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1 - Fetal nutrition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2009

Patti J. Thureen
By
F. H. Bloomfield  and
Jane E. Harding
Edited by
William W. Hay
Patti J. Thureen
Affiliation:
University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
F. H. Bloomfield
Affiliation:
Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Jane E. Harding
Affiliation:
Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
William W. Hay
Affiliation:
University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
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Summary

Fetal nutrients are derived largely from the mother, and fetal nutrition is thus closely related to maternal nutrition. However, it is important to appreciate that maternal nutrition is not the same as fetal nutrition. Firstly, the mother has her own nutrient demands which may be in conflict with those of the fetus. For example, pregnant adolescent sheep deliver smaller fetuses, especially when the ewes are very well nourished and therefore growing well, and the growth restriction appears to be predominantly secondary to reduced placental growth. Human adolescents also tend to give birth to lighter infants, and birth weight has been reported to be less in offspring of adolescents with a higher dietary sugar intake. Secondly, the fetus lies at the end of a long supply line which can be impaired at many points. Nutrients are used by the fetus predominantly for growth and metabolism, with little energy expenditure on other processes such as thermoregulation, movement and digestion. Fetal nutrients are in fact the main drivers of fetal growth, with genetic factors playing a much smaller role. Indeed, the genetic regulation of fetal growth itself appears to be under nutritional regulation, with levels of all the major hormones involved in fetal growth being regulated by circulating nutrient levels. The placenta is also a very metabolically active organ with its own nutrient demands and metabolic pathways.

Type
Chapter
Information
Neonatal Nutrition and Metabolism , pp. 1 - 22
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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  • Fetal nutrition
    • By F. H. Bloomfield, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Jane E. Harding, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • Patti J. Thureen, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
  • Edited by William W. Hay, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
  • Book: Neonatal Nutrition and Metabolism
  • Online publication: 10 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544712.002
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  • Fetal nutrition
    • By F. H. Bloomfield, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Jane E. Harding, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • Patti J. Thureen, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
  • Edited by William W. Hay, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
  • Book: Neonatal Nutrition and Metabolism
  • Online publication: 10 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544712.002
Available formats
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  • Fetal nutrition
    • By F. H. Bloomfield, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Jane E. Harding, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • Patti J. Thureen, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
  • Edited by William W. Hay, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
  • Book: Neonatal Nutrition and Metabolism
  • Online publication: 10 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544712.002
Available formats
×