), The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors, pp. 609626. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bardsley, Peter and Sherstyuk, Katerina. 2006. “Rat Races and Glass Ceilings,” Topics in Theoretical Economics 6(1): Article 13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, Gary S. (1957, 1971, 2nd edn.). The Economics of Discrimination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bessen, J. and Maskin, E.. 2009. “Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation,” RAND Journal of Economics 40(4): 611635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bush, V. 1945. Science, The Endless Frontier. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Cockburn, I., Kortum, S., and Stern, S.. 2003. “Are All Patent Examiners Equal? Examiners, Patent Characteristics, and Litigation Outcomes,” in Cohen, W. and Merrill, S. (eds.), Patents in the Knowledge-Based Economy, pp. 1953. Washington DC: National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Cornelli, F. and Schankerman, M.. 1999. “Patent Renewals and R&D Incentives,” RAND Journal of Economics 30(2): 197213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Croson, Rachel and Gneezy, Uri. 2009. “Gender Differences in Preferences,” Journal of Economic Literature 47(2): 448474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CSWEP (Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession). 2014. “Report: Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP)American Economic Review 104(5): 664681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dasgupta, P. and Stiglitz, J.. 1980. “Uncertainty, Industrial Structure, and the Speed of R&D,” Bell Journal of Economics 11: 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Solla Price, D. 1965. “Networks of Scientific Papers,” Science 149. 510515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fang, Hanming and Moro, Andrea. 2010. “Theories of Statistical Discrimination,” in Benhabib, Jess, Bisin, Alberto, and Jackson, Matthew (eds.), Handbook of Social Economics, Vol. IB, pp. 133200. Amsterdam: North-Holland Press.Google Scholar
Fershtman, C. and Gandal, N.. 2011a. “A Brief Survey of the Economics of Open Source Software,” in Durlauf, S. N. and Blume, L. E. (eds.), The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at www.dictionaryof economics.com/article?id=pde2011_O000108. doi: 10.1057/9780230226203.3855.Google Scholar
Fershtman, C. and Gandal, N.. 2011b. “Direct and Indirect Knowledge Spillovers: The ‘Social Network’ of Open Source Projects,” RAND Journal of Economics 42: 7091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furman, J. L., Murray, F., and Stern, S.. 2012. “The Impact of the Bush Stem Cell Policy on the Geography of Scientific Discovery,” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 31(3): 661705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furman, J. L. and Stern, S.. 2011. “Climbing Atop the Shoulders of Giants: The Impact of Institutions on Cumulative Research,” American Economic Review 101(5): 19331963.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furth, Helmut F. 1958. “Price Restrictive Patent Licenses Under the Sherman Act,” Harvard Law Review 71: 814842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galasso, A. and Schankerman, M.. 2015. “Patents and Cumulative Innovation: Causal Evidence from the Courts,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 130(1): 317369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallini, N. 2014. “Cooperating with Competitors: Patent Pooling and Choice of a New Standard,” International Journal of Industrial Organization 36: 421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallini, N. 2002. “The Economics of Patents: Lessons from Recent U.S. Patent Reform,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 16(2): 131154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallini, N. 1992. “Patent Policy and Costly Imitation,” RAND Journal of Economics 23(1): 5263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallini, N. 1984. “Deterrence by Market Sharing: A Strategic Incentive for Licensing,” American Economic Review 74(5): 931941.Google Scholar
Gallini, N. and Winter, R.. 1985. “Licensing in the Theory of Innovation,” RAND Journal of Economics 16(2): 237252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garfield, E. 1955. “Citation Indexes for Science – A New Dimension in Documentation through Association of Ideas,” Science 122: 108111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geiger, Roger L. 1986. To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research Universities, 1900–1940. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gertner, J. 2012. The Idea Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Gilbert, R. and Shapiro, C.. 1990. “Optimal Patent Length and Breadth,” RAND Journal of Economics 21(1): 106112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griliches, Z. 1998. R&D and Productivity: The Econometric Evidence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griliches, Z. 1990. “Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey,” Journal of Economic Literature 92: 630653.Google Scholar
Hall, B., Griliches, Z., and Hausman, J. (1986). “Patents and R and D: Is There a Lag,” International Economic Review 27(2): 265283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, B., Helmers, C., Graevenitz, G. V., and Bondibene, C. R.. 2014. “A Study of Patent Thickets,” Intellectual Property Office Research Paper No. 2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heller, M. and Eisenberg, R.. 1998. “Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research,” Science 280: 698701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopenhayn, H., Llobet, G., and Mitchell, M.. 2006. “Rewarding Sequential Innovators: Prizes, Patents and Buyouts,” Journal of Political Economy 114(6): 10411068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopenhayn, H. and Mitchell, M.. 2001. “Innovation Variety and Patent Breadth,” RAND Journal of Economics 32(1): 152166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaffe, A. 2000. “The U.S. Patent System in Transition,” Research Policy 29: 531557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaffe, A., Trajtenberg, M., and Henderson, R.. 1993. “Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citations,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 108(3): 577598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, K. and Murray, F.. 2005. “Intellectual Property Landscape of the Human Genome,” Science 310(5746): 239240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katz, M. L. 1986. “An Analysis of Cooperative Research and Development,” RAND Journal of Economics 17(4): 527543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, M. L. and Shapiro, C.. 1987. “R&D Rivalry with Licensing or Imitation,” American Economic Review 77(3): 402420.Google Scholar
Kirkwood, J. B. and Lande, R. H.. 2008. “The Fundamental Goal of Antitrust: Protecting Consumers, Not Increasing Efficiency,” Notre Dame Law Review 84(1): 191243.Google Scholar
Kitch, E. W. 1977. “The Nature and Function of the Patent System,” Journal of Law and Economics 20(2): 265290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klemperer, P. 1990. “How Broad Should the Scope of Patent Protection Be?,” RAND Journal of Economics 21(1): 113130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kremer, M. 1998. “Patent Buyouts: A Mechanism for Encouraging Innovation,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 113(4): 11371167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
