Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T22:29:21.794Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

7 - England and Normandy 1042–1137

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

David Luscombe
Affiliation:
University of Sheffield
Jonathan Riley-Smith
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Get access

Summary

the century after Edward the Confessor returned from exile in Normandy to be crowned king of England in 1042 might be called the century of the Norman Conquest, which led to the formation of a short-lived Anglo-Norman realm. Already foreshadowed by personal dynastic ties, it became a visible reality when William the Conqueror, having restored the ducal authority and the military power of the duchy, united Normandy with the kingdom of England in 1066. Under his sons William Rufus and Henry some further conquest and consolidation continued, accompanied by a measure of social and administrative cross-fertilization; though closer union continued to seem a possibility it had not been achieved by the time King Stephen lost his grip on the duchy. Union of a different kind was restored only for a time in the wider complex known as the Angevin empire.

Edward the Confessor, the son of King Æthelred II and Emma of Normandy, returned to a kingdom that had recently undergone a major territorial upheaval as a result of the Scandinavian conquest. Most of the older nobility had been replaced either by Scandinavian followers of the Danish rulers or by newly enriched members of obscure Saxon families; pre-eminent among the new earls were Earl Godwine and his sons. The earls at this time were in the position of provincial governors, with particular responsibilities for defence. Initially their power and wealth posed no immediate threat to the king; the monarchy was strong, the underlying structure of local communities stable and the kingdom wealthy. Variations in local law and custom, particularly noticeable in the eastern counties of the Danelaw where Danish settlement had left its mark, did not destroy the unity achieved by the West-Saxon kings and reinforced under Cnut.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barlow, F. (1970), Edward the Confessor, London
Barlow, F. (1983), William Rufus, London
Barrow, G. W. S. (1973), The Kingdom of the Scots, London
Bates, D. (1982), Normandy before 1066, London and New York
Bates, D. (1989a), ‘Normandy and England after 1066’, English Historical Review 104Google Scholar
Bates, D. (1989b), William the Conqueror, London
Bishop, T. A. M. (1961), Scriptores regis, Oxford
Blackburn, M. (1991), ‘Coinage and currency under Henry I’, Anglo-Norman Studies 13Google Scholar
Brand, P. (1990), ‘“Multis vigiliis excogitatem et inventam”: Henry II and the creation of the common law’, Haskins Society Journal 2Google Scholar
Brown, R. A. (1985), The Normans and the Norman Conquest, 2nd edn, Woodbridge
Brown, R. A., Chibnall, M. and Harper-Bill, C., ed. Anglo-Norman Studies, (1979–), Woodbridge and Wolfeboro Barlow
Caenegem, R. C. (1976), ‘Public prosecution of crime in twelfth-century Eng-land’, in Brooke, C. N. L. et al. (eds.), Church and Government in the Middle Ages, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Caenegem, R. C. (ed.) (1959), Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill (Selden Society 77), London
Caenegem, R. C. (ed.) (1990), English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I, I (Selden Society 106), London
Campbell, J. (1987), ‘Some agents and agencies of the late Anglo-Saxon state’, in Holt (1987b)
Chaplais, P.(19651969), ‘The Anglo-Saxon chancery from the diploma to the writ’, Journal of the Society of Archivists 3Google Scholar
Chibnall, M. (1986), Anglo-Norman England 1066–1166, Oxford
Chibnall, M. (1991), The Empress Matilda, Oxford
Clanchy, M. (1979), From Memory to Written Record, London
Crouch, D. (1987), The Beaumont Twins (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought), Cambridge
David, C. W. (1920), Robert Curthose (Harvard Historical Studies 5), Cambridge, MA
Davies, R. R. (1987), Conquest, Coexistence and Change in Wales, 1063–1415, Oxford
Davis, R. H. C. (1980), ‘William of Jumièges, Robert Curthose and the Norman succession’, English Historical Review 95Google Scholar
Davis, R. H. C. (1987), ‘Domesday Book: continental parallels’, in Holt (1987b)
Davis, R. H. C. (1990), King Steven, 3rd edn, London and New York
Douglas, D. C. (1946), ‘The Earliest Norman counts’, English Historical Review 61Google Scholar
Douglas, D. C. (1964), William the Conqueror, London
Eales, R. (1990), ‘Royal power and castles in Norman England’, in Harper-Bill, C. and Harvey, R. (eds.), The Ideals and Practices of Medieval Knighthood, 3 vols., Woodbridge and WolfeboroGoogle Scholar
Fleming, R. (1991), Kings and Lords in Conquest England, Cambridge
Flori, J. (1986), L’Essor de la Chevalerie XIe–XIIe siècles, Geneva
