Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Preface
- 1 Politics, Communities, and Power
- 2 Multimodal Graphs and Matrices
- 3 Agency, Influence, Power
- 4 Political Communities in a Policy Network
- 5 Individuals in Associations
- 6 Agents and Events in Collective Action Fields
- 7 Nations Trading and Fighting
- 8 Legislative Influence
- 9 The Potential of Multimodal Political Networks
- Appendices
- References
- Index
- References
References
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2021
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Preface
- 1 Politics, Communities, and Power
- 2 Multimodal Graphs and Matrices
- 3 Agency, Influence, Power
- 4 Political Communities in a Policy Network
- 5 Individuals in Associations
- 6 Agents and Events in Collective Action Fields
- 7 Nations Trading and Fighting
- 8 Legislative Influence
- 9 The Potential of Multimodal Political Networks
- Appendices
- References
- Index
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Multimodal Political Networks , pp. 227 - 260Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021
References
Aaronson, Susan Ariel, Rodwan Abouharb, M., and Daniel Wang, K.. 2015. “The Liberal Illusion Is Not a Complete Delusion: The WTO Helps Member States Keep the Peace Only When It Increases Trade.” Global Economy Journal 15:455–484.Google Scholar
Abbott, Kenneth W., Green, Jessica F., and Keohane, Robert O.. 2016. “Organizational Ecology and Institutional Change in Global Governance.” International Organization 70:247–277.Google Scholar
Al-garadi, Mohammed Ali, Khan, Muhammad Sadiq, Varathan, Kasturi Dewi, Mujtaba, Ghulam, and Al-Kabsi, Abdelkodose M.. 2016. “Using Online Social Networks to Track a Pandemic: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Biomedical Informatics 62:1–11.Google Scholar
Allcott, Hunt, Boxell, Levi, Conway, Jacob, Gentzkow, Matthew, Thaler, Michael, and Yang, David. 2020. “Polarization and Public Health: Partisan Differences in Social Distancing during the Coronavirus Pandemic.” Retrieved July 10, 2020 (http://web.stanford.edu/~gentzkow/research/social_distancing.pdf).Google Scholar
Alorse, Raynold Wonder, Nadège Compaoré, W. R., and Andrew Grant, J.. 2015. “Assessing the European Union’s Engagement with Transnational Policy Networks on Conflict-Prone Natural Resources.” Contemporary Politics 21:245–257.Google Scholar
Alter, Karen J. and Meunier, Sophie. 2009. “The Politics of International Regime Complexity.” Perspectives on Politics 7:13–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Mary R. 2009. “Beyond Membership: A Sense of Community and Political Behavior.” Political Behavior 31:603–627.Google Scholar
Andonova, Liliana B., Betsill, Michele M., and Bulkeley, Harriet. 2009. “Transnational Climate Governance.” Global Environmental Politics 9:52–73.Google Scholar
Ansell, Christopher. 2003. “Community Embeddedness and Collaborative Governance in the San Francisco Bay Area Environmental Movement.” Pp. 123–144 in Social Movements and Networks, edited by Diani, Mario and McAdam, Doug. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ansolabehere, Stephen, De Figueiredo, John M., and Snyder, James M.. 2003. “Why Is There So Little Money in U.S. Politics?” National Bureau of Economic Research. No. W9409. Retrieved March 21, 2016 (http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5344&context=faculty_scholarship).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arabie, Phipps, Boorman, Scott A., and Levitt, Paul R.. 1978. “Constructing Blockmodels: How and Why.” Journal of Mathematical Psychology 17:21–63.Google Scholar
Arce, Daniel. 2001. “Leadership and the Aggregation of International Collective Action.” Oxford Economic Papers 53:114–137.Google Scholar
Armstrong, Elizabeth A. 2005. “From Struggle to Settlement: The Crystallization of a Field of Lesbian/Gay Organizations in San Francisco, 1969–1973.” Pp. 161–187 in Social Movements and Organizations, edited by Davis, Gerald F., McAdam, Doug, Scott, Richard W., and Zald, Mayer N.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Michael M. and Coleman, William D.. 1992. “Policy Networks, Policy Communities and the Problems of Governance.” Governance 5:154–180.Google Scholar
Babst, Dean V. 1964. “Elective Governments: A Force for Peace.” Wisconsin Sociologist 3:9–14.Google Scholar
Bail, Christopher A., Argyle, Lisa P., Brown, Taylor W., Bumpus, John P., Chen, Haohan, Fallin Hunzaker, M. B., Lee, Jaemin, Mann, Marcus, Merhout, Friedolin, and Volfovsky, Alexander. 2018. “Exposure to Opposing Views on Social Media Can Increase Political Polarization.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115:9216–9221.Google Scholar
Baldassarri, Delia and Diani, Mario. 2007. “The Integrative Power of Civic Networks.” American Journal of Sociology 113:735–780.Google Scholar
Banfield, Edward C. 1958. The Moral Basis of a Backward Society. Cambridge: Free Press.Google Scholar
Bang, Henrik P. 2009. “Political Community: The Blind Spot of Modern Democratic Decision-Making.” British Politics 4:100–116.Google Scholar
Bang, Henrik P. and Esmark, Anders. 2009. “Good Governance in Network Society: Reconfiguring the Political from Politics to Policy.” Administrative Theory & Praxis 31:7–37.Google Scholar
Barabási, Albert-László and Albert, Reka. 1999. “Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks.” Science 286:509–512.Google Scholar
Barber, Michael J. 2007. “Modularity and Community Detection in Bipartite Networks.” Physical Review E 76:P09008–9.Google Scholar
Barber, Michael J. 2016. “Ideological Donors, Contribution Limits, and the Polarization of American Legislatures.” Journal of Politics 78:296–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbieri, Katherine. 1996. “Economic Interdependence: A Path to Peace or a Source of Interstate Conflict?” Journal of Peace Research 33:29–49.Google Scholar
Barbieri, Katherine. 2002. The Liberal Illusion: Does Trade Promote Peace? Cambridge: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Barbieri, Katherine and Keshk, Omar. 2012. Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set Codebook, Version 3.0. Retrieved June 28, 2016 (http://correlatesofwar.org).Google Scholar
Barbieri, Katherine, Keshk, Omar M. G., and Pollins, Brian. 2009. “Trading Data: Evaluating Our Assumptions and Coding Rules.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 26:471–491.Google Scholar
Bardzell, Shaowen and Odom, William. 2008. “The Experience of Embodied Space in Virtual Worlds: An Ethnography of a Second Life Community.” Space and Culture 11:239–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Batagelj, Vladimir, Doreian, Patrick, and Ferligoj, Anuška. 1992. “An Optimizational Approach to Regular Equivalence.” Social Networks 14:121–135.Google Scholar
Baumgartner, Frank R. and Leech, Beth L.. 1988. Basic Interests: The Importance of Groups in Politics and in Political Science. Cambridge: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Baumgartner, Frank R. and Jones, Bryan D.. 1993. Agendas and Instability in American Politics. Cambridge: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bayer, Reşat. 2006. “The COW Diplomatic Exchange Data Set, v2006.1.” Retrieved June 28, 2016 (www.correlatesofwar.org).Google Scholar
Bearman, Peter and Everett, Kevin D.. 1993. “The Structure of Social Protest, 1961–1983.” Social Networks 15:171–200.Google Scholar
Beckett, Stephen J. 2016. “Improved Community Detection in Weighted Bipartite Networks.” Royal Society Open Science 3:140536.Google Scholar
Beckfield, Jason. 2003. “Inequality in the World Polity: The Structure of International Organization.” American Sociological Review 68:401–424.Google Scholar
Beckfield, Jason. 2008. “The Dual World Polity: Fragmentation and Integration in the Network of Intergovernmental Organizations.” Social Problems 55:419–442.Google Scholar
Beckfield, Jason. 2010. “The Social Structure of the World Polity.” American Journal of Sociology 115:1018–1068.Google Scholar
Beguerisse-Díaz, Mariano, Garduno-Hernández, Guillermo, Vangelov, Borislav, Yaliraki, Sophia N., and Barahona, Mauricio. 2014. “Interest Communities and Flow Roles in Directed Networks: The Twitter Network of the UK Riots.” Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11:20140940.Google Scholar
Bellamy, Richard and Castiglione, Dario. 2013. “Three Models of Democracy, Political Community and Representation in the EU.” Journal of European Public Policy 20:206–223.Google Scholar
Berardo, Ramiro and Scholz, John T.. 2010. “Self‐Organizing Policy Networks: Risk, Partner Selection, and Cooperation in Estuaries.” American Journal of Political Science 54:632–649.Google Scholar
Berardo, Ramiro, Fischer, Manuel, and Hamilton, Matthew. 2020 “Collaborative Governance and the Challenges of Network-Based Research.” American Review of Public Administration 50:898-913.Google Scholar
Berkhout, Joost and Lowery, David. 2010. “The Changing Demography of the EU Interest System since 1990.” European Union Politics 11:447–461.Google Scholar
Bernauer, Thomas, Kalbhenn, Anna, Koubi, Vally, and Spilker., Gabriele 2013. “Is There a ‘Depth versus Participation’ Dilemma in International Cooperation?” Review of International Organizations 8:477–497.Google Scholar
Berry, Jeffrey M. and Wilcox, Clyde. 2016. The Interest Group Society. 5th Edition. Cambridge: Routledge.Google Scholar
Besley, Timothy and Coate, Stephen. 2003. “Centralized versus Decentralized Provision of Local Public Goods: A Political Economy Approach.” Journal of Public Economics 87:2611–2637.Google Scholar
Beyers, Jan and Braun, Caelesta. 2014. “Ties That Count: Explaining Interest Group Access to Policymakers.” Journal of Public Policy 34:93–121.Google Scholar
Bhowmick, Sanjukta and Srinivasan, Sriram. 2013. “A Template for Parallelizing the Louvain Method for Modularity Maximization.” Pp. 111–124 in Dynamics On and Of Complex Networks, Volume 2, edited by Mukherjee, Animesh, Choudhury, Monojit, Peruani, Fernando, Ganguly, Niloy, and Mitra, Bivas. Cambridge: Springer.Google Scholar
Biermann, Frank, Pattberg, Philipp H., van Asselt, Harro, and Zelli, Fariborz. 2009. “The Fragmentation of Global Governance Architectures: A Framework for Analysis.” Global Environmental Politics 9:14–40.Google Scholar