La Manna, M., Macleod, R., and deMeza, D.. 1989. “The Case for Permissive Patents,” European Economic Review 37: 14271443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemley, M. A. 2007. “Should Patent Infringement Require Proof of Copying?,” Michigan Law Review 105: 9891084.Google Scholar
Lerner, J. and Schankerman, M.. 2011. The Comingled Code: Open Source and Economic Development. Cambridge MA and London: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Lerner, J. and Tirole, J.. 2004. “Efficient Patent Pools,” American Economic Review 94(3): 691711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lerner, J. and Tirole, J.. 2002. “Some Simple Economics of Open Source,” Journal of Industrial Economics 52: 197234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McFetridge, D. and Rafiquzzaman, M.. 1986. “The Scope and Duration of the Patent Right and the Nature of Research Rivalry,” Research in Law and Economics 8: 91120.Google Scholar
Merges, R. and Nelson, R. R.. 1990. “On the Complex Economics of Patent Scope,” Columbia Law Review 90: 839916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merton, R. K. 1973. The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Milgrom, Paul and Oster, Sharon. 1987. “Job Discrimination, Market Forces and the Invisibility Hypothesis,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 102: 453476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, F., Aghion, P., Dewatripont, M., Kolev, J., and Stern, S.. 2016. “Of Mice and Academics: Examining the Effect of Openness on Innovation,” American Economic Journal: Policy 8(1): 143.Google Scholar
Murray, F. and Stern, S.. 2007. “Do Formal Intellectual Property Rights Hinder the Free Flow of Scientific Knowledge? An Empirical Test of the Anti-Commons Hypothesis,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 63: 648687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagaraj, A. 2015. “The Private Impact of Public Maps – Landsat Satellite Imagery and Gold Exploration,” MIT Sloan mimeo.Google Scholar
Nordhaus, W. 1969. Invention, Growth, and Welfare: A Theoretical Treatment of Technological Change. Cambridge MA and London: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Phelps, Edmund S. 1972. “The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism,” American Economic Review 62(4): 659661.Google Scholar
Polansky, A. 2007. “Is the General Public License a Rational Choice?,” Journal of Industrial Economics 55(4): 691714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinganum, J. 1989. “The Timing of Innovation: Research, Development, and Diffusion,” in Schmalensee, R. and Willig, R. (eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, Vol. 1, pp. 849908. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Reinganum, J. 1982. “A Dynamic Game of R&D: Patent Protection and Competitive Behaviour,” Econometrica 50: 671688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinganum, J. 1981. “Dynamic Games of Innovation,” Journal of Economic Theory 25: 2141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, Caprice L. 2010. “The Case for Restitution and Unjust Enrichment Remedies in Patent Law,” Lewis & Clark Law Review 14(2): 653685.Google Scholar
Robson, Arthur J. 2001. “Why Would Nature Give Individuals Utility Functions?,” Journal of Political Economy 109(4): 900914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robson, Arthur J. 1996. “The Evolution of Attitudes to Risk: Lottery Tickets and Relative Wealth,” Games and Economic Behavior 14: 190207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossi, C. and Bonaccorsi, A.. 2005. “Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Incentives in Profit-Oriented Firms Supplying Open Source Products and Services,” First Monday 10(5). Available at http://pear.accc.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/1242.Google Scholar
Rowe, M. P. 1990. “Barriers to Equality: The Power of Subtle Discrimination to Maintain Unequal Opportunity,” Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal 3(2): 153163. Revised and extended from a series of papers called “Saturn’s Rings” and “Glass Ceiling” written 1973–1989. Available at http://ombud.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/barriers.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, M. P. 1976. “Rings of Saturn Phenomenon.” Available at http://mrowe.scripts.mit.edu/docs/Other/The%20Saturn’s%20Rings%20Phenomenon.pdf.Google Scholar
Sakakibara, M. and Branstetter, L.. 2001. “Do Stronger Patents Induce More Innovation? Evidence from the 1998 Japanese Patent Law Reforms,” RAND Journal of Economics 32: 77100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sampat, B. and Williams, H.. 2015. “How Do Patents Affect Follow-On Innovation? Evidence from the Human Genome,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 21666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarsons, Heather. 2015. “Gender Differences in Recognition for Group Work.” Harvard University. Available at http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/sarsons/files/gender_groupwork.pdf?m=1449178759.Google Scholar
Schumpeter, J. 1942. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Shapiro, C. 2006. “Prior User Rights,” American Economic Review 96: 92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapiro, C. 2001. “Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting,” in Jaffe, A., Lerner, J., and Stern, S. (eds.), Innovation Policy and the Economy, Vol. 1, pp. 119150. Cambridge MA and London: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Simcoe, T. and Rysman, M.. 2008. “Patents and the Performance of Voluntary Standard-Setting Organizations,” Management Science 54(11): 19201934.Google Scholar
Spence, A. M. 1984. “Cost Reduction, Competition, and Industry Performance,” Econometrica 52: 101121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trajtenberg, M. (1990) “Patents as Indicators of Innovation,” in Economic Analysis of Product Innovation. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
US District Court. 2003. Heary Bros. Lightning Protection Co., Inc. v. Lightning Protection Institute, 287 F. Supp. 2d 1038 (D. Ariz.).Google Scholar
US Federal Circuit. 1998. State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, 149 F.3d 1368.Google Scholar
US Supreme Court. 2014. Alice Corporation v. CLS Bank International, 134 S. Ct. 2347.Google Scholar
US Supreme Court. 2012. Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc., 132 S. Ct. 1289.Google Scholar
US Supreme Court. 2010. Bilski v. Kappos, 561 U.S. 593.Google Scholar
US Supreme Court. 1948. US v. Line Material Co., 333 U.S. 287.Google Scholar
US Supreme Court. 1926. United States v. General Electric Co., 272 U.S. 476.Google Scholar
US Supreme Court. 1912. US v. Terminal Railroad Assn., 224 U.S. 383.Google Scholar
US Supreme Court. 1853. O’Reilly v. Morse, 56 U.S. 62.Google Scholar
Vermont, S. 2006. “Independent Invention as a Defense to Patent Infringement,” Michigan Law Review 105(3): 475504.Google Scholar
West, J. and Gallagher, S.. 2006 “Challenges of Open Innovation: The Paradox of Firm Investment in Open Source Software,” R&D Management 36: 315–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, H. (2013), “Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from the Human Genome,” Journal of Political Economy 121(1): 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, B. 1983. “The Economics of Invention Incentives: Patents, Prizes, and Research Contracts,” American Economic Review 73: 691707.Google Scholar

