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3 - The Almohads (524–668/1130–1269) and the Ḥafṣids (627–932/1229–1526)

from PART I - AL-ANDALUS AND NORTH AND WEST AFRICA (ELEVENTH TO FIFTEENTH CENTURIES)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2011

By
Maribel Fierro
Edited by
Maribel Fierro
Maribel Fierro
Affiliation:
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid
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Summary

The Almohad caliphate

The mahdī Ibn Tūmart and the Almohad movement

Ibn Yāsīn, the founder of the Almoravid movement, is depicted as a Mālikī jurist engaged in transforming the Lamtūna Berbers into good Mālikī Muslims, a mission he accomplished by resorting often to physical punishments. His teachings were transmitted for some time, but eventually forgotten. Despite both his relevance and the prominence of the Mālikī school under the Almoravids, Ibn Yāsīn did not come to play a central role either in western Mālikism or in Almoravid political legitimisation.

Ibn Tūmart, the founder of the Almohad movement, also aimed at a moral and religious reform. Accounts of Ibn Tūmart’s life more detailed than those of Ibn Yāsīn, as well as the ‘Book’ (Kitāb) attributed to him, are extant. The Almohad numismatic formula Allāhu rabbunā wa-Muḥammad rasūlunā wa’l-mahdī imāmunā (God is our Lord, Muḥammad is our Prophet, the mahdī [i.e. Ibn Tūmart] is our imām) bears witness to the central role he was accorded in the new polity. However, our understanding of how and when those accounts of his life were written down is still faulty, apart from the obvious fact that they moulded Ibn Tūmart’s life according to the Prophet’s biography. Much of the portrayal of Ibn Tūmart comes from the ‘Memoirs’ of al-Baydhaq, whose aim is nevertheless chiefly to establish ʿAbd al-Muʾmin’s right to lead the Almohads as caliph.

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The New Cambridge History of Islam , pp. 66 - 105
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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