Book contents
- Frontmatter
- PART I GOVERNMENT
- 1 Politics: Theory and Practice
- 2 Representation (Since the Thirteenth Century)
- 3 Popes and Councils
- PART II ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS
- PART III SPIRITUAL, CULTURAL AND ARTISTIC LIFE
- PART IV THE DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN STATES
- Appendix Genealogical Tables
- Primary Sources and Secondary Works Arranged by Chapter
- Index
- Frontispiece
- Plate section
- Map 1 European towns in the late Middle Ages
- Map 2 European commerce and trade
- Map 4 Winds and currents facilitating the discoveries
- Map 5 The universities o f Europe in 1400 and 1500
- Map 6 Germany and the Empire
- Map 20 The Roman Orthodox and Ottoman worlds in the fifteenth century
- References
1 - Politics: Theory and Practice
from PART I - GOVERNMENT
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2008
Edited by
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- PART I GOVERNMENT
- 1 Politics: Theory and Practice
- 2 Representation (Since the Thirteenth Century)
- 3 Popes and Councils
- PART II ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS
- PART III SPIRITUAL, CULTURAL AND ARTISTIC LIFE
- PART IV THE DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN STATES
- Appendix Genealogical Tables
- Primary Sources and Secondary Works Arranged by Chapter
- Index
- Frontispiece
- Plate section
- Map 1 European towns in the late Middle Ages
- Map 2 European commerce and trade
- Map 4 Winds and currents facilitating the discoveries
- Map 5 The universities o f Europe in 1400 and 1500
- Map 6 Germany and the Empire
- Map 20 The Roman Orthodox and Ottoman worlds in the fifteenth century
- References
Summary
europe dominated by war
in the summer of 1415 Henry V, king of England, invaded northern France. It might have been another of the lightning booty-raids of the previous century (the last had occurred in 1388), but once again an English force, as it withdrew, was overtaken by a French army in hot pursuit; once again, this time at Agincourt, the French suffered a disastrous defeat. The battle was to be the prelude to some forty years of warfare which brought both kingdoms in turn to the edge of the abyss. Yet the battle’s importance is further highlighted by the realisation that it was one of a series which, within a period of a few years, was to spark off wars destined to become a characteristic of the new century. In 1410 Fernando, regent of Castile, had captured Antequera from the Moors of Granada, while in the same year the Teutonic knights had been routed at Grunwald (Tannenberg) by a Polish–Lithuanian coalition. In 1411 Sultan Süleyman eliminated his last dynastic rival at Kosmidion, thereby initiating the rebuilding of the Ottoman Empire, which Tamerlane’s victory at the battle of Ankara, some ten years earlier, appeared to have permanently destroyed.
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The New Cambridge Medieval History , pp. 1 - 28Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1998
References
, Momo o del principe, ed. , , and , Genoa (1986)
, De Imperio Romano-Germanico libri duo, ed. , Zeitschrift der Savigny Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, Germanistische Abteilung
12 (1891); 13 (1892)
(1984), Die Reichsreform 1410– 1455. Die Staatsproblematik in Deutschland zwischen Mittelalter und Gegenwart, Munich
(1990), ‘Un prélat languedocien au milieu du XVe siècle: Bernard de Rosier, archevêque de Toulouse (1400– 1475)’, Journal des savants:Google Scholar
(1971), Saggi sul diplovatazio, Milan
(1983), La fonction royale. Essence et légitimité, d’après les ‘Tractatus’ de Jean de Terrevermeille, Paris
(1966), The crisis of the early Italian Renaissance. Civic humanism and republican liberty in an age of classicism and tyranny, Princeton
(1968), From Petrarch to Leonardo Bruni, Chicago
(1985), Naissance de la nation France, Paris; English trans., The birth of an ideology. Myths and symbols of nation in late medieval France, Berkeley (1991)
(1965), Paulus Vladimiri and his doctrine concerning international law and politics, The Hague