Secondary Sources

Maurer, S. M. and Scotchmer, S.. 2014. “The Lost Message of Terminal Railroad,” California Law Review: Circuit (October 8).Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2013. “Patents in the University: Priming the Pump and Crowding Out,” Journal of Industrial Economics 61(3): 817844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Zhou, J.. 2011. “Picking Winners in Rounds of Elimination.” Available at http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~scotch/winners.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2010a. “Cap-and-Trade, Emissions Taxes, and Innovation,” Innovation Policy and the Economy 11: 2954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2010b. “Openness, Open Source, and the Veil of Ignorance,” Proceedings of the American Economic Association 100: 165171.Google Scholar
Erkal, N. and Scotchmer, S.. 2009. “Scarcity of Ideas and R&D Options: Use It, Lose It, or Bank It,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 09–14940.Google Scholar
Menell, P. and Scotchmer, S.. 2007. “Intellectual Property,” in Polinsky, M. and Shavell, S. (eds.), Handbook of Law and Economics, pp. 14721570. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Maurer, S. M. and Scotchmer, S.. 2006a. “Profit Neutrality in Licensing: The Boundary Between Antitrust Law and Patent Law,” American Law and Economics Review 8: 476522. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 234–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maurer, S. and Scotchmer, S.. 2006b. “Open Source Software: The New IP Paradigm,” in Hendershott, T. (ed.), Handbook of Economics and Information Systems, pp. 285319. Amsterdam: Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, Y. and Scotchmer, S.. 2005. “Digital Rights Management and the Pricing of Digital Products,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 11532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schankerman, M. and Scotchmer, S.. 2005. “Still Looking for Lost Profits: The Case of Horizontal Competition,” UC Berkeley Institute of Business and Economic Research Working Paper E05–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maurer, S. M. and Scotchmer, S.. 2004. “Procuring Knowledge,” in Libecap, G. (ed.), Intellectual Property and Entrepreneurship: Advances in the Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Growth, Vol. 15, pp. 131. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2004a. “The Political Economy of Intellectual Property Treaties,” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organizations 20: 415437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2004b. Innovation and Incentives. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2003. “Intellectual Property – When Is It the Best Incentive Mechanism for S&T Data?,” in Esanu, J. M. and Uhlir, P. F. (eds.), The Role of Scientific and Technical Data and Information in the Public Domain: Proceedings of a Symposium, pp. 1518. Washington DC: National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Samuelson, P. and Scotchmer, S.. 2002. “The Law and Economics of Reverse Engineering,” Yale Law Journal 111: 15751663. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 201–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maurer, S. M. and Scotchmer, S.. 2002. “The Independent-Invention Defense in Intellectual Property,” Economica 69: 535547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallini, N. and Scotchmer, S.. 2002. “Intellectual Property: When Is It the Best Incentive System?,” in Jaffe, A., Lerner, J., and Stern, S. (eds.), Innovation Policy and the Economy, Vol. 2, pp. 5178. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Reprinted 2007 in Cafaggi, Fabrizio, Nicita, Antonio, and Pagano, Ugo (eds.), Legal Orderings and Economic Institutions. Milton Park, UK: Routledge. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 59–82.Google Scholar
Schankerman, M. and Scotchmer, S.. 2001. “Damages and Injunctions in the Protection of Intellectual Property,” RAND Journal of Economics 32: 199220. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 167–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maurer, S. M. and Scotchmer, S.. 1999. “Database Protection: Is it Broken and Should We Fix It?,” Science 284: 11291130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scotchmer, S. 1999a. “On the Optimality of the Patent Renewal System,” RAND Journal of Economics 30: 181196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1999b. “Delegating Investment in a Common-Value Project,” UC Berkeley Institute of Business and Economic Research Working Paper E99–266.Google Scholar
O’Donoghue, T., Scotchmer, S., and Thisse, J.-F.. 1998. “Patent Breadth, Patent Life, and the Pace of Technological Improvement,” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 7: 132.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1998a. “Incentives to Innovate,” in Newman, Peter (ed.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, pp. 273277. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1998b. “R&D Joint Ventures and Other Cooperative Arrangements,” in Anderson, R. and Gallini, N. (eds.), Competition Policy and Intellectual Property Rights in the Knowledge-Based Economy, pp. 203222. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1996a. “Protecting Early Innovators: Should Second-Generation Products be Patentable?,” RAND Journal of Economics 27: 322331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1996b. “Patents as an Incentive System,” in Allen, B. (ed.), Economics in a Changing World, Vol. 2, pp. 281296. London and New York: Macmillan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1995. “On the Division of Profit Between Sequential Innovation,” RAND Journal of Economics 26: 2033. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 102–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gandal, N. and Scotchmer, S.. 1993. “Coordinating Research through Research Joint Ventures,” Journal of Public Economics 51: 173193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1991. “Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Cumulative Research and the Patent Law,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 5(1): 2941. Reprinted in Edwin, and Mansfield, Elizabeth (eds.), The Economics of Technical Change. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Company, 1993. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 89–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1990. “Novelty and Disclosure in Patent Law,” RAND Journal of Economics 21: 131146.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2008. “Risk Taking and Gender in Hierarchies,” Theoretical Economics 3: 499524.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2005. “Consumption Externalities, Rental Markets and Purchase Clubs,” Economic Theory 25: 235253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2005. “The Organization of Consumption, Production and Learning,” in Vind, K. (ed.), The Birgit Grodal Symposium. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2002. “The Core and Hedonic Core: Reply to Wooders (2001), with Counterexamples,” Journal of Mathematical Economics 37(4): 341353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2001. “Clubs and the Market: Large Finite Economies,” Journal of Economic Theory 101: 4077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2000. “A Theory of Firm Formation and Skills Acquisition,” Conference paper presented at World Congress of the Econometric Society, Seattle, WA (August 11–16).Google Scholar