Biermann, Frank, Kim, Rakhyun E., Abbott, Kenneth W., Hollway, James, Mitchell, Ronald B., and Scobie, Michelle. 2020. “Taking Stock and Moving Forward.” Pp. 299–321 in Architectures of Earth System Governance, edited by Biermann, Frank and Kim, Rakhyun E.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bimber, Bruce. 1998. “The Internet and Political Transformation: Populism, Community, and Accelerated Pluralism.” Polity 31:133–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birkland, Thomas A. 1998. “Focusing Events, Mobilization, and Agenda Setting.” Journal of Public Policy 18:53–74.Google Scholar
Block, Per, Koskinen, Johan H., Hollway, James, Steglich, Christian E. G., and Stadtfeld, Christoph. 2018. “Change We Can Believe in: Comparing Longitudinal Network Models on Consistency, Interpretability and Predictive Power.” Social Networks 52:180–191.Google Scholar
Block, Per, Stadtfeld, Christoph, and Snijders, Tom A. B.. 2019. “Forms of Dependence: Comparing SAOMs and ERGMs from Basic Principles.” Sociological Methods & Research 48:202–239.Google Scholar
Blondel, Vincent D., Guillaume, Jean-Loup, Lambiotte, Renaud, and Lefebvre, Etienne. 2008. “Fast Unfolding of Communities in Large Networks.” Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 10:P10008.Google Scholar
Blondel, Vincent D., Guillaume, Jean-Loup, Lambiotte, Renaud, and Lefebvre, Étienne. 2011. “The Louvain Method for Community Detection in Large Networks.” Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 10:P10008.Google Scholar
Blondel, Vincent D., Krings, Gautier, and Thomas, Isabelle. 2010. “Regions and Borders of Mobile Telephony in Belgium and in the Brussels Metropolitan Zone.” Brussels Studies 42:1–12.Google Scholar
Bodin, Örjan. 2017. “Collaborative Environmental Governance: Achieving Collective Action in Social-Ecological Systems.” Science 357:6352.Google Scholar
Bodin, Örjan and Crona, Beatrice I.. 2009. “The Role of Social Networks in Natural Resource Governance: What Relational Patterns Make a Difference?” Global Environmental Change 19:366–374.Google Scholar
Boehmer, Charles and Nordstrom, Timothy. 2008. “Intergovernmental Organization Memberships: Examining Political Community and the Attributes of International Organizations.” International Interactions 34:282–309.Google Scholar
Bonacich, Phillip. 1987. “Power and Centrality: A Family of Measures.” American Journal of Sociology 92:1170–1182.Google Scholar
Bonacich, Phillip. 1998. “A Behavioral Foundation for a Structural Theory of Power in Exchange Networks.” Social Psychology Quarterly 61:185–198.Google Scholar
Bond, Matthew and Harrigan, Nicholas. 2011. “Political Dimensions of Corporate Connections.” Pp. 196–209 in The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by Carrington, Peter and Scott, John. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Bonica, Adam, Rosenthal, Howard, and Rothman, David J.. 2014. “The Political Polarization of Physicians in the United States: An Analysis of Campaign Contributions to Federal Elections, 1991 through 2012.” JAMA Internal Medicine 174:1308–1317.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borgatti, Stephen P. 2009. “2-Mode Concepts in Social Network Analysis.” Pp. 8279–8291 in Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, edited by Meyers, Robert A.. Cambridge: Springer.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P. and Everett, Martin G.. 1989. “The Class of all Regular Equivalences: Algebraic Structure and Computation.” Social Networks 11:65–88.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P. and Everett, Martin G.. 1992a. “Regular Blockmodels of Multiway, Multimode Matrices.” Social Networks 14:91–120.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P. and Everett, Martin G.. 1992b. “Notions of Position in Social Network Analysis.” Sociological Methodology 22:1–35.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P. and Everett, Martin G.. 1993. “Two Algorithms for Computing Regular Equivalence.” Social Networks 15:361–376.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P. and Everett, Martin G.. 1997. “Network Analysis of 2-Mode Data.” Social Networks 19:243–269.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P. and Everett, Martin G.. 1999. “Models of Core / Periphery Structures.” Social Networks 21:375–395.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P. and Everett, Martin G.. 2006. “A Graph-Theoretic Perspective on Centrality.” Social Networks 28:466–484.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P. and Halgin, Daniel. 2011. “Analyzing Affiliation Networks.” Pp. 417–433 in The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by Scott, John and Carrington, Peter J.. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P. and Lopez-Kidwell, Virginie. 2011. “Network Theory.” Pp. 40–54 in The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by Scott, John and Carrington, Peter J.. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P., Everett, Martin G., and Freeman, Linton. 2002. UCINET 6 for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis. Cambridge: Analytic Technologies.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P., Everett, Martin G., and Johnson, Jeffrey C.. 2013. Analyzing Social Networks. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P., Everett, Martin G., and Johnson, Jeffery C.. 2018. Analyzing Social Networks. 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Bottero, Wendy and Crossley, Nick. 2011. “Worlds, Fields and Networks: Becker, Bourdieu and the Structures of Social Relations.” Cultural Sociology 5:99–119.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1985. “The Social Space and the Genesis of Groups.” Theory and Society 14:723–744.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1986. “The Forms of Capital.” Pp. 241–258 in Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, edited by Richardson, John G.. Cambridge: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1989. “Social Space and Symbolic Power.” Sociological Theory 7(1):14–25.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1992. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Edited by Wacquant, Loïc J. D.. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1993. The Field of Cultural Production. Cambridge: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M. and Christenson, Dino P.. 2014. “The Evolution and Formation of Amicus Curiae Networks.” Social Networks 36:82–96.Google Scholar
Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M. and Christenson., Dino P. 2015. “Comparing Membership Interest Group Networks across Space and Time, Size, Issue and Industry.” Network Science 3:78–97.Google Scholar
Boyd, Neil M. and Nowell, Branda. 2014. “Psychological Sense of Community: A New Construct for the Field of Management.” Journal of Management Inquiry 23:107–122.Google Scholar
Brailly, Julien, Favre, Guillaume, Chatellet, Josiane, and Lazega, Emmanuel. 2015. “Embeddedness as a Multilevel Problem: A Case Study in Economic Sociology.” Social Networks 44:319–333.Google Scholar
Brandes, Ulrik, Kosub, Sven, and Nick., Bobo 2012. “Was messen Zentralitätsindizes?” Pp. 33–52 in Die Integration von Theorie und Methode in der Netzwerkforschung, edited by Hennig, Marina and Stegbauer, Christian. Cambridge: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Breiger, Ronald L. 1974. “The Duality of Persons and Groups.” Social Forces 53:181–190.Google Scholar
Bremer, Stuart A. 1993. “Democracy and Militarized Interstate Conflict, 1816–1965.” International Interactions 18:231–249.Google Scholar
Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham. 1894. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Cambridge: Cassell, Petter & Galpin.Google Scholar
Broadbent, Jeffrey. 2018. “Comparative Climate Change Policy Networks.” Pp. 875–899 in Oxford Handbook of Political Networks, edited by Victor, Jennifer Nicoll, Montgomery, Alexander, and Lubell, Mark. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Brogaard, Jonathan, Denes, Matthew, and Duchin, Ran. 2015. “Political Connections, Incentives and Innovation: Evidence from Contract-Level Data.” Incentives and Innovation: Evidence from Contract-Level Data. Retrieved March 23, 2016 (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2604805).Google Scholar
Brown, Greg, Raymond, Christopher M., and Corcoran, Jonathan. 2015. “Mapping and Measuring Place Attachment.” Applied Geography 57:42–53.Google Scholar
Browne, William P. 1998. Groups, Interests, and U.S. Public Policy. Cambridge: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Bruns, Axel, Highfield, Tim, and Burgess, Jean. 2013. “The Arab Spring and Social Media Audiences: English and Arabic Twitter Users and Their Networks.” American Behavioral Scientist 57:871–898.Google Scholar
Brusco, Michael, Doreian, Patrick, Mrvar, Andrej, and Steinley, Douglas. 2013. “An Exact Algorithm for Blockmodeling of Two-Mode Network Data.” Journal of Mathematical Sociology 37:61–84.Google Scholar
Buchanan, James M. and Tullock, Gordon. 1975. “Polluters’ Profits and Political Response: Direct Controls versus Taxes.” American Economic Review 65:139–147.Google Scholar
Bucher, Enrique H. and Huszar, Peter C.. 1999. “Sustainable Management of the Gran Chaco of South America: Ecological Promise and Economic Constraints.” Journal of Environmental Management 57:99–108.Google Scholar
Bull, Benedicte. 2008. “Policy Networks and Business Participation in Free Trade Negotiations in Chile.” Journal of Latin American Studies 40:195–224.Google Scholar
Burchard, Jake and Cornwell, Benjamin. 2018. “Structural Holes and Bridging in Two-Mode Networks.” Social Networks 55:11–20.Google Scholar
Burris, Val. 1992. “Elite Policy-Planning Networks in the United States.” Research in Politics and Society 4:111–134.Google Scholar
Burris, Val. 2001. “The Two Faces of Capital: Corporations and Individual Capitalists as Political Actors.” American Sociological Review 66:361–381.Google Scholar
Burris, Val. 2005 “Interlocking Directorates and Political Cohesion among Corporate Elites.” American Journal of Sociology 111:249–283.Google Scholar
