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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 November 2024
Vascular dementia is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline in patients as a result of episodic and/or progressive cerebrovascular disease. These vascular insults can come in the form of a single or multiple ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes, or ischemic white matter disease, or as a result of global cerebral hypoperfusion (seen in hypotension or cardiac arrest), as well as other hemorrhagic cerebrovascular conditions such as subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The criteria for the diagnosis of vascular dementia are as follows: 1) dementia; 2) one or more cerebrovascular insults that are both clinically and radiologically evident; and 3) a temporal relationship between the cerebrovascular insults and the dementia. This typically takes place in a “step-wise” manner with a paired decline in the patient’s functional and cognitive abilities.
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