Dekel, E. and Scotchmer, S.. 1999. “On the Evolution of Attitudes Towards Risk in Winner-Take-All Games,” Journal of Economic Theory 87: 125143. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 308–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 1999. “Clubs and the Market,” Econometrica 67: 11851218. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 285–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minehart, D. and Scotchmer, S.. 1999. “Ex Post Regret and the Decentralized Sharing of Information,” Games and Economic Behavior 27(1): 114131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engl, G. and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. “The Law of Supply in Games, Markets and Matching Models,” Economic Theory 9: 539550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamantaris, D., Gilles, R., and Scotchmer, S.. 1996. “The Decentralization of Pareto Optima in Economies with Public Goods and Inessential Private Goods,” Economic Theory 8: 555564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engl, G. and Scotchmer, S.. 1996. “The Core and the Hedonic Core: Equivalence and Comparative Statics,” Journal of Mathematical Economics 26: 209248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrell, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1994. “Irrational Behavior in the AT&T Investment Game,” Economics Letters 45: 471474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Thisse, J.-F.. 1994. “The Implications of Space for Competition,” Studies in Regional and Urban Planning 3: 227246. Also printed in Kirman, A., Gerard-Varet, L.-A., and Ruggiero, M. (eds.). 1995. Space and Value in Economics in the Next Ten Years. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dekel, E. and Scotchmer, S.. 1992. “On the Evolution of Optimizing Behavior,” Journal of Economic Theory 57(2): 392406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Thisse, J.-F.. 1992. “Space and Competition: A Puzzle,” Annals of Regional Science 26: 269286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrell, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1988. “Partnerships,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 103(2), 279297. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 269–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1986. “Market Share Inertia with More than Two Firms: An Existence Problem,” Economics Letters 21(1): 7779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Shannon, C.. 2010. “Verifiability and Group Formation in Markets.” Available at http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~scotch/groups-77.pdf.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2008. “Clubs,” in Blume, L. and Durlauf, S. (eds.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd edn., Vol. 1, pp. 834839. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2005. “The Organization of Consumption, Production and Learning,” in Schultz, C. and Vind, K. (ed.), The Birgit Grodal Symposium, pp. 149186. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2005. “Consumption Externalities, Rental Markets and Purchase Clubs,” Economic Theory 25: 235253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2002. “Local Public Goods and Clubs,” in Auerbach, Alan and Feldstein, Martin (eds.), Handbook of Public Economics, Vol. IV, pp. 19972042. Amsterdam: North-Holland Press.Google Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2001. “Clubs and the Market: Large Finite Economies,” Journal of Economic Theory 101: 4077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jehiel, P. and Scotchmer, S.. 2001. “Constitutional Rules of Exclusion in Jurisdiction Formation,” Review of Economic Studies 68: 393411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 1999. “Clubs and the Market,” Econometrica 67: 11851218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilles, R. and Scotchmer, S.. 1998. “Decentralization in Club Economies: How Multiple Private Goods Matter,” in Pines, David, Sadka, Ephraim, and Zilcha, Itzak (eds.), Topics in Public Economics: Theoretical and Applied Analysis, pp. 121138. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gilles, R. and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. “Decentralization in Replicated Club Economies,” Journal of Economic Theory 72: 363387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jehiel, P. and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. “Free Mobility and the Optimal Number of Jurisdictions,” Annales d’Economie et de Statistiques 45: 219231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1997. “On Price-Taking Equilibria in Club Economies with Nonanonymous Crowding,” Journal of Public Economics 65(1): 7588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glazer, A., Niskanen, E., and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. On the Uses of Club Theory: Preface to the Club Theory Symposium,” Journal of Public Economics 65(1): 38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1996. “Externality Pricing in Club Economies,” Ricerche Economiche 50(4): 347366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1994. “Concurrence et biens publics,” Annales d’Economie et de Statistique 33: 157186. Also published as “Public Goods and the Invisible Hand,” in Quigley, J. and Smolensky, E. (eds.). 1994. Modern Public Finance, pp. 93–119. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Wooders, M.. 1987. “Competitive Equilibrium and the Core in Club Economies with Anonymous Crowding,” Journal of Public Economics 34: 159173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1986. “Local Public Goods in an Equilibrium: How Pecuniary Externalities Matter,” Regional Science and Urban Economics 16: 463481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1985. “Two-Tier Pricing of Shared Facilities in a Free-Entry Equilibrium,” RAND Journal of Economics 16(4): 456472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1985. “Profit-Maximizing Clubs,” Journal of Public Economics 27: 2585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubinfeld, D. and Scotchmer, S.. 1998. “Contingent Fees,” in Newman, P. (ed.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, pp. 415420. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1998. “Rules of Evidence and Statistical Reasoning in Court,” in Newman, P. (ed.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, pp. 389394. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Schrag, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. “On the Self-Reinforcing Nature of Crime,” International Journal of Law and Economics 17: 325335.Google Scholar
Schrag, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1994. “Crime and Prejudice: The Use of Character Evidence in Criminal Trials,” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organizations 10(2): 319342.Google Scholar
Rubinfeld, D. and Scotchmer, S.. 1993. “Contingent Fees for Lawyers: An Economic Analysis,” RAND Journal of Economics 24: 343356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2002. “Local Public Goods and Clubs,” in Auerbach, Alan and Feldstein, Martin (eds.), Handbook of Public Economics, Vol. IV, pp. 19972042. Amsterdam: North-Holland Press.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1992. “The Regressive Bias in Taxation and Enforcement,” Public Finance 58: 366371.Google Scholar
Dekel, E. and Scotchmer, S.. 1990. “Collusion Through Insurance: Sharing the Costs of Oil Spill Cleanups,” American Economic Review 80: 249252.Google Scholar