Burris, Val. 2009. “Corporations, Capitalists, and Campaign Finance.” Pp. 247–262 in Handbook of Politics: State and Civil Society in Global Perspective, edited by Leicht, Kevin T. and Jenkins, J. Craig. Cambridge: Springer.Google Scholar
Burstein, Paul. 1991. “Policy Domains: Organization, Culture, and Policy Outcomes.” Annual Review of Sociology 17:327–350.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S. 1998. “The Gender of Social Capital.” Rationality and Society 10:5–46.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S. and Merluzzi., Jennifer 2016. “Network Oscillation.” Academy of Management Discoveries 2:368–391.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S., Jannotta, Joseph E., and Mahoney, James T.. 1998. “Personality Correlates of Structural Holes.” Social Networks 20:63–87.Google Scholar
Burton, Michael and Higley., John 1987. “Invitation to Elite Theory: The Basic Contentions Reconsidered.” Pp. 219–238 in Power Elites and Organizations, edited by William Domhoff, G. and Dye, Thomas R.. Cambridge: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Busby, Joshua W., Monten, Jonathan, Tama, Jordan, and Inboden, William. 2013. “Congress Is Already Post-Partisan: Agreement across the Aisle on US Foreign Policy.” Foreign Affairs January 28. Retrieved June 23, 2018 (www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2013-01-28/congress-already-post-partisan).Google Scholar
Butts, Carter T. 2008. “A Relational Event Framework for Social Action.” Sociological Methodology 38:155–200.Google Scholar
Callaghan, Timothy and Jacobs, Lawrence R.. 2016. “Interest Group Conflict over Medicaid Expansion: The Surprising Impact of Public Advocates.” American Journal of Public Health 106:308–313.Google Scholar
Campaign Finance Institute. 2020. “The Cost of Winning a House and Senate Seat, 1986–2018.” Retrieved August 7, 2020 (www.cfinst.org/pdf/vital/VitalStats_t1.pdf).Google Scholar
Cao, Xun. 2009. “Networks of Intergovernmental Organizations and Convergence in Domestic Economic Policies.” International Studies Quarterly 53:1095–1130.Google Scholar
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique and Faletto, Enzo. 1979. Dependency and Development in Latin America. Cambridge: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Carroll, Royce, Lewis, Jeffrey B., Lo, James, Poole, Kevin T., and Rosenthal, Howard. 2009. “Measuring Bias and Uncertainty in DW-NOMINATE Ideal Point Estimates via the Parametric Bootstrap.” Political Analysis 17:261–275.Google Scholar
Carroll, William K. and Ratner, Robert S.. 1996. “Master Framing and Cross-Movement Networking in Contemporary Social Movements.” Sociological Quarterly 37:601–625.Google Scholar
Casson, Mark. 1982. The Entrepreneur: An Economic Theory. Cambridge: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Cattuto, Ciro, Schmitz, Christoph, Baldassarri, Andrea, Servedio, Vito D. P., Loreto, Vittorio, Hotho, Andreas, Grahl, Miranda, and Stumme, Gerd. 2007. “Network Properties of Folksonomies.” AI Communications 20:245–262.Google Scholar
Ceddia, Grazziano, Christopoulos, Dimitris, Hernandez, Yeray, and Zepharovich, Elena. 2017. “Governance Network Topologies and Climate Change Adaptation: A Preliminary Analysis of Flood Risk Management in Austria.” Environmental Science and Policy 77:140–146.Google Scholar
Chalmers, Adam William and Young, Kevin L.. 2020. “Network Effects in the Formation of the Financial Industry’s Regulatory Preferences in the European Union.” Business and Politics 22:52–84.Google Scholar
Chao, Naipeng, Yuan, Guangfeng, Li, Yonggang, and Yao, Qian. 2017. “The Internet Ecological Perception, Political Trust and Political Efficacy of Chinese Netizens.” Telematics and Informatics 34:715–725.Google Scholar
Chase-Dunn, Christopher. 1981. “Interstate System and Capitalist World-Economy.” International Studies Quarterly 25:19–42.Google Scholar
Chaskin, Robert J. 1997. “Perspectives on Neighborhood and Community: A Review of the Literature.” Social Service Review 71:521–547.Google Scholar
Cho, Wendy K. Tam and Fowler, James H.. 2010. “Legislative Success in a Small World: Social Network Analysis and the Dynamics of Congressional Legislation.” Journal of Politics 72:124–135.Google Scholar
Chopade, Pravin, Zhan, Justin, and Bikdash, Marwan. 2015. “Node Attributes and Edge Structure for Large-Scale Big Data Network Analytics and Community Detection.” In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST) Pp. 1–8.Google Scholar
Christenson, Dino P. and Smidt, Corwin D.. 2014. “Following the Money: Super PACs and the 2012 Presidential Nomination.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 44:410–430.Google Scholar
Christopoulos, Dimitris. 2006. “Relational Attributes of Political Entrepreneurs: A Network Perspective.” Journal of European Public Policy 13:757–778.Google Scholar
Christopoulos, Dimitris. 2008. “The Governance of Networks: Heuristic or Formal Analysis?” Political Studies 54:475–481.Google Scholar
Christopoulos, Dimitris. 2009. “Peer Esteem Snowballing: A Methodology for Expert Surveys.” Pp. 171–179 in Eurostat Conference for New Techniques and Technologies for Statistics. Retrieved August 16, 2020 (www.researchgate.net/publication/255595189_Peer_Esteem_Snowballing_A_methodology_for_expert_surveys).Google Scholar
Christopoulos, Dimitris. 2014. “Elite Social Capital and Regional Growth in European Regions.” European Urban and Regional Studies 21:272–285.Google Scholar
Christopoulos, Dimitris. 2017. “Governance Networks in Politics.” Pp. 55–71 in Networked Governance, edited by Hollstein, Betina, Matiaske, Wenzel, and Schnapp, Kai-Uwe. Cambridge: Springer.Google Scholar
Christopoulos, Dimitris and Ingold, Karen. 2015. “Exceptional or Just Well Connected? Political Entrepreneurs and Brokers in Policy Making.” European Political Science Review 7:475–498.Google Scholar
Christopoulos, Dimitris and Quaglia, Lucia. 2009. “Influence and Brokerage: Network Constraints in EU Banking Regulation.” Journal of Public Policy 29:179–200.Google Scholar
Chua, Amy. 2018. Political Tribes: Group Instinct and the Fate of Nations. Cambridge: Penguin.Google Scholar
Cialdini, Robert B., ed. 2001. Influence: Science and Practice. 4th Edition. Cambridge: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Cinalli, Manlio and O’Flynn, Ian. 2014. “Public Deliberation, Network Analysis and the Political Integration of Muslims in Britain.” British Journal of Politics & International Relations 16:428–451.Google Scholar
Clark, Rob. 2010. “World-System Mobility and Economic Growth, 1980–2000.” Social Forces 88:1123–1151.Google Scholar
Clark, Rob and Beckfield, Jason. 2009. “A New Trichotomous Measure of World-System Position Using the International Trade Network.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 50:5–38.Google Scholar
Clark, Rob and Mahutga, Matthew C.. 2013. “Explaining the Trade-Growth Link: Assessing Diffusion-Based and Structure-Based Models of Exchange.” Social Science Research 42:401–417.Google Scholar
Clawson, Dan, Neustadtl, Alan, and Weller, Mark. 1998. Dollars and Votes: How Business Campaign Contributions Subvert Democracy. Cambridge: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Coakley, John. 2016. “Introduction: Dispersed Minorities and Non-Territorial Autonomy.” Ethnopolitics 15:1–23.Google Scholar
Collins, Ken, Burns, Charlotte, and Warleigh, Alex. 1998. “Policy Entrepreneurs: The Role of European Parliament Committees in the Making of EU Policy.” Statute Law Revue 19:1–11.Google Scholar
Confessore, Nicholas, Cohen, Sarah, and Yourish, Karen. 2015. “Just 158 Families Have Provided Nearly Half the Early Money for Efforts to Capture the White House.” New York Times October 10:A1.Google Scholar
Cooper, Michael J., Gulen, Huseyin, and Ovtchinnikov, Alexei V.. 2010. “Corporate Political Contributions and Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance 65:687–724.Google Scholar
Cornes, Richard and Sandler, Todd. 1996. The Theory of Externalities, Public Goods, and Club Goods. 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cornwell, Benjamin and Harrison, Jill Ann. 2004. “Union Members and Voluntary Associations: Membership Overlap as a Case of Organizational Embeddedness.” American Sociological Review 69:862–881.Google Scholar
Cornwell, Benjamin, Curry, Timothy J., and Schwirian, Kent P.. 2003. “Revisiting Norton Long’s Ecology of Games: A Network Approach.” City & Community 2:121–142.Google Scholar
Costenbader, Elizabeth and Valente, Thomas W.. 2003. “The Stability of Centrality Measures When Networks Are Sampled.” Social Networks 25:283–307.Google Scholar
Crawford, Seth. 2012. “What Is the Energy Policy-Planning Network and Who Dominates It?” Energy Policy 45:430–439.Google Scholar
Crossley, Nick. 2007. “Social Networks and Extraparliamentary Politics.” Sociology Compass 1:222–236.Google Scholar
Davidson, William B. and Cotte, Patrick R.. 1989. “Sense of Community and Political Participation.” Journal of Community Psychology 17:119–125.Google Scholar
Davis, Allison, Gardner, Burleigh B., and Gardner, Mary R.. 1941. Deep South: A Social Anthropology of Caste and Class. Cambridge: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
De La Garza, Alejandro. 2020. “‘We all Worry About It.’ Grocery Workers Fear Confrontations with Shopper over Mask Rules.” Time May 26. Retrieved July 10, 2020 (https://time.com/5841124/grocery-workers-masks).Google Scholar
Dekker, David, Krackhardt, David, and Snijders, Tom A.. 2003. “Multicollinearity Robust QAP for Multiple Regression.” Pp. 22–25 in 1st Annual Conference of the North American Association for Computational Social and Organizational Science.Google Scholar
Dekker, David, Krackhardt, David, and Snijders, Tom A. B.. 2007. “Sensitivity of MRQAP Tests to Collinearity and Autocorrelation Conditions.” Psychometrika 72:563–581.Google Scholar
Derraik, José G. 2002. “The Pollution of the Marine Environment by Plastic Debris: A Review.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:842–852.Google Scholar
