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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 November 2024
The abducens nerve originates in the pons (pons means “bridge” in Latin). The abducens nucleus is located in the caudal dorso-medial pons. The fibers travel ventrally through the corticospinal tract and exit at the ponto-medullary junction. The nerve then travels in the pre-pontine cistern and ascends toward the petro-clival confluence. This venous confluence is separated into a superior and inferior compartment by the Gruber’s ligament (also known as petroclinoid ligament). The abducens nerve travels in the inferior compartment where it is tethered to the Gruber’s ligament, known as Dorello’s canal. Afterward, the nerve enters the cavernous sinus. In the cavernous sinus, the nerve leaves its dural sleeve and runs very close to the internal carotid artery. The nerve exits the cavernous sinus with CN III, IV, and V1 via the superior orbital fissure to enter the orbit. In the orbit, it runs next to the superior ophthalmic vein and only innervates one muscle, the lateral rectus.
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