Jones, C. A. and Scotchmer, S.. 1990. “The Social Cost of Uniform Regulatory Standards,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 19: 6172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quigley, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1989. “What Counts? Analysis Counts,” Journal of the Association for Policy Analysis 8(3): 483489.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1989a. “Who Profits from Taxpayer Confusion?,” Economics Letters 29: 4955.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1989b.“The Effect of Tax Advisors on Tax Compliance,” in Roth, J. and Scholz, J. (eds.), Why People Pay Taxes: A Social Science Perspective, pp. 182–199. Philadelphia PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1989c. “Equivalent Variation with Uncertain Prices,” Economics Letters 29: 127128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Slemrod, J.. 1989. “Randomness in Tax Enforcement,” Journal of Public Economics 38: 1732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1987. “Audit Classes and Tax Enforcement Policy,” American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 77(2): 229233. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 340–347.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1986.“The Short Run and Long Run Benefits of Environmental Improvement,” Journal of Public Economics 30: 6181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1985. “Hedonic Prices and Cost/Benefit Analysis,” Journal of Economic Theory 37(1): 5575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2008. “Risk Taking and Gender in Hierarchies,” Theoretical Economics 3: 499524.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2005. “Consumption Externalities, Rental Markets and Purchase Clubs,” Economic Theory 25: 235253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2005. “The Organization of Consumption, Production and Learning,” in Vind, K. (ed.), The Birgit Grodal Symposium. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2002. “The Core and Hedonic Core: Reply to Wooders (2001), with Counterexamples,” Journal of Mathematical Economics 37(4): 341353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2001. “Clubs and the Market: Large Finite Economies,” Journal of Economic Theory 101: 4077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2000. “A Theory of Firm Formation and Skills Acquisition,” Conference paper presented at World Congress of the Econometric Society, Seattle, WA (August 11–16).Google Scholar
Dekel, E. and Scotchmer, S.. 1999. “On the Evolution of Attitudes Towards Risk in Winner-Take-All Games,” Journal of Economic Theory 87: 125143. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 308–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 1999. “Clubs and the Market,” Econometrica 67: 11851218. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 285–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minehart, D. and Scotchmer, S.. 1999. “Ex Post Regret and the Decentralized Sharing of Information,” Games and Economic Behavior 27(1): 114131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engl, G. and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. “The Law of Supply in Games, Markets and Matching Models,” Economic Theory 9: 539550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamantaris, D., Gilles, R., and Scotchmer, S.. 1996. “The Decentralization of Pareto Optima in Economies with Public Goods and Inessential Private Goods,” Economic Theory 8: 555564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engl, G. and Scotchmer, S.. 1996. “The Core and the Hedonic Core: Equivalence and Comparative Statics,” Journal of Mathematical Economics 26: 209248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrell, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1994. “Irrational Behavior in the AT&T Investment Game,” Economics Letters 45: 471474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Thisse, J.-F.. 1994. “The Implications of Space for Competition,” Studies in Regional and Urban Planning 3: 227246. Also printed in Kirman, A., Gerard-Varet, L.-A., and Ruggiero, M. (eds.). 1995. Space and Value in Economics in the Next Ten Years. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dekel, E. and Scotchmer, S.. 1992. “On the Evolution of Optimizing Behavior,” Journal of Economic Theory 57(2): 392406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Thisse, J.-F.. 1992. “Space and Competition: A Puzzle,” Annals of Regional Science 26: 269286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrell, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1988. “Partnerships,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 103(2), 279297. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 269–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1986. “Market Share Inertia with More than Two Firms: An Existence Problem,” Economics Letters 21(1): 7779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Shannon, C.. 2010. “Verifiability and Group Formation in Markets.” Available at http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~scotch/groups-77.pdf.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2008. “Clubs,” in Blume, L. and Durlauf, S. (eds.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd edn., Vol. 1, pp. 834839. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2005. “The Organization of Consumption, Production and Learning,” in Schultz, C. and Vind, K. (ed.), The Birgit Grodal Symposium, pp. 149186. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2005. “Consumption Externalities, Rental Markets and Purchase Clubs,” Economic Theory 25: 235253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2002. “Local Public Goods and Clubs,” in Auerbach, Alan and Feldstein, Martin (eds.), Handbook of Public Economics, Vol. IV, pp. 19972042. Amsterdam: North-Holland Press.Google Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 2001. “Clubs and the Market: Large Finite Economies,” Journal of Economic Theory 101: 4077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jehiel, P. and Scotchmer, S.. 2001. “Constitutional Rules of Exclusion in Jurisdiction Formation,” Review of Economic Studies 68: 393411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, B., Grodal, B., Scotchmer, S., and Zame, W.. 1999. “Clubs and the Market,” Econometrica 67: 11851218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilles, R. and Scotchmer, S.. 1998. “Decentralization in Club Economies: How Multiple Private Goods Matter,” in Pines, David, Sadka, Ephraim, and Zilcha, Itzak (eds.), Topics in Public Economics: Theoretical and Applied Analysis, pp. 121138. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gilles, R. and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. “Decentralization in Replicated Club Economies,” Journal of Economic Theory 72: 363387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jehiel, P. and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. “Free Mobility and the Optimal Number of Jurisdictions,” Annales d’Economie et de Statistiques 45: 219231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1997. “On Price-Taking Equilibria in Club Economies with Nonanonymous Crowding,” Journal of Public Economics 65(1): 7588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glazer, A., Niskanen, E., and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. On the Uses of Club Theory: Preface to the Club Theory Symposium,” Journal of Public Economics 65(1): 38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1996. “Externality Pricing in Club Economies,” Ricerche Economiche 50(4): 347366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1994. “Concurrence et biens publics,” Annales d’Economie et de Statistique 33: 157186. Also published as “Public Goods and the Invisible Hand,” in Quigley, J. and Smolensky, E. (eds.). 