Deutsch, Karl Wolfgang. 1957. Political Community and the North Atlantic Area: International Organization in the Light of Historical Experience. Cambridge: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario. 1992. “The Concept of Social Movement.” The Sociological Review 40:1–25.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario. 1995. Green Networks: A Structural Analysis of the Italian Environmental Movement. Cambridge: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario. 2000. “Simmel to Rokkan and Beyond: Elements for a Network Theory of (New) Social Movements.” European Journal of Social Theory 3:387–406.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario. 2009. “The Structural Bases of Protest Events. Multiple Memberships and Networks in the February 15, 2003 Anti-War Demonstrations.” Acta Sociologica 52:63–83.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario. 2011. “Social Movements and Collective Action.” In The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by Carrington, Peter and Scott, John, 223–235. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario. 2015. The Cement of Civil Society: Studying Networks in Localities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario and Bison, Ivano. 2004. “Organizations, Coalitions, and Movements.” Theory and Society 33:281–309.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario and Kousis, Maria. 2014. “The Duality of Claims and Events: The Greek Campaign against the Troika’s Memoranda and Austerity, 2010–2012.” Mobilization 19:387–404.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario and Mische, Ann. 2015. “Network Approaches and Social Movements.” Pp. 306–325 in Oxford Handbook of Social Movements, edited by Porta, Donatella Della and Diani, Mario. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
DiMaggio, Paul. 1986. “Structural Analysis of Interorganizational Fields.” Research in Organizational Behavior 8:335–370.Google Scholar
DiMaggio, Paul J. and Powell, Walter W.. 1983. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review 48:147–160.Google Scholar
Domhoff, G. William. 2016. “Who Rules America? Power Elite Database.” Retrieved May 5, 2016 (www2.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power_elite).Google Scholar
Doreian, Patrick, Batagelj, Vladimir, and Ferligoj, Anuška. 2004. “Generalized Blockmodeling of Two-Mode Network Data.” Social Networks 26:29–53.Google Scholar
Doreian, Patrick, Batagelj, Vladimir, and Ferligoj, Anuška. 2005. Generalized Blockmodeling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dormann, Carsten F. and Strauss, Rouven. 2014. “A Method for Detecting Modules in Quantitative Bipartite Networks.” Methods in Ecology and Evolution 5:90–98.Google Scholar
Dorussen, Han, Gartzke, Erik A., and Westerwinter, Oliver. 2016. “Networked International Politics: Complex Interdependence and the Diffusion of Conflict and Peace.” Journal of Peace Research 53:283–291.Google Scholar
Dowding, Keith. 1995. “Model or Metaphor? A Critical Review of the Policy Network Approach.” Political Studies 43:136–158.Google Scholar
Doyle, Michael. 1997. Ways of War and Peace: Realism, Liberalism, and Socialism. Cambridge: Norton.Google Scholar
Drutman, Lee. 2015. The Business of America Is Lobbying: How Corporations Became Politicized and Politics Became More Corporate. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dür, Andreas and Lechner, Lisa. 2015. “Business Interests and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership.” Pp. 69–79 in The Politics of Transatlantic Trade Negotiations: TTIP in a Globalized World, edited by Morin, Jean-Frédéric, Novotná, Tereza, Ponjaert, Frederik, and Telò, Mario. Cambridge: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Dür, Andreas, Bernhagen, Patrick, and Marshall, David. 2015. “Interest Group Success in the European Union: When (and Why) Does Business Lose?” Comparative Political Studies 48:951–983.Google Scholar
Durante, Ruben, Pinotti, Paolo, and Tesei, Andrea. 2019. “The Political Legacy of Entertainment TV.” American Economic Review 109:2497–2530.Google Scholar
Durst, Noah J. 2018. “Racial Gerrymandering of Municipal Borders: Direct Democracy, Participatory Democracy, and Voting Rights in the United States.” Annals of the American Association of Geographers 108:938-954.Google Scholar
Duxbury, Scott W. 2020 “Identifying Key Players in Bipartite Networks.” Network Science 8:42–61.Google Scholar
Eakin, Emily. 2004. “Study Finds a Nation of Polarized Readers.” The New York Times March 13:A15.Google Scholar
Emirbayer, Mustafa and Mische, Ann. 1998. “What Is Agency?” American Journal of Sociology 103:962–1023.Google Scholar
Everett, Martin G. and Borgatti, Stephen P.. 1994. “Regular Equivalence: General Theory.” Journal of Mathematical Sociology 19:29–52.Google Scholar
Everett, Martin G. and Borgatti, Stephen P.. 2013. “The Dual-Projection Approach for Two-Mode Networks.” Social Networks 35:204–210.Google Scholar
Everett, Martin G., Broccatelli, Chiara, Borgatti, Stephen P., and Koskinen, Johan. 2018. “Measuring Knowledge and Experience in Two Mode Temporal Networks.” Social Networks 55:63–73.Google Scholar
Fararo, Thomas J. and Doreian, Patrick. 1984. “Tripartite Structural Analysis: Generalizing the Breiger-Wilson Formalism.” Social Networks 6:141–175.Google Scholar
Faust, Katherine. 1997. “Centrality in Affiliation Networks.” Social Networks 19:157–191.Google Scholar
Fischer, Manuel, Ingold, Karin, Sciarini, Pascal, and Varone, Frédéric. 2012. “Impacts of Market Liberalization on Regulatory Network: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Swiss Telecommunications Sector.” Policy Studies Journal 40:435–457.Google Scholar
Flam, Helena, ed. 1994. States and Anti-Nuclear Movements. Cambridge: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Fowler, James H. 2006a. “Connecting the Congress: A Study of Cosponsorship Networks.” Political Analysis 14:456–487.Google Scholar
Fowler, James H. 2006b. “Legislative Co-sponsorship Networks in the US House and Senate.” Social Networks 28:454–465.Google Scholar
Frank, Andre Gunder. 1966. “The Development of Underdevelopment.” Monthly Review 18:17–31.Google Scholar
Freeman, Linton C. 1979. “Centrality in Social Networks Conceptual Clarification.” Social Networks 1:215–239.Google Scholar
Freeman, Linton C. 2003. “Finding Social Groups: A Meta-Analysis of the Southern Women Data.” Pp. 39–45 in Dynamic Social Network Modeling and Analysis: Workshop Summary and Papers, edited by Breiger, Ronald L., Carley, Kathleen, and Pattison, Philippa. Cambridge: National Research Council, The National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Freeman, Linton C. 2011. “The Development of Social Network Analysis – With an Emphasis on Recent Events.” Pp. 26–39 in The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by Scott, John and Carrington, Peter J.. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Friedberg, Erhard. 1993. Le Pouvoir et La Règle. Dynamiques de l’Action Organisée. Cambridge: Seuil.Google Scholar
Friedkin, Noah E. 1983. “Horizons of Observability and Limits of Informal Control in Organizations.” Social Forces 62:54–77.Google Scholar
Friedkin, Noah E. 2006. A Structural Theory of Social Influence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Friedman, John N. and Holden, Richard T.. 2008. “Optimal Gerrymandering: Sometimes Pack, but Never Crack.” American Economic Review 98:113–144.Google Scholar
Friedman, Thomas. 1999. The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization. Cambridge: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Frohlich, Norman and Oppenheimer, Joe A.. 1978. Modern Political Economy. Cambridge: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Galaskiewicz, Joseph. 1995. “The Making of Organizational Reputation.” Minneapolis: University of Minnesota mimeo.Google Scholar
Gale, Fred. 2013. “When Interests Trump Institutions: Tasmania’s Forest Policy Network and the Bell Bay Pulp Mill.” Environmental Politics 22:274–292.Google Scholar
Galpin, Charles Josiah. 1915. The Social Anatomy of an Agricultural Community. Cambridge: University of Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 34.Google Scholar
Gamble, Clive, Gowlett, John, and Dunbar, Robin. 2014. Thinking Big: How the Evolution of Social Life Shaped the Human Mind. Cambridge: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Gardner, Howard. 1995. Leading Minds: An Anatomy of Leadership. Cambridge: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Garrett, Kristin N. and Jansa, Joshua M.. 2015. “Interest Group Influence in Policy Diffusion Networks.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly 15:387–417.Google Scholar
Gasparri, N. Ignacio and Ricardo Grau, H.. 2009. “Deforestation and Fragmentation of Chaco Dry Forest in NW Argentina 1972–2007.” Forest Ecology and Management 258:913–921.Google Scholar
Gegov, Emil, Nadia Postorino, M., Atherton, Mark, and Gobet, Fernand. 2013. “Community Structure Detection in the Evolution of the United States Airport Network.” Advances in Complex Systems 16:1350003.Google Scholar
Ghosn, Faten, Palmer, Glenn, and Bremer, Stuart A.. 2004. “The MID3 Data Set, 1993–2001: Procedures, Coding Rules, and Description.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 21:133–154.Google Scholar
Gibler, Douglas M. 2009. International Military Alliances, 1648–2008. Cambridge: CQ Press.Google Scholar
Gibler, Douglas M. 2013. “Release Notes for Version 4: Correlates of War Formal Interstate Alliance Dataset, 1816–2012.” Retrieved June 28, 2016 (http://correlatesofwar.org).Google Scholar
Gibler, Douglas M. and Sarkees, Meredith Reid. 2004. “Measuring Alliances: The Correlates of War Formal Interstate Alliance Dataset, 1816–2000.” Journal of Peace Research 41:211–222.Google Scholar
Giddens, Anthony. 1979. Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure, and Contradiction in Social Analysis. Cambridge: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Girvan, Michelle and Newman, Mark E. J.. 2002. “Community Structure in Social and Biological Networks.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99:7821–7826.Google Scholar
Gochman, Charles S. and Leng, Russell J.. 1988. “Militarized Disputes, Incidents, and Crises: Identification and Classification.” International Interactions 14:157–163.Google Scholar