(1970), Monarchy and community. Political ideas in the later conciliar controversy, 1430– 1450, Cambridge
(1992), Political thought in Europe, 1250– 1450, Cambridge
(1985), ‘Breuk of continuïteit? De Vlamse privilegiën van 1477 in het licht van het staatsvormingsproces’, in (ed.), Le privilège général et les privilèges régionaux de Marie de Bourgogne pour les Pays-Bas, 1477, Heule
Google Scholar
(1993), ‘Les origines des états modernes en Europe, XIIIe– XVIIIe siècles: état de la question et perspectives’, in and (eds.), Visions sur le développement des états européens. Théories et historiographies de l’état moderne, Rome
Google Scholar
, The tree of battles of Honoré Bonet, ed. and trans. , Liverpool (1949)
(ed.) (1995), Economic systems and state finance, Oxford
, Laudatio Florentinae urbis, extracts in , Beiträge zur Geschichte und Literatur des Italianischen Gelehrtenrenaissance, Greifswald (1889), II
and (eds.) (1988), La ville, la bourgeoisie et la genèse de l’état moderne (XIIe– XVIIIe siècles), Paris
(1992), Lordship, kingship and empire. The idea of monarchy, 1400– 1525, Oxford
(ed.) (1988), The Cambridge history of medieval political thought, Cambridge
and (eds.) (1991), The Cambridge history of political thought, Cambridge
(1983), ‘Ideas of the state in the thirteenth and fourteenth-century commentators on Roman law’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5 th series 23
Google Scholar
(1987), The political thought of Baldus of Ubaldis, Cambridge
and (1903– 1936), A history of medieval political theory in the west, 6 vols., Edinburgh and London
, Le livre de l’espérance, ed. , Paris (1989)
, Le quadrilogue invectif ed. , Paris (1923)
, Oeuvres latines, ed. , Paris (1977)
, The poetical works of Alain Chartier, ed. , Cambridge (1974)
(1936), English constitutional ideas in the XVth century, Cambridge
(ed.) (1973 and 1976), Handbuch der Quellen und Literatur der neueren Europäischen Privatrechtsgeschichte, I and II, Munich
(1981), English literature in history, 1350– 1400. Medieval readers and writers, London
(1970), L’église. De Saint Augustin à l’époque moderne, Paris
(1980), La guerre au moyen âge, Paris; English trans., War in the Middle Ages, Oxford (1984)
(1989), L’état et les aristocraties (France, Angleterre, Ecosse), XIIe– XVIIe siècle, Paris
(1992), Histoire militaire de la France, des origines à 1715, Paris
(1977), ‘Les entrées solennelles en Provence au XIVe siècle. Aperçus nouveaux sur les entrées royales françaises au bas moyen âge’, Ethnologie française
7
Google Scholar
and (eds.) (1990), L’état moderne. Le droit, l’espace et les formes de l’état, Paris
Culture et idéologie dans la genèse de l’état moderne (1985), Collection de l’Ecole Française de Rome, 82, Rome
, De concordantia catholica, ed. , in Opera omnia, XIV, Hamburg (1959); English trans. and ed. , The Catholic concordance, Cambridge (1991)
, Orationes, in Deutsche Reichstagsakten, Göttingen (1957), XV: 2
XVI: 2
(1962), The political theory of John Wyclif, Chicago
, ‘Il De laudibus Mediolanensis urbis panegyricus’, ed. , Archivio storico Lombardo 4th series 8 (1907)Google Scholar
, Vita Philippi Mariae III Ligurum ducis, ed. , and , Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, 20: 1, Bologna (1925– 1958)
(1976), El humanismo castellano del siglo XV, Valencia
(1990), Fundamental authority in late medieval English law, Cambridge
, El regiment de la cosa publica, ed. , Els Nostres Clássics, 13, Barcelona (1927)
(1974), John Wyclif as legal reformer, Leiden
(1991), ‘Il principe e l’obbedienza. I primi scritti politici di Giovanni Pontano’, in Théologie et droit (1991)Google Scholar
, De pauperie salvatoris, bks I-IV in Iohannis Wyclif De dominio divino, ed. , Wyclif Society, London (1890); bks V– VII in , ‘An edition of Richard Fitzralph’s “De pauperie salvatoris” books V, VI and VII’, dissertation, University of Colorado (1954)
(1992a), ‘Die Rezeption der “Politica” des Aristoteles im 13 und 14 Jahrhundert’, in (1992)Google Scholar
(1992b), Rezeption und Interpretation der Aristotelischen Politica im späten Mittelalter, Cologne
, De laudibus legum Anglie, ed.