1994. Modern Public Finance, pp. 93–119. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Wooders, M.. 1987. “Competitive Equilibrium and the Core in Club Economies with Anonymous Crowding,” Journal of Public Economics 34: 159173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1986. “Local Public Goods in an Equilibrium: How Pecuniary Externalities Matter,” Regional Science and Urban Economics 16: 463481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1985. “Two-Tier Pricing of Shared Facilities in a Free-Entry Equilibrium,” RAND Journal of Economics 16(4): 456472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1985. “Profit-Maximizing Clubs,” Journal of Public Economics 27: 2585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubinfeld, D. and Scotchmer, S.. 1998. “Contingent Fees,” in Newman, P. (ed.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, pp. 415420. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1998. “Rules of Evidence and Statistical Reasoning in Court,” in Newman, P. (ed.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, pp. 389394. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Schrag, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1997. “On the Self-Reinforcing Nature of Crime,” International Journal of Law and Economics 17: 325335.Google Scholar
Schrag, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1994. “Crime and Prejudice: The Use of Character Evidence in Criminal Trials,” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organizations 10(2): 319342.Google Scholar
Rubinfeld, D. and Scotchmer, S.. 1993. “Contingent Fees for Lawyers: An Economic Analysis,” RAND Journal of Economics 24: 343356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 2002. “Local Public Goods and Clubs,” in Auerbach, Alan and Feldstein, Martin (eds.), Handbook of Public Economics, Vol. IV, pp. 19972042. Amsterdam: North-Holland Press.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1992. “The Regressive Bias in Taxation and Enforcement,” Public Finance 58: 366371.Google Scholar
Dekel, E. and Scotchmer, S.. 1990. “Collusion Through Insurance: Sharing the Costs of Oil Spill Cleanups,” American Economic Review 80: 249252.Google Scholar
Jones, C. A. and Scotchmer, S.. 1990. “The Social Cost of Uniform Regulatory Standards,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 19: 6172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quigley, J. and Scotchmer, S.. 1989. “What Counts? Analysis Counts,” Journal of the Association for Policy Analysis 8(3): 483489.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1989a. “Who Profits from Taxpayer Confusion?,” Economics Letters 29: 4955.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1989b.“The Effect of Tax Advisors on Tax Compliance,” in Roth, J. and Scholz, J. (eds.), Why People Pay Taxes: A Social Science Perspective, pp. 182–199. Philadelphia PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1989c. “Equivalent Variation with Uncertain Prices,” Economics Letters 29: 127128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. and Slemrod, J.. 1989. “Randomness in Tax Enforcement,” Journal of Public Economics 38: 1732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1987. “Audit Classes and Tax Enforcement Policy,” American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 77(2): 229233. Reprinted in this volume at pp. 340–347.Google Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1986.“The Short Run and Long Run Benefits of Environmental Improvement,” Journal of Public Economics 30: 6181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotchmer, S. 1985. “Hedonic Prices and Cost/Benefit Analysis,” Journal of Economic Theory 37(1): 5575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
“Rain,” appeared in “Half-Baked Alaska,” Alaska Magazine, March 1997. Available at http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~scotch/alaska/rain.pdf.Google Scholar
“Ghosts of Christmases Past” (aka “Reminders of Home”), Alaska Magazine, December 1996. Available at http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~scotch/alaska/ghosts.pdf.Google Scholar
“Devils Club Tea,” Anchorage Daily News Sunday Magazine (We Alaskans), October 20, 1996. Available at http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~scotch/alaska/devils.pdf.Google Scholar
“Smoked Fish: A Christmas Story,” published in Seattle Times Sunday Magazine (The Pacific), December 17, 1995 and Anchorage Daily News Sunday Magazine (We Alaskans), December 17, 1995. Available at http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~scotch/alaska/smkedfsh.pdf.Google Scholar
Duke University: Frey Lecture 2008. “Suzanne Scotchmer, A Nonobvious Discussion of Patents.” Available at www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhE68ZHYJXM.Google Scholar
Barcelona Graduate School of Economics: “Use It, Lose It, or Bank It,” November 10, 2009. Available at www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnu8kEzRCMY.Google Scholar
University of California at Berkeley: Commencement Proceedings. Andrés Roemer Remembers Prof. Scotchmer (May 17, 2014). Available at https://gspp.berkeley.edu/events/webcasts/andrs-roemers-honors-professor-suzanne-scotchmer-at-2014-uc-berkeley-commen.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, D. and Akcigit, U.. 2012. “Intellectual Property Rights Policy, Competition and Innovation,” Journal of the European Economic Association 10(1): 142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agrawal, A. and Goldfarb, A.. 2008. “Restructuring Research: Communication Costs and the Democratization of University Innovation,” American Economic Review 98(4): 15781590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agrawal, A. and Goldfarb, A.. 2006. “Restructuring Research: Communication Costs and the Democratization of University Innovation,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 12812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anon. n.d. “Edison and the Invention Factory.” Available at http://edison.rutgers.edu/inventionfactory.htm.Google Scholar
Arrow, Kenneth J. 1973. “The Theory of Discrimination,” in Ashenfelter, O. and Rees, A. (eds.), Discrimination in Labor Markets, pp. 333. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Arrow, K. J. 1962. “Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention,” in Groves, H. M. (ed.), The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors, pp. 609626. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bardsley, Peter and Sherstyuk, Katerina. 2006. “Rat Races and Glass Ceilings,” Topics in Theoretical Economics 6(1): Article 13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, Gary S. (1957, 1971, 2nd edn.). The Economics of Discrimination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bessen, J. and Maskin, E.. 2009. “Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation,” RAND Journal of Economics 40(4): 611635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bush, V. 1945. Science, The Endless Frontier. