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Chapter 5 - Neuroimaging Studies in Non-Motor Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2022

By
David J. Brooks
Edited by
Néstor Gálvez-Jiménez ,
Amos D. Korczyn  and
Ramón Lugo-Sanchez
Néstor Gálvez-Jiménez
Affiliation:
Florida International University
Amos D. Korczyn
Affiliation:
Tel-Aviv University
Ramón Lugo-Sanchez
Affiliation:
Cleveland Clinic
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Summary

It is now accepted that Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multi-system disorder associated not only with progressive assymetric limb bradykinesia, rigidity, rest tremor, and later postural impairment and gait difficulties, but also with dementia, depression, daytime somnolence, REM sleep behavior disorder, and autonomic dysfunction [1]. Pathologically PD is characterized by neuronal inclusions of abnormally aggregated α-synuclein in the form of Lewy bodies and neurites [2]. These target the nigro-striatal and meso-frontal dopaminergic projections impairing limb movement and executive functions, respectively. They also cause cholinergic neuronal loss from the nucleus basalis leading to attentional and memory deficits, serotonergic neuronal loss from the median raphe nuclei leading to affective and sleep disorders, and noradrenergic neuronal loss from the locus ceruleus resulting in REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), depression, and anxiety.

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Chapter
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Non-motor Parkinson's Disease , pp. 46 - 61
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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