, Cambridge (1942)
, Opusculum de natura legis nature et de ejus censura in successione regnorum suprema, ed. , in The works of Sir John Fortescue, London (1869), II
, The governance of England, ed. , Oxford (1885); also in , , , and , (eds.), The politics of fifteenth-century England. John Vale’s book, Stroud (1995)
Four English political tracts of the later Middle Ages, ed. , Royal Historical Society, London (1977)
(1988), Renaissance humanism. Studies in philosophy and poetics, New York
(1992), Prédétermination et liberté créée à Oxford au XIVe siècle, Paris
(1990), ‘L’état moderne: un modèle opératoire?’, in (ed.), L’état moderne. Genèse, bilans et perspectives, Paris
Google Scholar
(1991), Le monde au moyen âge. Espaces, pouvoirs, civilisations, Paris
and (eds.) (1987), Genèse de l’état moderne. Prélèvement et redistribution, Paris
, Oeuvres complètes de Jean Gerson, ed. , VII, Paris (1968)
, Opera omnia, IV, Antwerp (1706)
(1961), ‘Philosophy and political thought in the fourteenth century’, in (ed.), The forward movement of the fourteenth century, Columbus
Google Scholar
(1941), Argument from Roman law in political thought, 12007–1600, Cambridge, Mass
and (eds) (1988), Renaissance du pouvoir législatif et genèse de l’état, Montpellier
(1987), Entre l’église et l’état. Quatre vies de prélats français à la fin du moyen âge (XIIIe– XV siècle), Paris; English trans., Between Church and state. The lives of four French prelates in the late Middle Ages, Chicago and London (1991)
(1991), L’occident aux XIVe et XVe siècles. Les états, 4th edn, Paris; English trans., States and rulers in later medieval Europe, Oxford (1985)
(1992), Un meurtre, une société. L’assassinat du duc d’Orléans 23 novembre 1407, Paris
and (1968), Les entrées royales françaises de 1328 à 1515, Paris
(1941), Piero da Monte. Ein Gelehrter und päpstlicher Beamter des 15 Jahrhundert: seine Briefsammlung, Rome
(1983), The lit de justice of the kings of France. Constitutional ideology in legend, ritual and discourse, Princeton
(1968), Europe. The emergence of an idea, 2nd edn, Edinburgh
(1976), ‘In quest of the vera ecclesia: the crises of late medieval ecclesiology’, Viator
7
Google Scholar
(1965), George of Bohemia, king of heretics, Princeton
, The regement of princes, ed. , Early English Text Society, extra series, 72, London (1897)
(1992), The later crusades, 1272– 1580. From Lyons to Alcazar, Oxford
(1988), The premature Reformation. Wycliffite texts and Lollard history, Oxford
, Magistri Johannis Hus tractatus de ecclesia, ed. , Boulder (1956)
(1988), Humanistic historiography under the Sforzas, Oxford
(1990), ‘Les caractéristiques constitutionnelles du Saint Empire Romain de Nation Germanique au XVe siècle’, in and (1990)Google Scholar
(1984), Vivat rex. Histoire des sacres et couronnements en France, 1364– 1825, Strasburg; English trans., Vive le roi. A history of the French coronation from Charles V to Charles X, Chapel Hill and London (1984)
(1994), Writing and rebellion. England in 1381, Berkeley
, Ecrits politiques, ed. , 3 vols., Société de l’Histoire de France, Paris (1985– 1993)
(1988), War, justice and public order. England and France in the later Middle Ages, Oxford
(1964), ‘Peter Chelciky: treatises on Christianity and social order’, Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History
1
Google Scholar
(1957), The king’s two bodies, Princeton
(1985), Wyclif, Oxford
(1970), Consilia. Eine Bibliographie der juristischen Konsiliensammlungen, Basle
(1981), Idéal du prince et pouvoir royal en France à la fin du moyen âge (1380– 1440). Essai sur la littérature politique du temps, Paris
(1991), ‘Les légistes “Idiots politiques”. Sur l’hostilité des théologiens à l’égard des juristes, en France, au temps de Charles V’, in Théologie et droit (1991)Google Scholar
(1993), L’empire du roi. Idées et croyances politiques en France XIIIe– XVe siècle, Paris
and (eds.) (1992), Droits savants et pratiques françaises du pouvoir (XIe– XVe siècles), Bordeaux
L’ordonnance cabochienne, ed. , Paris (1891)
(1956– 1970), La naissance de l’esprit laïque au moyen âge, 5 vols., 3rd edn, Paris and Louvain
Le songe du vergier, ed. , 2 vols., Paris (1982)
(1957), Bradwardine and the Pelagians, Cambridge
(1968), Paris and Oxford Universities in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, London