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Cockburn, I., Kortum, S., and Stern, S.. 2003. “Are All Patent Examiners Equal? Examiners, Patent Characteristics, and Litigation Outcomes,” in Cohen, W. and Merrill, S. (eds.), Patents in the Knowledge-Based Economy, pp. 1953. Washington DC: National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Cornelli, F. and Schankerman, M.. 1999. “Patent Renewals and R&D Incentives,” RAND Journal of Economics 30(2): 197213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Croson, Rachel and Gneezy, Uri. 2009. “Gender Differences in Preferences,” Journal of Economic Literature 47(2): 448474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CSWEP (Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession). 2014. “Report: Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP)American Economic Review 104(5): 664681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dasgupta, P. and Stiglitz, J.. 1980. “Uncertainty, Industrial Structure, and the Speed of R&D,” Bell Journal of Economics 11: 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Solla Price, D. 1965. “Networks of Scientific Papers,” Science 149. 510515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fang, Hanming and Moro, Andrea. 2010. “Theories of Statistical Discrimination,” in Benhabib, Jess, Bisin, Alberto, and Jackson, Matthew (eds.), Handbook of Social Economics, Vol. IB, pp. 133200. Amsterdam: North-Holland Press.Google Scholar
Fershtman, C. and Gandal, N.. 2011a. “A Brief Survey of the Economics of Open Source Software,” in Durlauf, S. N. and Blume, L. E. (eds.), The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at www.dictionaryof economics.com/article?id=pde2011_O000108. doi: 10.1057/9780230226203.3855.Google Scholar
Fershtman, C. and Gandal, N.. 2011b. “Direct and Indirect Knowledge Spillovers: The ‘Social Network’ of Open Source Projects,” RAND Journal of Economics 42: 7091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furman, J. L., Murray, F., and Stern, S.. 2012. “The Impact of the Bush Stem Cell Policy on the Geography of Scientific Discovery,” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 31(3): 661705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furman, J. L. and Stern, S.. 2011. “Climbing Atop the Shoulders of Giants: The Impact of Institutions on Cumulative Research,” American Economic Review 101(5): 19331963.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furth, Helmut F. 1958. “Price Restrictive Patent Licenses Under the Sherman Act,” Harvard Law Review 71: 814842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galasso, A. and Schankerman, M.. 2015. “Patents and Cumulative Innovation: Causal Evidence from the Courts,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 130(1): 317369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallini, N. 2014. “Cooperating with Competitors: Patent Pooling and Choice of a New Standard,” International Journal of Industrial Organization 36: 421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallini, N. 2002. “The Economics of Patents: Lessons from Recent U.S. Patent Reform,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 16(2): 131154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallini, N. 1992. “Patent Policy and Costly Imitation,” RAND Journal of Economics 23(1): 5263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallini, N. 1984. “Deterrence by Market Sharing: A Strategic Incentive for Licensing,” American Economic Review 74(5): 931941.Google Scholar
Gallini, N. and Winter, R.. 1985. “Licensing in the Theory of Innovation,” RAND Journal of Economics 16(2): 237252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garfield, E. 1955. “Citation Indexes for Science – A New Dimension in Documentation through Association of Ideas,” Science 122: 108111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geiger, Roger L. 1986. To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research Universities, 1900–1940. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gertner, J. 2012. The Idea Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Gilbert, R. and Shapiro, C.. 1990. “Optimal Patent Length and Breadth,” RAND Journal of Economics 21(1): 106112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griliches, Z. 1998. R&D and Productivity: The Econometric Evidence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griliches, Z. 1990. “Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey,” Journal of Economic Literature 92: 630653.Google Scholar
Hall, B., Griliches, Z., and Hausman, J. (1986). “Patents and R and D: Is There a Lag,” International Economic Review 27(2): 265283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, B., Helmers, C., Graevenitz, G. V., and Bondibene, C. R.. 2014. “A Study of Patent Thickets,” Intellectual Property Office Research Paper No. 2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heller, M. and Eisenberg, R.. 1998. “Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research,” Science 280: 698701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopenhayn, H., Llobet, G., and Mitchell, M.. 2006. “Rewarding Sequential Innovators: Prizes, Patents and Buyouts,” Journal of Political Economy 114(6): 10411068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopenhayn, H. and Mitchell, M.. 2001. “Innovation Variety and Patent Breadth,” RAND Journal of Economics 32(1): 152166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaffe, A. 2000. “The U.S. Patent System in Transition,” Research Policy 29: 531557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaffe, A., Trajtenberg, M., and Henderson, R.. 1993. “Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citations,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 108(3): 577598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, K. and Murray, F.. 2005. “Intellectual Property Landscape of the Human Genome,” Science 310(5746): 239240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katz, M. L. 1986. “An Analysis of Cooperative Research and Development,” RAND Journal of Economics 17(4): 527543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, M. L. and Shapiro, C.. 1987. “R&D Rivalry with Licensing or Imitation,” American Economic Review 77(3): 402420.Google Scholar
Kirkwood, J. B. and Lande, R. H.. 2008. “The Fundamental Goal of Antitrust: Protecting Consumers, Not Increasing Efficiency,” Notre Dame Law Review 84(1): 191243.Google Scholar
Kitch, E. W. 1977. “The Nature and Function of the Patent System,” Journal of Law and Economics 20(2): 265290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klemperer, P. 1990. “How Broad Should the Scope of Patent Protection Be?,” RAND Journal of Economics 21(1): 113130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kremer, M. 1998. “Patent Buyouts: A Mechanism for Encouraging Innovation,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 113(4): 11371167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
La Manna, M., Macleod, R., and deMeza, D.. 1989. “The Case for Permissive Patents,” European Economic Review 37: 14271443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemley, M. A. 2007. “Should Patent Infringement Require Proof of Copying?,” Michigan Law Review 105: 9891084.Google Scholar
Lerner, J. and Schankerman, M.. 2011. The Comingled Code: Open Source and Economic Development. Cambridge MA and London: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Lerner, J. and Tirole, J.. 2004. “Efficient Patent Pools,” American Economic Review 94(3): 691711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lerner, J. and Tirole, J.. 2002. “Some Simple Economics of Open Source,” Journal of Industrial Economics 52: 197234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McFetridge, D. and Rafiquzzaman, M.. 1986. “The Scope and Duration of the Patent Right and the Nature of Research Rivalry,” Research in Law and Economics 8: 91120.Google Scholar