Garnett, G. (1986), ‘Coronation and propaganda: some implications of the Norman claim to the throne of England in 1066’, TRHS 5th series, 36Google Scholar
Green, J. A. (1981), ‘The last century of Danegeld’, English Historical Review 96Google Scholar
Green, J. A. (1982), ‘“Praeclarum et magnificum antiquitatis monumentum”: the ear-liest surviving Pipe Roll’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 55Google Scholar
Green, J. A. (1986), The Government of England under Henry I (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought), Cambridge
Green, J. A. (1989), ‘Unity and disunity in the Anglo-Norman state’, Historical Research 63Google Scholar
Haskins, C. H. (1925), Norman Institutions (Harvard Historical Studies 24), Cambridge, MA
Hollister, C. W. (1973), ‘The strange death of William Rufus’, Speculum 48Google Scholar
Hollister, C. W. (1975), ‘The Anglo-Norman succession debate of 1126: prelude to Stephen’s anarchy’, Journal of Medieval History 6Google Scholar
Hollister, C. W. (1976), ‘Normandy, France and the Anglo-Norman regnum’, Speculum 51Google Scholar
Hollister, C. W. (1978a), ‘The origins of the English treasury’, English Historical Review 93Google Scholar
Hollister, C. W. (1978b), ‘The rise of administrative kingship: Henry I’, American Historical Review 83Google Scholar
Hollister, C. W. (1986) Monarchy, Magnates and Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World, London and Ronceverte
Hollister, C. W. (1987), ‘The Greater Domesday tenants-in-chief’, in Holt, J. C. (ed.), Domesday Studies, Woodbridge and WolfeboroGoogle Scholar
Holt, J. C. (1972), ‘Politics and property in early medieval England’, Past and Present 57Google Scholar
Holt, J. C. (1984), ‘The introduction of knight service into England’, Anglo-Norman Studies 6Google Scholar
Holt, J. C. (1987a), ‘1066’, in Holt (1987b)
Holt, J. C. (ed.) (1987b), Domesday Studies, Woodbridge and Wolfeboro
Houts, E. M. C. (1988), ‘The ship list of William the Conqueror’, Anglo-Norman Studies 10Google Scholar
Hyams, P. (1987), ““No register of title”: the Domesday inquest and land adjudication’, Anglo-Norman Studies 9Google Scholar
Kealey, E. J. (1972), Roger of Salisbury, Berkeley, Los Angeles and London
Keynes, S. (1991), ‘The Æthelings in Normandy’, Anglo-Norman Studies 13Google Scholar
Lewis, C. P. (1991), ‘The early earls of Norman England’, Anglo-Norman Studies 13Google Scholar
Leyser, K. (1960), ‘England and the empire in the early twelfth century’, TRHS 5th series, 10Google Scholar
Leyser, K. (1991), ‘The Anglo-Norman succession, 1120–1125’, Anglo-Norman Studies 13Google Scholar
Loyn, H. R. (1962), Anglo-Saxon England and the Norman Conquest, London
Mason, J. F. A. (1963), ‘Roger de Montgomery and his sons (1067–1102)’, in TRHS 5th series, 13Google Scholar
Milsom, S. E. C. (1976), The Legal Framework of English Feudalism, Cambridge
Musset, L. (1968), ‘Gouvernés et gouvernants dans le monde scandinave et dans le monde normand’, in Gouvern és et gouvernants 2 (Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin), BrusselsGoogle Scholar
Musset, L. (1970), ‘Naissance de la Normandie’, in Bouard, Michel (ed.), Histoire de Normandie, ToulouseGoogle Scholar
Patourel, J. (1976), The Norman Empire, Oxford
Prestwich, J. R. (1954), ‘War and finance in the Anglo-Norman state’, TRHS 5th series, 4Google Scholar
Prestwich, J. R. (1981), ‘The military household of the Norman kings’, English Historical Review 96Google Scholar
Reynolds, S. (1977), An Introduction to the History of Medieval Towns, Oxford
Ritchie, R. L. G. (1954), The Normans in Scotland (Edinburgh University Publications, History, Philosophy and Economics 4), Edinburgh
Round, J. H. (1909), Feudal England, London
Searle, E. (1988), Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840–1066, Berkeley, Los Angeles and London
Southern, R. W. (1973), Medieval Humanism and Other Studies, Oxford
Southern, R. W. (1990), St Anselm: A Portrait in a Landscape, Cambridge
Stafford, P. (1989), Unification and Conquest: A Political and Social History of England in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries, London and New York
Stenton, F. et al., (1959), The Bayeux Tapestry, London
Stenton, F. M. (1961), The First Century of English Feudalism, 2nd edn, Oxford
Stenton, F. M. (1971), Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd edn, Oxford
Tabuteau, E. Z. (1988), Transfers of Property in Eleventh-Century Normandy, Chapel Hill and London
Yver, J. (1957), ‘Les châteaux forts en Normandie jusqu’au milieu du XIIe siècle’, Bulletin de la Société des Antiquaires de Normandie 53Google Scholar
Yver, J. (1969), ‘Les premières institutions du duché de la Normandie’, in Inormannie la loro espansione in Europa nell’alto medioevo (Centro Italiano di Studi sull’alto Medioevo; Settimana 16), SpolpetoGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×