Book contents
- Frontmatter
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The papacy, 1024–1122
- 3 The western empire under the Salians
- 4 Italy in the eleventh century
- 5 The kingdom of the Franks to 1108
- 6 Spain in the eleventh century
- 7 England and Normandy 1042–1137
- 8 The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1118
- 9 Kievan Rus’, the Bulgars and the southern Slavs, c. 1020 – c. 1200
- 10 Poland in the eleventh and twelfth centuries
- 11 Scandinavia in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
- 12 Hungary in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
- 13 The papacy, 1122–1198
- 14 The western empire, 1125–1197
- 15 Italy in the twelfth century
- (a) Northern and central Italy in the twelfth century
- (b) Norman Sicily in the twelfth century
- 16 Spain in the twelfth century
- 17 The kingdom of the Franks from Louis VI to Philip II
- 18 England and the Angevin dominions, 1137–1204
- 19 Scotland, Wales and Ireland in the Twelfth Century
- 20 The Byzantine Empire, 1118–1204
- 21 The Latin East, 1098–1205
- 22 ’Abbasids, Fatimids and Seljuqs
- 23 Zengids, Ayyubids and Seljuqs
- Appendix: genealogical tables
- List of primary sources
- Bibliography of Secondary Works Arranged by Chapter
- Index
- Map 1a The western empire: Burgundy and Provence in the eleventh century"
- Map 1b The western empire: Germany and the north-eastern frontier of Christendom in the eleventh century"
- Map 3 The kingdom of the Franks"
- Map 4 England and Normandy"
- Map 10 Germany under Frederick Barbarossa, c. 1190">
- Map 12 The Angevin empire"
- References
(a) - Northern and central Italy in the twelfth century
from 15 - Italy in the twelfth century
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2008
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The papacy, 1024–1122
- 3 The western empire under the Salians
- 4 Italy in the eleventh century
- 5 The kingdom of the Franks to 1108
- 6 Spain in the eleventh century
- 7 England and Normandy 1042–1137
- 8 The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1118
- 9 Kievan Rus’, the Bulgars and the southern Slavs, c. 1020 – c. 1200
- 10 Poland in the eleventh and twelfth centuries
- 11 Scandinavia in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
- 12 Hungary in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
- 13 The papacy, 1122–1198
- 14 The western empire, 1125–1197
- 15 Italy in the twelfth century
- (a) Northern and central Italy in the twelfth century
- (b) Norman Sicily in the twelfth century
- 16 Spain in the twelfth century
- 17 The kingdom of the Franks from Louis VI to Philip II
- 18 England and the Angevin dominions, 1137–1204
- 19 Scotland, Wales and Ireland in the Twelfth Century
- 20 The Byzantine Empire, 1118–1204
- 21 The Latin East, 1098–1205
- 22 ’Abbasids, Fatimids and Seljuqs
- 23 Zengids, Ayyubids and Seljuqs
- Appendix: genealogical tables
- List of primary sources
- Bibliography of Secondary Works Arranged by Chapter
- Index
- Map 1a The western empire: Burgundy and Provence in the eleventh century"
- Map 1b The western empire: Germany and the north-eastern frontier of Christendom in the eleventh century"
- Map 3 The kingdom of the Franks"
- Map 4 England and Normandy"
- Map 10 Germany under Frederick Barbarossa, c. 1190">
- Map 12 The Angevin empire"
- References
Summary
THE KINGDOM OF ITALY AND THE PAPAL STATES IN THE TIME OF LOTHAR II AND CONRAD III
The Salian dynasty died out in 1125 and Lothar of Supplinburg, duke of Saxony, came to the throne, in accordance with the wishes of both the German episcopate and Pope Honorius II. However the election in Germany of an anti-king in 1128, in the person of Conrad of the Swabian Staufen, involved Italy, for Conrad sought support there against Lothar, succeeding in having himself crowned with all solemnity by Archbishop Anselm of Milan, then in disagreement with Honorius II for ecclesiastical reasons. As a member of the house of Swabia Conrad considered himself heir, through kinship, to the allodial patrimonia which had belonged to Henry V. He also claimed lands which Henry had occupied in Italy as heir to Matilda of Canossa, a claim destined to give rise to conflicts with the Roman church, to which Matilda had given her possessions before the agreement drawn up with Henry V in 1111. Neither the coronation in Italy nor his claims to Matilda’s estates strengthened Conrad’s cause during these years and in 1130 he returned to Germany, where he engaged in a fruitless quarrel with Lothar.
Honorius II died in the same year, giving rise to a papal schism between Innocent II and Anacletus II. This schism reflected disagreement among the cardinals, although by this time they had all moved towards the idea of a reforming pontificate, and disagreement between the two families which had now become the most powerful in Rome, the Frangipani, who supported Innocent, and the Pierleoni, who upheld Anacletus. Anacletus prevailed in the city itself and Innocent took refuge in France, where a council pronounced in his favour, in part because of the eloquence of Bernard of Clairvaux. Lothar then overcame his own irresolution and descended into Italy in support of Pope Innocent. He stayed in Lombardy, divided between the hostility of Milan and Crema and the allegiance of Pavia, Cremona, Piacenza and other cities.
Keywords
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- The New Cambridge Medieval History , pp. 422 - 441Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2004
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