Merges, R. and Nelson, R. R.. 1990. “On the Complex Economics of Patent Scope,” Columbia Law Review 90: 839916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merton, R. K. 1973. The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Milgrom, Paul and Oster, Sharon. 1987. “Job Discrimination, Market Forces and the Invisibility Hypothesis,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 102: 453476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, F., Aghion, P., Dewatripont, M., Kolev, J., and Stern, S.. 2016. “Of Mice and Academics: Examining the Effect of Openness on Innovation,” American Economic Journal: Policy 8(1): 143.Google Scholar
Murray, F. and Stern, S.. 2007. “Do Formal Intellectual Property Rights Hinder the Free Flow of Scientific Knowledge? An Empirical Test of the Anti-Commons Hypothesis,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 63: 648687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagaraj, A. 2015. “The Private Impact of Public Maps – Landsat Satellite Imagery and Gold Exploration,” MIT Sloan mimeo.Google Scholar
Nordhaus, W. 1969. Invention, Growth, and Welfare: A Theoretical Treatment of Technological Change. Cambridge MA and London: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Phelps, Edmund S. 1972. “The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism,” American Economic Review 62(4): 659661.Google Scholar
Polansky, A. 2007. “Is the General Public License a Rational Choice?,” Journal of Industrial Economics 55(4): 691714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinganum, J. 1989. “The Timing of Innovation: Research, Development, and Diffusion,” in Schmalensee, R. and Willig, R. (eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, Vol. 1, pp. 849908. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Reinganum, J. 1982. “A Dynamic Game of R&D: Patent Protection and Competitive Behaviour,” Econometrica 50: 671688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinganum, J. 1981. “Dynamic Games of Innovation,” Journal of Economic Theory 25: 2141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, Caprice L. 2010. “The Case for Restitution and Unjust Enrichment Remedies in Patent Law,” Lewis & Clark Law Review 14(2): 653685.Google Scholar
Robson, Arthur J. 2001. “Why Would Nature Give Individuals Utility Functions?,” Journal of Political Economy 109(4): 900914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robson, Arthur J. 1996. “The Evolution of Attitudes to Risk: Lottery Tickets and Relative Wealth,” Games and Economic Behavior 14: 190207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossi, C. and Bonaccorsi, A.. 2005. “Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Incentives in Profit-Oriented Firms Supplying Open Source Products and Services,” First Monday 10(5). Available at http://pear.accc.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/1242.Google Scholar
Rowe, M. P. 1990. “Barriers to Equality: The Power of Subtle Discrimination to Maintain Unequal Opportunity,” Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal 3(2): 153163. Revised and extended from a series of papers called “Saturn’s Rings” and “Glass Ceiling” written 1973–1989. Available at http://ombud.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/barriers.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, M. P. 1976. “Rings of Saturn Phenomenon.” Available at http://mrowe.scripts.mit.edu/docs/Other/The%20Saturn’s%20Rings%20Phenomenon.pdf.Google Scholar
Sakakibara, M. and Branstetter, L.. 2001. “Do Stronger Patents Induce More Innovation? Evidence from the 1998 Japanese Patent Law Reforms,” RAND Journal of Economics 32: 77100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sampat, B. and Williams, H.. 2015. “How Do Patents Affect Follow-On Innovation? Evidence from the Human Genome,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 21666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarsons, Heather. 2015. “Gender Differences in Recognition for Group Work.” Harvard University. Available at http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/sarsons/files/gender_groupwork.pdf?m=1449178759.Google Scholar
Schumpeter, J. 1942. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Shapiro, C. 2006. “Prior User Rights,” American Economic Review 96: 92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapiro, C. 2001. “Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting,” in Jaffe, A., Lerner, J., and Stern, S. (eds.), Innovation Policy and the Economy, Vol. 1, pp. 119150. Cambridge MA and London: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Simcoe, T. and Rysman, M.. 2008. “Patents and the Performance of Voluntary Standard-Setting Organizations,” Management Science 54(11): 19201934.Google Scholar
Spence, A. M. 1984. “Cost Reduction, Competition, and Industry Performance,” Econometrica 52: 101121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trajtenberg, M. (1990) “Patents as Indicators of Innovation,” in Economic Analysis of Product Innovation. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
US District Court. 2003. Heary Bros. Lightning Protection Co., Inc. v. Lightning Protection Institute, 287 F. Supp. 2d 1038 (D. Ariz.).Google Scholar
US Federal Circuit. 1998. State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, 149 F.3d 1368.Google Scholar
US Supreme Court. 2014. Alice Corporation v. CLS Bank International, 134 S. Ct. 2347.Google Scholar
US Supreme Court. 2012. Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc., 132 S. Ct. 1289.Google Scholar
US Supreme Court. 2010. Bilski v. Kappos, 561 U.S. 593.Google Scholar
US Supreme Court. 1948. US v. Line Material Co., 333 U.S. 287.Google Scholar
US Supreme Court. 1926. United States v. General Electric Co., 272 U.S. 476.Google Scholar
US Supreme Court. 1912. US v. Terminal Railroad Assn., 224 U.S. 383.Google Scholar
US Supreme Court. 1853. O’Reilly v. Morse, 56 U.S. 62.Google Scholar
Vermont, S. 2006. “Independent Invention as a Defense to Patent Infringement,” Michigan Law Review 105(3): 475504.Google Scholar
West, J. and Gallagher, S.. 2006 “Challenges of Open Innovation: The Paradox of Firm Investment in Open Source Software,” R&D Management 36: 315–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, H. (2013), “Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from the Human Genome,” Journal of Political Economy 121(1): 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, B. 1983. “The Economics of Invention Incentives: Patents, Prizes, and Research Contracts,” American Economic Review 73: 691707.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Bibliography
  • Edited by Stephen M. Maurer, University of California, Berkeley
  • Book: On the Shoulders of Giants
  • Online publication: 12 October 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316443057.034
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Bibliography
  • Edited by Stephen M. Maurer, University of California, Berkeley
  • Book: On the Shoulders of Giants
  • Online publication: 12 October 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316443057.034
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Bibliography
  • Edited by Stephen M. Maurer, University of California, Berkeley
  • Book: On the Shoulders of Giants
  • Online publication: 12 October 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316443057.034
Available formats
×