(1976), The dissolution of the medieval outlook, New York
(1993), Ecrits politiques de Jean Juvénal des Ursins, III: La vie et l’œuvre, Société de l’Histoire de France, Paris
(1950), Juan de Mena, poeta del prerenacimiento español, Mexico
(1964), La donazione di Costantino nei giuristi medievali, Milan
(1966), Gli inizi dell’umanesimo giuridico, Milan
(1968), Zur Entstehung des moderne Staatsbegriffs, Mainz and Wiesbaden
(1984), ‘Republik’, in , , and , (eds.), Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe. Historisches Lexikon zur politisch-sozialen Sprache in Deutschland, Stuttgart, V
Google Scholar
(1991), ‘Res publica chez les juristes, théologiens et philosophes à la fin du moyen âge’, in Théologie et droit (1991)Google Scholar
, Journal des états généraux tenus à Tours, ed. , Collection des Documents Inédits, Paris (1835)
(1952), John Wycliffe and the beginnings of English non-conformity, London
(1972), Lancastrian kings and Lollard knights, Oxford
(1974), The political thought of William of Ockham, Cambridge
(1932), The growth of political thought in the west, New York
(1975), ‘Papalists and antipapalists: aspects of the Church/State controversy in the later Middle Ages’, Viator
6
Google Scholar
, El laberinto de fortuna, ed. , Mâcon (1904)
(1973), Das Weltfriedensmanifest König Georgs von Podiebrad. Ein Beitrag zur diplomatie des 15Jahrhunderts, Kirnbach
(1969), Ockhams Weg zur Sozialphilosophie, Berlin
(1982), ‘Die Traktate De potestate papae – ein typus politiktheoretischer Literatur im späteren Mittelalter’, in , and (eds.), Les genres littéraires dans les sources théologiques et philosophiques médiévales, Louvain
Google Scholar
(1991a), ‘Kaiser und Papst im Spätmittelalter: Die Traktate De potestate papae’, in (ed.), Politische Theorien von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, Bonn
Google Scholar
(ed.) (1992), Das publikum politischer Theorie im 14Jahrhundert, Munich
(1958), Unitas Christiana. Studien zur Gesellschaftsidee des Nikolaus von Kues, Trier
, De potestate romani pontificis et generalis concilii, ed. , Bibliotheca maxima pontificia, Rome (1698), XVIII
(1981), Civic ritual in Renaissance Venice, Princeton
(1964), The political thought of Pierre d’Ailly, Yale
(1981), ‘Natural law, the Corpus mysticum, and consent in conciliar thought from John of Paris to Mathias Ugonis’, Speculum
56
Google Scholar
(1956), Archbishop Thomas Bradwardine. A fourteenth-century Augustinian, Utrecht
and (1971), La période post-classique (1378– 1500), I: La problématique de l’époque. Les sources, Histoire du Droit et des Institutions de l’Eglise, 13, Paris
(1980), The age of reform 1250– 1550. An intellectual and religious history of late medieval and Reformation Europe, New Haven and London
(ed.) (1987), The languages of political′theory in early modern Europe, Cambridge
(1954), Die Prädestinationslehre des Duns Skotus, Göttingen
(1973), ‘Il pensiero politico dei giuristi medievali’, in , (ed.), Storia delle idee politiche, economiche e sociale, Turin, II
Google Scholar
(1973), Jean Gerson. Principles of church reform, Leiden
(n.d.), Couleurs, images, symboles. Etudes d’histoire et d’anthropologie, Paris
, Epistola de ortu et auctoritate imperii romani, in , Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini als Publizist in der Epistola de ortu et auctoritate imperii romani’, Cologne (1939)
, Le livre de la mutacion de fortune par Christine de Pisan, ed. , Paris (1959)
, Le livre du cops de policie, ed. , Geneva (1967)
(1970), La philosophie politique de Marsile de Padoue, Paris
(1977), La philosophie politique du Songe du Vergier (1378). Sources doctrinales, Paris
(ed.) (1988), Renaissance humanism. Foundations, forms and legacy, I, Philadelphia
(1984), Kingdoms and communities in western Europe, Oxford
(1961), Wyclif and the Oxford schools, Oxford
Rotuli parliamentorum, 6 vols., London (1767– 1777)
(1980), L’esthétique du traité moral d’après les œuvres d’Alain Chartier, Geneva
(1991), Corpus Christi. The Eucharist in late medieval culture, Cambridge
(1979), ‘Le dottrine politiche nel rinascimento’, in , (ed.), Il Rinascimento. Interpretazion e problemi, Rome and Bari
Google Scholar
(1987), ‘Le traité du cardinal Jean de Torquemada sur la pauvreté evangélique’, Archivum fratrum praedicatorum
57
Google Scholar
(1963), Nicholas of Cusa and medieval political thought, Cambridge, Mass.