Gochman, Charles S. and Maoz, Zeev. 1984. “Militarized Interstate Disputes, 1816–1976: Procedures, Patterns, and Insights.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 28:585–616.Google Scholar
Goldstein, Harvey. 1987. Multilevel Models in Education and Social Research. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Golub, Alex. 2010. “Being in the World (of Warcraft): Raiding, Realism, and Knowledge Production in a Massively Multiplayer Online Game.” Anthropological Quarterly 83:17–45.Google Scholar
Gould, Roger V. and Fernandez, Roberto M.. 1989. “Structures of Mediation: A Formal Approach to Brokerage in Transaction Networks.” Sociological Methodology 19:89–126.Google Scholar
Grabowicz, Przemyslaw A., Ramasco, Jose J., Moro, Esteban, Pujol, Josep M., and Eguiluz, Victor M.. 2012. “Social Features of Online Networks: The Strength of Intermediary Ties in Online Social Media.” PLoS ONE 7:e29358.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78:1360–1380.Google Scholar
Gray, Virginia and Lowery, David. 1996. The Population Ecology of Interest Representation: Lobbying Communities in the American States. Cambridge: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Gray, Virginia, Cluverius, John, Harden, Jeffrey J., Shor, Boris, and Lowery, David. 2015. “When Reds Are Redder and Blues Are Bluer: Party Competition, Party Polarization, and the Changing Demand for Lobbying in the American States.” American Politics Research 43:175–204.Google Scholar
Grimmer, Justin and Powell, Eleanor Neff. 2014. “Money in Exile: Campaign Contributions and Committee Access.” Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Working Paper. Retrieved March 15, 2016 (http://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/applied_stats/files/money_in_exile.pdf).Google Scholar
Grossman, Matt and Dominguez, Casey B. K.. 2009. “Party Coalitions and Interest Group Networks.” American Politics Research 37:767–800.Google Scholar
Gröteke, Friedrich and Kerber, Wolfgang. 2004. “The Case of Ryanair – EU State Aid Policy on the Wrong Runway.” ORDO: Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 55:313–332.Google Scholar
Gulati, Girish J. 2012. “Super PACs and Financing the 2012 Presidential Election.” Society 49:409–417.Google Scholar
Guo, Lei, Rohde, Jacob A., and Wu, H. Denis. 2020. “Who Is Responsible for Twitter’s Echo Chamber Problem? Evidence from 2016 US Election Networks.” Information, Communication & Society 23:234–251.Google Scholar
Gryc, Wojciech and Moilanen, Karo. 2014. “Leveraging Textual Sentiment Analysis with Social Network Modelling.” Pp. 47–70 in From Text to Political Positions: Text Analysis Across Disciplines, edited by Kaal, Bertie, Maks, Isa, and van Elfrinkhof, Annemarie. Cambridge: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Haas, Peter M. 1992. “Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination.” International Organization 46:1–35.Google Scholar
Haass, Richard N. 2013. “What International Community?” Project Syndicate July 24. Retrieved May 16, 2018 (www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/the-broken-tools-of-global-cooperation-by-richard-n--haass?barrier=accesspaylog).Google Scholar
Hafner-Burton, Emilie M. and Montgomery, Alexander H.. 2006. “International Organizations, Social Networks, and Conflict.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 50:3–27.Google Scholar
Hafner-Burton, Emilie M., Kahler, Miles, and Montgomery, Alexander H.. 2009. “Network Analysis for International Relations.” International Organization 63:559–592.Google Scholar
Haim, Dotan A. 2016. “Alliance Networks and Trade: The Effect of Indirect Political Alliances on Bilateral Trade Flows.” Journal of Peace Research 53:472–490.Google Scholar
Halberstam, Yosh and Knight, Brian. 2016. “Homophily, Group Size, and the Diffusion of Political Information in Social Networks: Evidence from Twitter.” Journal of Public Economics 143:73–88.Google Scholar
Halpin, Darren, Lowery, David, and Gray, Virginia, eds. 2016. The Organization Ecology of Interest Communities: Assessment and Agenda. Cambridge: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Han, Shin-Kap. 2009. “The Other Ride of Paul Revere: The Brokerage Role in the Making of the American Revolution.” Mobilization 14:143–162.Google Scholar
Hancock, Jay. 2018. “The Stealth Campaign to Kill Off Obamacare.” New York Times July 27. Retrieved August 10, 2018 (www.nytimes.com/2018/07/27/business/the-stealth-campaign-to-kill-off-obamacare.html).Google Scholar
Hare, Christopher and Poole, Keith T.. 2014. “The Polarization of Contemporary American Politics.” Polity 46:411–429.Google Scholar
Hassan, Hatem and Staggenborg, Suzanne. 2015. “Movements as Communities.” Pp. 340–354 in Oxford Handbook of Social Movements, edited by Porta, Donatella Della and Diani, Mario. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Heaney, Michael T. 2014. “Multiplex Networks and Interest Group Influence Reputation: An Exponential Random Graph Model.” Social Networks 36:66–81.Google Scholar
Heaney, Michael T. and Strickland, James M.. 2018. “A Network Approach to Interest Group Politics.” Pp. 433–452 in Oxford Handbook of Political Networks, edited by Victor, Jennifer Nicoll, Montgomery, Alexander, and Lubell, Mark. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Heclo, Hugh. 1978. “Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment.” Pp. 87–124 in The New American Political System, edited by King, Anthony. Cambridge: American Enterprise Institute.Google Scholar
Heinz, John P., Laumann, Edward O., Nelson, Robert L., and Salisbury, Robert H.. 1993. The Hollow Core: Private Interests in National Policy Making. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Henning, Christian. 2009. “Networks of Power in the CAP System of the EU-15 and the EU-27.” Journal of Public Policy 29:153–177.Google Scholar
Hoang, Ha and Antoncic, Bostjan. 2003. “Network-Based Research in Entrepreneurship: A Critical Review.” Journal of Business Venturing 18:165–187.Google Scholar
Hogan, Michael J., Long, Michael A., and Stretesky, Paul B.. 2010. “Campaign Contributions, Lobbying and Post-Katrina Contracts.” Disasters 34:593–607.Google Scholar
Hojnacki, Marie, Marchetti, Kathleen M., Baumgartner, Frank R., Berry, Jeffrey M., Kimball, David C., and Leech, Beth L.. 2015. “Assessing Business Advantage in Washington Lobbying.” Interest Groups & Advocacy 4:205–224.Google Scholar
Holcombe, Randall G. 2002. “Political Entrepreneurship and the Democratic Allocation of Economic Resources.” Review of Austrian Economics 15:143–159.Google Scholar
Holland, John H. 2000. Emergence: From Chaos to Order. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hollway, James. 2015. “The Evolution of Global Fisheries Governance 1960–2010.” PhD dissertation, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Hollway, James. 2020. “Network Embeddedness and the Rate of Water Cooperation and Conflict.” Pp. 87–113 in Networks in Water Governance, edited by Fischer, Manuel and Ingold, Karin. Cambridge: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Hollway, James and Koskinen, Johan H.. 2016a. “Multilevel Embeddedness: The Case of the Global Fisheries Governance Complex.” Social Networks 44:281–294.Google Scholar
Hollway, James and Koskinen, Johan H.. 2016b. “Multilevel Bilateralism and Multilateralism: States’ Bilateral and Multilateral Fisheries Treaties and Their Secretariats.” Pp. 315–132 in Multilevel Network Analysis for the Social Sciences, edited by Lazega, Emmanuel and Snijders, Tom A. B.. Cambridge: Springer.Google Scholar
Hollway, James, Lomi, Alessandro, Pallotti, Francesca, and Stadtfeld, Christoph. 2017. “Multilevel Social Spaces: The Network Dynamics of Organizational Fields.” Network Science 5:187–212.Google Scholar
Hollway, James, Morin, Jean-Frédéric, and Pauwelyn, Joost. 2020. “Structural Conditions for Novelty: The Introduction of New Environmental Clauses to the Trade Regime Complex.” International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 20:61–83.Google Scholar
Höök, Mikael and Xu, Tang. 2013. “Depletion of Fossil Fuels and Anthropogenic Climate Change: A Review.” Energy Policy 52:797–809.Google Scholar
Hopkins, Terence and Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1986. “Commodity Chains in the World Economy Prior to 1800.” Review 10:157–170.Google Scholar
Hovi, Jon, Sprinz, Detlef F., Sælen, Håkon, and Underdal, Arild. 2019. “The Club Approach: A Gateway to Effective Climate Co-operation?” British Journal of Political Science 49:1071–1096.Google Scholar
Huber, Jürgen and Kirchler, Michael. 2013. “Corporate Campaign Contributions and Abnormal Stock Returns after Presidential Elections.” Public Choice 156:285–307.Google Scholar
Hula, Kevin W. 1999. Lobbying Together: Interest Group Coalitions in Legislative Politics. Cambridge: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Iacobucci, Dawn and Wasserman, Stanley. 1990. “Social Networks with Two Sets of Actors.” Psychometrika 55:707–720.Google Scholar
Ikematsu, Kyohei and Murata, Tsuyoshi. 2013. “A Fast Method for Detecting Communities from Tripartite Networks.” Pp. 192–205 in International Conference on Social Informatics. Cambridge: Springer.Google Scholar
Inglehart, Ronald and Welzel, Christian. 2005. Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ingold, Karin and Christopoulos, Dimitris. 2015. “The Networks of Political Entrepreneurs: A Case Study of Swiss Climate Policy.” Pp. 17–30 in Entrepreneurship in the Polis: Understanding Political Entrepreneurship, edited by Aflaki, Inga Narbutaité, Petridou, Evangelia and Miles, Lee. Cambridge: Ashgate. Ingold, Karin and Leifeld, Philip. 2016. “Structural and Institutional Determinants of Influence Reputation: A Comparison of Collaborative and Adversarial Policy Networks in Decision Making and Implementation.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 26:1–18.Google Scholar
Ingold, Karin and Varone, Frédéric. 2011. “Treating Policy Brokers Seriously: Evidence from the Climate Policy.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 22:319–346.Google Scholar
Ingold, Karin, Fisher, Manuel, and Christopoulos, Dimitris. Forthcoming. “The Roles Actors Play in Policy Networks: Central Positions in Strongly Institutionalized Fields.” Network Science.
