Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T11:33:02.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 3 - Functional Neuroanatomy

from Section 1 - Essential Background Knowledge

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 October 2024

Simon Gerhand
Simon Gerhand
Affiliation:
Hywel Dda Health Board, NHS Wales
Get access

Summary

This chapter considers neuroanatomy in terms of the way in which cognitive processes and emotions are organised. Rather than using a strict localisationist approach, with specific cognitive functions being concentrated in particular anatomical areas, emphasis is placed on a more contemporary view of the brain as organised as a series of circuits. The main areas of cognition are considered, namely perception, language, memory, executive function, and attention. Differences between common terms are explained, such as grey and white matter, cortical and subcortical. This chapter also makes use of illustrations.

Keywords

neuroanatomyneural circuitsconnectomicsfunctionalbrain regionscognitionemotionmemoryexecutive function
Type
Chapter
Information
The Neuropsychology of Dementia
A Clinician's Manual
 , pp. 34 - 44
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albin, R. L., Young, A. B., & Penney, J. B. (1989). The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders. Trends in Neurosciences, 12 (10), 366–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alexander, G. E., & Crutcher, M. D. (1990). Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: Neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends in Neurosciences, 13 (7), 266–271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arts, N., Walvoort, S., & Kessels, R. (2017). Korsakoff’s syndrome: A critical review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 13, 2875–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Basso, A., Capitani, E., Laiacona, M., & Zanobio, M. E. (1985). Crossed aphasia: One or more syndromes? Cortex, 21(1), 25–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bayne, T., Brainard, D., Byrne, R. W., et al. (2019). What is cognition? Current Biology, 29 (13), R608–R615.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Botvinick, M. M., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychological Review, 108 (3), 624.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brodmann, K. (1909). Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Großhirnrinde in ihren Prinzipien dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues. Leipzig: Barth.Google Scholar
Bush, G., Luu, P., & Posner, M. I. (2000). Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4 (6), 215–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chance, S. A., & Crow, T. J. (2007). Distinctively human: Cerebral lateralisation and language in Homo sapiens. Journal of Anthropological Science, 85, 83–100.Google Scholar
Cloutman, L. L. (2013). Interaction between dorsal and ventral processing streams: where, when and how?. Brain and Language, 127(2), 251–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crutch, S. J., Schott, J. M., Rabinovici, G. D., et al. (2017). Consensus classification of posterior cortical atrophy. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 13 (8), 870–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Damasio, A. R. (1989). The brain binds entities and events by multiregional activation from convergence zones. Neural Computation, 1 (1), 123–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damasio, A. R. (1999). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. New York: Harcourt.Google Scholar
DeLong, M., & Wichmann, T. (2010). Changing views of basal ganglia circuits and circuit disorders. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 41 (2), 61–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duncan, S., & Barrett, L. F. (2007). Affect is a form of cognition: A neurobiological analysis. Cognition and Emotion, 21 (6), 1184–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dusoir, H., Kapur, N., Byrnes, D. P., McKinstry, S., & Hoare, R. D. (1990). The role of diencephalic pathology in human memory disorder: Evidence from a penetrating paranasal brain injury. Brain, 113 (6), 1695–706.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferguson, M. A., Lim, C., Cooke, D., et al. (2019). A human memory circuit derived from brain lesions causing amnesia. Nature Communications, 10 (1), 1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Florio, T. M., Scarnati, E., Rosa, I., et al. (2018). The basal ganglia: More than just a switching device. CNS Neuroscience & therapeutics, 24 (8), 677–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fornito, A., Zalesky, A., & Breakspeare, M. (2015). The connectomics of brain disorders. Nature Reviews: Neuroscience, 16, 159–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gorno-Tempini, M. L., Hillis, A. E., Weintraub, S., et al. (2011). Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants. Neurology, 76 (11), 1006–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LeDoux, J. (1996). The Emotional Brain. New York; Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Lee, A., Robbins, T. W., & Owen, A. M. (2000). Episodic memory meets working memory in the frontal lobe: Functional neuroimaging studies of encoding and retrieval. Critical Reviews in Neurobiology, 14(3–4), 165–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacLean, P. D. (1990). The Triune Brain in Evolution: Role in Paleocerebral Functions. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.Google Scholar
Macpherson, T., & Hikida, T. (2019). Role of basal ganglia neurocircuitry in the pathology of psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 73 (6), 289–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marshall, C. R., Hardy, C. J., Volkmer, A., et al. (2018). Primary progressive aphasia: a clinical approach. Journal of Neurology, 265 (6), 1474–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McMonagle, P., Deering, F., Berliner, Y., & Kertesz, A. (2006). The cognitive profile of posterior cortical atrophy. Neurology, 66 (3), 331–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milner, B., & Scoville, W. (1957). Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions. The Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 20, 11–21.Google Scholar
Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive Psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.Google Scholar
Papez, J. W. (1937). A proposed mechanism of emotion. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 38, 725–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penfield, W., & Boldrey, E. (1937). Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation. Brain, 60(4), 389–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petersen, S. E., & Posner, M. I. (2012). The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 35, 73–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990). The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13(1), 25–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, J. G., & Schoenberg, M. R. (2012). Language problems and assessment: The aphasic patient. In Schoenberg, M. R. & Scott, J. G. (Eds.), The Little Black Book of Neuropsychology (pp. 159–78). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Simonyan, K. (2019). Recent advances in understanding the role of the basal ganglia. F1000Research, 8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strotzer, M. (2009). One century of brain mapping using Brodmann areas. Clinical Neuroradiology, 19 (3), 179–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swannberg, M. M., Nasreddine, Z. S., Meendez, M. F., & Cummings, J. L. (2007). Speech and Language. In Goetz, C. G. (Ed.), Textbook of Clinical Neurology, vol 35 (pp. 79–98). Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, K. I., & Regard, M. (2003). Language in the right cerebral hemisphere: Contributions from reading studies. Physiology, 18(6), 257–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsapkini, K., Frangakis, C., & Hillis, A. E. (2011). The function of the left anterior temporal pole: Evidence from acute stroke and infarct volume. Brain, 134(10), 3094–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ungerleider, L. G., & Mishkin, M. (1982). Two cortical visual systems. In Ingle, D. J., Goodale, M. A., & Mansfield, R. J. W. (Eds.), Analysis of Visual Behavior (pp. 549–86). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
von Monakow, C. (1914). Die Localization im Grosshirn und der Abbau der Funktion durch korticale Herde. Wiesbaden: J. F. Bergmann.Google Scholar
Wang, J., Ke, J., Zhou, C., & Yin, C. (2018). Amnesia due to the injury of papez circuit following isolated fornix column infarction. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 27 (5), 1431–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Functional Neuroanatomy
  • Simon Gerhand, Hywel Dda Health Board, NHS Wales
  • Book: The Neuropsychology of Dementia
  • Online publication: 25 October 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009025911.004
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Functional Neuroanatomy
  • Simon Gerhand, Hywel Dda Health Board, NHS Wales
  • Book: The Neuropsychology of Dementia
  • Online publication: 25 October 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009025911.004
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Functional Neuroanatomy
  • Simon Gerhand, Hywel Dda Health Board, NHS Wales
  • Book: The Neuropsychology of Dementia
  • Online publication: 25 October 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009025911.004
Available formats
×