(1981), Die Fürstenspiegel in Deutschland im Zeitalter des Humanismus und der Reformation, Munich
(1978), The foundations of modern political thought, 2 vols., Cambridge
(1966), John Hus’ concept of the Church, Princeton
(1987), Peccatum und Potestas. Der Sündenfall und die Entstehung der herrscherlichen Gewalt im mittelalterlichen Staatsdenken, Sigmaringen
Théologie et droit dans la science politique de l’état moderne (1991), Collection de l’Ecole Française de Rome, 147, Rome
(1965), The later Lollards 1414– 1520, Oxford
(1983), The Latin writings of John Wyclif
Toronto
(1972), Origins of papal infallibility, 1150– 1350. A study on the concepts of infallibility, sovereignty and tradition in the Middle Ages, Leiden
and (eds.) (1980), Authority and power. Studies in medieval law and government presented to Walter Ullmann on his seventieth birthday, Cambridge
(1990), Coercion, capital and European states A.D. 900– 1990, New York
, Oratio synodalis de primatu, ed. , Rome (1954)
(1980), Public life in Renaissance Florence, New York
, Consiliorum sive responsorium volumen tertium, Venice (1575)
(1961), Principles of government and politics in the Middle Ages, London
(1974), ‘Die Bulle Unam Sanctam: Rückblick und Ausblick’, Römische Historischen Mitteilungen
16
Google Scholar
(1975), Medieval political thought, Harmondsworth
(1992), ‘La cour de Brabant sous les ducs de la branche cadette de Bourgogne-Valois, 1406– 1430’, in Actes des journées internationales Claus Sluter, 1990, Dijon
Google Scholar
(1974), Charles VII, London
(1981), ‘Qui sa vertu anoblist’. Le concept de noblesse et de chose publique dans la pensée politique bourguignonne, Groningen
(ed.) (1966), Cultus pacis. Etudes et documents du ‘Symposium Pragense Cultus Pacis 1464– 1964’, Prague
(1934), Justification et prédestination au XIVe siècle. Duns Scot, Pierre d’Auriole, Guillaume d’Occam, Grégoire de Rimini, Paris
, James of, De regimine Christiano, ed. , in Le plus ancien traité de l’église. Jacques de Viterbo, De regimine Christiano’, Paris (1926)
(1952), Die Geburtstunde des souveränen Staates, Regensburg
(1971), Alain Chartier. Etudes biographiques, Amsterdam
(1981), A fourteenth-century scholar and primate. Richard Fitzralph in Oxford, Avignon and Armagh, Oxford
(1976), Imperiales Königstum, Konziliarismus und Volkssouveränität. Studien zu den Grenzen des mittelalterlichen Souveränitätsgedankens, Munich
(1963), The political ideas of Nicholas of Cusa, with special reference to his ‘De concordantia catholica’, Geneva
(1963), Enea Silvio Piccolomini in der sittlichen und politischen Entscheidung, Basle
(1969), The development of Florentine humanist historiography in the fifteenth century, Cambridge, Mass.
(1964), The problem of sovereignty in the later Middle Ages. The papal monarchy with Augustinus Triumphus and the publicists, Cambridge
(1913), Bartolus of Sassoferrata. His position in the history of medieval political thought, Cambridge
, De dominio divino, ed. , Wyclif Society, London (1890)
, De potestate papae, ed. , Wyclif Society, London (1907)
, De veritate sacrae scripturae, ed. , 3 vols., Wyclif Society, London (1905– 1907)
, Tractatus de civili dominio liber primus, ed. , and , 3 vols., Wyclif Society, London (1890– 1904)
, Tractatus de officio regis, ed. , and , 3 vols., Wyclif Society, London (1887)