Google Scholar
Ingram, Paul, Robinson, Jeffrey, and Busch, Marc L.. 2005. “The Intergovernmental Network of World Trade: IGO Connectedness, Governance, and Embeddedness.” American Journal of Sociology 111:824–858.Google Scholar
Inguaggiato, Carla, Tschopp, Maurice, Ceddia, Grazziano, and Christopoulos, Dimitris. 2019. “Governance Structures in Native Forests’ Management Policy in North Argentina.” 2019 World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty. Cambridge: The World Bank. March 25–29.Google Scholar
Jackson, Matthew O. and Nei, Stephen. 2015. “Networks of Military Alliances, Wars, and International Trade.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(50):15277–15284.Google Scholar
Jacob, Philip E. and Teune, Henry. 1964. “The Integrative Process: Guidelines for Analysis of the Bases of Political Community.” Pp. 1–45 in The Integration of Political Communities, edited by Jacob, Philip E. and Toscano, James V.. Cambridge: Lippincott.Google Scholar
Jacques, Martin. 2006. “What the Hell Is the International Community?” The Guardian, August 24. Retrieved May 16, 2018 (www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/aug/24/whatthehellistheinternati).Google Scholar
James, Scott and Christopoulos, Dimitris 2018. “Reputational Leadership and Preference Similarity: Explaining Organisational Collaboration in Bank Policy Networks.” European Journal of Political Research 57:518–538.Google Scholar
Jasny, Lorien and Lubell, Mark. 2015. “Two-Mode Brokerage in Policy Networks.” Social Networks 41:36–47.Google Scholar
Jasper, James M., Moran, Kevin, and Tramontano, Marisa. 2015. “Strategy.” Pp. 399–409 in Oxford Handbook of Social Movements, edited by Porta, Donatella Della and Diani, Mario. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jochim, Ashley E. and Jones, Bryan D.. 2013. “Issue Politics in a Polarized Congress.” Political Research Quarterly 66:352–369.Google Scholar
Jones, Bryan D. and Baumgartner, Frank R.. 2012. “From There to Here: Punctuated Equilibrium to the General Punctuation Thesis to a Theory of Government Information Processing.” Policy Studies Journal 40:1–20.Google Scholar
Jordan, Grant. 1990. “Sub-Government, Policy Communities and Networks: Refilling the Old Bottles?” Journal of Theoretical Politics 2:319–338.Google Scholar
Jordan, Grant. 2005. “Bringing Policy Communities Back In? A Comment on Grant.” British Journal of Politics and International Relations 7:317–321.Google Scholar
Jordana, Jacint and Sancho, David. 2005. “Policy Networks and Market Opening: Telecommunications Liberalization in Spain.” European Journal of Political Research 44:519–546.Google Scholar
Kahneman, Daniel and Tversky, Amos. 1979. “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk.” Econometrica 47:263–292.Google Scholar
Kaldor, Mary, Anheier, Helmut, and Glasius, Marlies. 2003. Global Civil Society. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. 1795. Zum ewigen Frieden: Ein philosophischer Entwurf [Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch]. Cambridge: F. Nicolovius.Google Scholar
Kawawa-Beaudeu, Julien, Akin-David, Charles, and Akujobi, Ikechi. 2016. “Detecting and Analyzing Political Communities in Politics Sub-Reddit Comments.” Retrieved May 25, 2018. (http://snap.stanford.edu/class/cs224w-2016/projects/cs224w-71-final.pdf).Google Scholar
Kekic, Laza. 2007. “The Economist Intelligence Unit’s Index of Democracy.” Retrieved July 4, 2016 (www.economist.com/media/pdf/DEMOCRACY_INDEX_2007_v3.pdf).Google Scholar
Keohane, Robert O. and Victor, David G.. 2011. “The Regime Complex for Climate Change.” Perspectives on Politics 9:7–23.Google Scholar
Kick, Edward L. 1987. “World-System Structure, National Development, and the Prospects for a Socialist World Order.” Pp. 127–155 in America’s Changing Role in the World System, edited by Boswell, Terry and Bergesen, Albert. Cambridge: Praeger.Google Scholar
Kick, Edward L. and Davis, Byron L.. 2001. “World-System Structure and Change: An Analysis of Global Networks and Economic Growth across Two Time Periods.” American Behavioral Scientist 44:1561–1578.Google Scholar
Kick, Edward L., McKinney, Laura A., McDonald, Steve, and Jorgenson, Andrew. 2011. “A Multiple-Network Analysis of the World System of Nations, 1995–1999.” Pp. 311–327 in The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by Scott, John and Carrington, Peter J.. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Kilduff, Martin and Krackhardt, David. 2008. Interpersonal Networks in Organizations: Cognition, Personality, Dynamics, and Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kilduff, Martin and Tsai, Wenpin. 2003. Social Networks and Organizations. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Kilgore, Christopher D. 2013. “Rhetoric of the Network: Toward a New Metaphor.” Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 46:37–58.Google Scholar
Kim, In Song. 2017. “Political Cleavages within Industry: Firm-Level Lobbying for Trade Liberalization.” American Political Science Review 111:1–20.Google Scholar
Kingdon, John. 1995. Agenda, Alternatives and Public Policies. Cambridge: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Kinne, Brandon J. 2013. “Network Dynamics and the Evolution of International Cooperation.” American Political Science Review 107:766–785.Google Scholar
Klandermans, Bert and Oegema, Dirk. 1987. “Potentials, Networks, Motivations, and Barriers: Steps towards Participation in Social Movements.” American Sociological Review 52:519–531.Google Scholar
Klandermans, Bert, van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien, and Gaidyte, Teodora. 2014. “Caught in the Act of Protest: CCC-Project.” DANS (https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-zwj-gkeu).Google Scholar
Klüver, Heike, Braun, Caelesta, and Beyers, Jan. 2015. “Legislative Lobbying in Context: Towards a Conceptual Framework of Interest Group Lobbying in the European Union.” Journal of European Public Policy 22:447–461.Google Scholar
Knoke, David. 1990a. Political Networks: The Structural Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Knoke, David. 1990b. “Networks of Political Action: Towards Theory Construction.” Social Forces 68:1041–1063.Google Scholar
Knoke, David. 1998a. “Who Steals My Purse Steals Trash: The Structure of Organizational Reputation.” Journal of Political Theory 10:507–530.Google Scholar
Knoke, David. 1998b. “The Organizational State: Origins and Prospects.” Research in Political Sociology 8:147–163.Google Scholar
Knoke, David. 2011. “Policy Networks.” Pp. 210–222 in The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by Scott, John and Carrington, Peter J.. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Knoke, David. 2018. “Power Networks.” Pp. 539–561 in The Palgrave Handbook of Political Elites, edited by Best, Heinrich and Higley, John. Cambridge: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Knoke, David and Bokun, Anna. Forthcoming. “Social Relations and Economy: The Effects of Social Ties and Networks on Economic Behavior.” In A Modern Guide to Economic Sociology, edited by Zafirovski, Milan. Cheltenham and Camberley: Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar
Knoke, David and Kostiuchenko, Tetiana. 2017. “Policy Networks: Structures and Power.” Pp. 91–113 in Oxford Handbook of Political Networks, edited by Victor, Jennifer Nicoll, Montgomery, Alexander, and Lubell, Mark. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Knoke, David and Laumann, Edward O.. 1982. “The Social Structure of National Policy Domains: An Exploration of Some Structural Hypotheses.” Pp. 255–270 in Social Structure and Network Analysis, edited by Marsden, Peter V. and Lin, Nan. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Knoke, David and Yang, Song. 2020. Social Network Analysis. 3rd Edition. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Knoke, David, Pappi, Franz Urban, Broadbent, Jeffrey, and Tsujinaka, Yutaka. 1996. Comparing Policy Networks: Labor Politics in the U.S., Germany, and Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Koskinen, Johan. 2014. “Exponential Random Graph Models.” Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online. Pp. 1–12.Google Scholar
Koskinen, Johan and Edling, Christofer. 2012. “Modelling the Evolution of a Bipartite Network: Peer Referral in Interlocking Directorates.” Social Networks 34:309–322.Google Scholar
Koskinen, Johan and Snijders, Tom A. B.. 2013. “Simulation, Estimation, and Goodness of Fit.” Pp. 141–166 in Exponential Random Graph Models for Social Networks, edited by Lusher, Dan, Koskinen, Johan, and Robins, Garry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Koskinen, Johan, Robins, Garry L., Wang, Pen, and Pattison, Philippa E.. 2013. “Bayesian Analysis for Partially Observed Network Data, Missing Ties, Attributes and Actors.” Social Networks
35
:514–527.Google Scholar
Koskinen, Johan, Marcum, Christopher S., Christopoulos, Dimitris, and Sohn, Christophe. 2019. “ERGM Inference for Unobserved Inter-organisational Ties Based on Key Informant Reports.” 39th INSNA-Sunbelt Meetings, June 18–23. Montreal: University of Montreal.Google Scholar
Krackhardt, David. 1988. “Predicting with Networks: Nonparametric Multiple Regression Analysis of Dyadic Data.” Social Networks 10:359–381.Google Scholar
Krackhardt, David. 1990. “Assessing the Political Landscape: Structure, Cognition, and Power in Organizations.” Administrative Science Quarterly 35:342–369.Google Scholar
Krackhardt, David. 1992. “The Strength of Strong Ties: The Importance of Philos in Organizations.” Pp. 216–239 in Networks and Organizations, edited by Nohria, Nitin and Eccles, Robert. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press.Google Scholar
Krause, Robert W., Huisman, Mark, and Snijders, Tom A. B.. 2018. “Multiple Imputation for Longitudinal Network Data.” Italian Journal of Applied Statistics 30:33–58.Google Scholar
Krebs, Valdis. 2016. “New Political Patterns.” Retrieved December 20, 2016 (www.orgnet.com/divided.html).Google Scholar
Kriesi, Hanspeter. 1992. “The Rebellion of the Research ‘Objects.’” Pp. 194–216 in Studying Collective Action, edited by Diani, Mario and Eyerman, Ron. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Kriesi, Hanspeter, and Jegen, Maya. 2001. “The Swiss Energy Policy Elite: The Actor Constellation of a Policy Domain in Transition.” European Journal of Political Research 39:251–287.Google Scholar
Kriesi, Hanspeter and Pappas, Takis S., eds. 2015. European Populism in the Shadow of the Great Recession. Cambridge: ECPR Press.Google Scholar
Kriesi, Hanspeter, Koopmans, Ruud, Duyvendak, Jan Willem, and Giugni, Marco. 1995. New Social Movements in Western Europe. Cambridge: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Kriesi, Hanspeter, Grande, Edgar, Dolezal, Martin, Helbling, Marc, Hoeglinger, Dominic, Hutter, Swen, and Wuest, Bruno. 2012. Political Conflict in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Krivitsky, Pavel N. and Handcock, Mark S.. 2014. “A Separable Model for Dynamic Networks.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology) 76:29–46.Google Scholar
Kroger, Gregory and Victor, Jennifer Nicoll. 2009. “The Beltway Network: A Network Analysis of Lobbyists’ Donations to Members of Congress.” Working Papers 32. Retrieved August 17, 2020 (https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/60537731.pdf).Google Scholar
La Raja, Raymond J. 2012. “Why Super PACs: How the American Party System Outgrew the Campaign Finance System.” The Forum 10:91–104.Google Scholar
Laakso, Lisa. 2017. “State Collapse and International Community.” Pp. 71–85 in The New Millennium: Challenges and Strategies for a Globalizing World, edited by Krishna-Hensel, Sai Felicia. Cambridge: Routledge.Google Scholar
Labatut, Vincent, Dugué, Nicolas, and Perez, Anthony. 2014. “Identifying the Community Roles of Social Capitalists in the Twitter Network.” Pp. 371–374 in 2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining. Retrieved August 17, 2020 (https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.6611.pdf).Google Scholar
Laffan, Brigid. 1997. “From Policy Entrepreneur to Policy Manager: The Challenge Facing the European Commission.” Journal of European Public Policy 4:422–438.Google Scholar
Lambiotte, Renaud and Ausloos, Marcel. 2006. “Collaborative Tagging as a Tripartite Network.” Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3993:1114–1117.Google Scholar
Lambiotte, Renaud, Blondel, Vincent D., de Kerchove, Cristobald, Huens, Etienne, Prieur, Christophe, Smoreda, Zbigniew, and Van Dooren, Paul. 2008. “Geographical Dispersal of Mobile Communication Networks.” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications 387:5317–5325.Google Scholar
Lancichinetti, Andrea and Fortunato, Santo. 2009. “Community Detection Algorithms: A Comparative Analysis.” Physical Review E 80:056117.Google Scholar
Larremore, Daniel B., Clauset, Aaron, and Jacobs, Abigail Z.. 2014. “Efficiently Inferring Community Structure in Bipartite Networks.” Physical Review E 90:012805.Google Scholar
Larsen, Anton G. and Ellersgaard, Christoph H.. 2017. “Identifying Power Elites: K-Cores in Heterogeneous Affiliation Networks.” Social Networks 50:55–69.Google Scholar
Latapy, Matthieu, Magnien, Clémence, and Del Vecchio, Nathalie. 2008. “Basic Notions for the Analysis of Large Two-Mode Networks.” Social Networks 30:31–48.Google Scholar
Laumann, Edward O. and Knoke, David. 1987. The Organizational State: A Perspective on the Social Organization of National Energy and Health Policy Domains. Cambridge: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Laumann, Edward O. and Pappi, Franz U.. 1976. Networks of Collective Action: A Perspective on Community Influence Systems. Cambridge: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Laumann, Edward O., Galaskiewicz, Joseph, and Marsden, Peter V.. 1978. “Community Structure as Interorganizational Linkages.” Annual Review of Sociology 4:455–484.Google Scholar
Lazega, Emmanuel and Snijders, Tom A. B., eds. 2016. Multilevel Network Analysis for the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Springer.Google Scholar
Lee, Frances E. 2015. “How Party Polarization Affects Governance.” Annual Review of Political Science 18:261–282.Google Scholar
Leech, Beth L. 2015. “Interest Community Influence: A Neopluralist Perspective.” Pp. 183–202 in The Organization Ecology of Interest Communities: Assessment and Agenda, edited by Halpin, Darren, Lowery, David, and Gray, Virginia. Cambridge: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
LegisStorm.com. 2016. “About LegisStorm’s Congressional Travel Database.” Retrieved April 24, 2016 (www.legistorm.com/trip/about.html).Google Scholar
Leifeld, Philip and Schneider, Volker. 2012. “Information Exchange in Policy Networks.” American Journal of Political Science 56:731–744.Google Scholar
Leng, Russell J. and Singer, J. David. 1988. “Militarized Interstate Crises: The BCOW Typology and Its Applications.” International Studies Quarterly 32:155–173.Google Scholar
Lerner, Daniel. 1958. The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East. Cambridge: Free Press.Google Scholar
Leskovec, Jure and Sosič, Rok. 2016. “Snap: A General-Purpose Network Analysis and Graph-Mining Library.” ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST) 8:1–20.Google Scholar
Leskovec, Jure, Lang, Kevin J., and Mahoney, Michael. 2010. “Empirical Comparison of Algorithms for Network Community Detection.” Pp. 631–640 in Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web. Retrieved August 17, 2020 (https://arxiv.org/pdf/1004.3539.pdf).Google Scholar
Lindberg, Tod. 2014. Making Sense of the “International Community.” Cambridge: Council on Foreign Relations.Google Scholar
Lloyd, Paulette, Mahutga, Matthew C., and De Leeuw, Jan. 2009. “Looking Back and Forging Ahead: Thirty Years of Social Network Research on the World-System.” Journal of World-Systems Research 15:48–85.Google Scholar
Lo, Clarence Y. H. 1992. “Communities of Challengers in Social Movement Theory.” Pp. 224–247 in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by Morris, Aldon and Mueller, Carol McClurg. Cambridge: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Lomi, Alessandro, Robins, Garry, and Tranmer, Mark. 2016. “Introduction to Multilevel Social Networks.” Social Networks 44:266–268.Google Scholar
Lorrain, Francois and White, Harrison C.. 1971. “Structural Equivalence of Individuals in Social Networks.” Journal of Mathematical Sociology 1:49–80.Google Scholar
Lowery, David and Gray, Virginia. 2015. “An Introduction to the Population Ecology Approach.” Pp. 1–15 in The Organization Ecology of Interest Communities, edited by Halpin, Darren, Lowery, David, and Gray, Virginia. Cambridge: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Lubell, Mark. 2013. “Governing Institutional Complexity: The Ecology of Games Framework.” Policy Studies Journal 41:537–559.Google Scholar
Lubell, Mark, Robins, Garry, and Wang, Peng. 2014. “Network Structure and Institutional Complexity in an Ecology of Water Management Games.” Ecology and Society 19:23.Google Scholar
Lupu, Yonatan and Traag, Vincent A.. 2013. “Trading Communities, the Networked Structure of International Relations, and the Kantian Peace.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 57:1011–1042.Google Scholar
Lusher, Dean, Koskinen, Johan, and Robins, Garry, eds. 2013. Exponential Random Graph Models for Social Networks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mahutga, Matthew C. 2006. “The Persistence of Structural Inequality? A Network Analysis of International Trade, 1965–2000.” Social Forces 84:1863–1889.Google Scholar
Mahutga, Matthew C. 2014. “Global Production Networks and International Inequality: Making a Case for a Meso-Level Turn in Macro-Comparative Sociology.” Journal of World-Systems Research 20:11–37.Google Scholar
Mahutga, Matthew C. and Smith, David A.. 2011. “Globalization, the Structure of the World Economy and Economic Development.” Social Science Research 40:257–272.Google Scholar
Mangan, Dan. 2017. “Obamacare Kept Reducing Number of Americans without Health Insurance during Trump’s First Months in Office.” Retrieved August 10, 2018 (www.cnbc.com/2017/08/29/obamacare-kept-reducing-number-of-americans-without-health-insurance.html).Google Scholar
Manger, Mark S. and Pickup, Mark A.. 2016. “The Coevolution of Trade Agreement Networks and Democracy.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 60:164–191.Google Scholar
Manger, Mark S., Pickup, Mark A., and Snijders, Tom A. B.. 2012. “A Hierarchy of Preferences: A Longitudinal Network Analysis Approach to PTA Formation.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 56:853–878.Google Scholar
Mannarini, Terri, Rochira, Alessia, and Talò, Cosimo. 2014. “Negative Psychological Sense of Community: Development of a Measure and Theoretical Implications.” Journal of Community Psychology 42:673–688.Google Scholar
Mansfield, Edward D. and Pollins, Brian M.. 2001. “The Study of Interdependence and Conflict: Recent Advances, Open Questions, and Directions for Future Research.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 45:834–859.Google Scholar
Maoz, Zeev. 1997. “The Controversy over the Democratic Peace: Rearguard Action or Cracks in the Wall?” International Security 22:162–198.Google Scholar
Maoz, Zeev. 2010. Networks of Nations: The Evolution, Structure, and Impact of International Networks, 1816–2001. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Maoz, Zeev and Abdolali, Nasrin. 1989. “Regime Types and International Conflict, 1816–1976.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 33:3–35.Google Scholar
Maoz, Zeev and Russett, Bruce. 1993. “Normative and Structural Causes of Democratic Peace, 1946–1986.” American Political Science Review 87:624–638.Google Scholar
Marsh, David and Smith, Martin. 2001. “There Is More Than One Way to Do Political Science: On Different Ways to Study Policy Networks.” Political Studies 49:528–541.Google Scholar
Marshall, David. 2015. “Explaining Interest Group Interactions with Party Group Members in the European Parliament: Dominant Party Groups and Coalition Formation.” Jcms_ Journal of Common Market Studies 53:311–329.Google Scholar
Martin, John Levi. 2003. “What Is Field Theory?” American Journal of Sociology 109:1–49.Google Scholar
Martin, Philippe, Mayer, Thierry, and Thoenig, Mathias. 2008. “Make Trade Not War?” Review of Economic Studies 75:865–900.Google Scholar
McAdam, Doug and Paulsen, Ronnelle. 1993. “Specifying the Relationship between Social Ties and Activism.” American Journal of Sociology 99:640–667.Google Scholar
McCarthy, John D., Rafail, Patrick, and Gromis, Ashley. 2013. “Recent Trends in Public Protest in the U.S.A.: The Social Movement Society Thesis Revisited.” Pp. 369–396 in The Future of Social Movement Research: Dynamics, Mechanisms, and Processes, edited by van Stekelenburg, Jacqueline, Roggeband, Conny, and Klandermans, Bert. Cambridge: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
McCarty, Nolan, Poole, Keith T., and Rosenthal, Howard. 2006. Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
McClurg, Scott D. and Philips, Jeremy. 2011. “A Social Network Analysis of Interest Group Contributions and Partisan Behavior in the 2006 House of Representatives.” Political Network Summer Conference. Retrieved March 21, 2016 (http://opensic.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1027&context=pnconfs_2011).Google Scholar
McGann, James G. 2016. “2015 Global Go to Think Tank Index Report.” TTCSP Global Go to Think Tank Index Reports. Paper 10. Retrieved May 5, 2016 (http://repository.upenn.edu/think_tanks/10).Google Scholar
McGrath, Cathleen and Krackhardt, David. 2003. “Network Conditions for Organizational Change.” Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 39:324–336.Google Scholar
McGregor, Heather, Smith, Matthew Paul, Sarabi, Yasaman, and Christopoulos, Dimitris. 2019. “Interlocking Directorates and Firm Performance: Role of Brokerage in UK FTSE350.” 39th INSNA-Sunbelt Meetings, June 18–23. Montreal: University of Montreal.Google Scholar
McKenzie, Roderick D. 1924. “The Ecological Approach to the Study of the Human Community.” American Journal of Sociology 30:287–301.Google Scholar
McLean, Iain. 2002. “Review Article: William Riker and the Invention of Heresthetics.” British Journal of Political Science 32:535–558.Google Scholar
McMillan, David W. and Chavis, David M.. 1986. “Sense of Community: A Definition and Theory.” Journal of Community Psychology 14:6–23.Google Scholar
McNeely, Connie L. 2012. “World Polity Theory.” In The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Globalization, edited by Ritzer, George. Cambridge: Blackwell.Google Scholar
McPherson, Miller. 1982. “Hypernetwork Sampling: Duality and Differentiation among Voluntary Organizations.” Social Networks 3:225−249.Google Scholar
McPherson, Miller. 1983. “An Ecology of Affiliation.” American Sociological Review 48:519–532.Google Scholar
McPherson, Miller, Popielarz, Pamela A., and Drobnic, Sonja. 1992. “Social Networks and Organizational Dynamics.” American Sociological Review 57:153–170.Google Scholar
Meisel, James. 1962. The Myth of the Ruling Class: Gaetano Mosca and the “Elite”. Cambridge: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Melamed, David. 2014. “Community Structures in Bipartite Networks: A Dual-Projection Approach.” PLoS ONE 9(5):e97823.Google Scholar
Melamed, David, Breiger, Ronald L., and West, A. Joseph. 2013. “Community Structure in Multi-Mode Networks: Applying an Eigenspectrum Approach.” Connections 33:18–23.Google Scholar
Melucci, Alberto. 1992. “Frontier Land: Collective Action between Actors and Systems.” Pp. 238–258 in Studying Collective Action, edited by Diani, Mario and Eyerman, Ron. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Mendieta, Jorge Gil, Schmidt, Samuel, Castro, Jorge, and Ruiz, Alejandro. 1997. “A Dynamic Analysis of the Mexican Power Network.” Connections 20:34–55.Google Scholar
Meyer, David S. and Tarrow, Sidney, eds. 1998. The Social Movement Society: Contentious Politics for a New Century. Cambridge: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Meyer, John W., Boli, John, Thomas, George M., and Ramirez, Francisco O.. 1997. “World Society and the Nation-State.” American Journal of Sociology 103:144–181.Google Scholar
Milewicz, Karolina, Hollway, James, Peacock, Claire, and Snidal, Duncan. 2018. “Beyond Trade: The Expanding Scope of the Non-Trade Agenda in Trade Agreements.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 62:743–773.Google Scholar
Miller, John H. and Page, Scott E.. 2009. Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life. Cambridge: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Mintrom, Michael. 2000. Policy Entrepreneurs and School Choice. Cambridge: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Mintrom, Michael and Vergari, Sandra. 1996. “Advocacy Coalitions, Policy Entrepreneurs, and Policy Change.” Policy Studies Journal 24:420–434.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Claire. 2017. Religion, Identity and Politics in Northern Ireland: Boundaries of Belonging and Belief. Cambridge: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mizruchi, Mark S. 1992. The Structure of Corporate Political Action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Mizruchi, Mark S. 1996. “What Do Interlocks Do? An Analysis, Critique, and Assessment of Research on Interlocking Directorates.” Annual Review of Sociology 22:271–298.Google Scholar
Mizruchi, Mark S. and Potts, Blyden. 1998. “Centrality and Power Revisited: Actor Success in Group Decision Making.” Social Networks 20:353–387.Google Scholar
Monge, Peter R. and Contractor, Noshir S.. 2003. Theories of Communication Networks. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Montello, Daniel R., Friedman, Alinda, and Phillips, Daniel W.. 2014. “Vague Cognitive Regions in Geography and Geographic Information Science.” International Journal of Geographical Information Science 28:1802–1820.Google Scholar
Moody, James and Mucha, Peter J.. 2013. “Portrait of Political Party Polarization.” Network Science 1:119–121.Google Scholar
Moreno, Jacob L. 1934. Who Shall Survive? A New Approach to the Problem of Human Interrelations. Cambridge: Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Morin, Jean-Frédéric, Pauwelyn, Joost, and Hollway, James. 2017. “The Trade Regime as a Complex Adaptive System: Exploration and Exploitation of Environmental Norms in Trade Agreements.” Journal of International Economic Law 20:365–390.Google Scholar
Mucha, Peter J., Richardson, Thomas, Macon, Kevin, Porter, Mason A., and Onnela, Jukka-Pekka. 2010. “Community Structure in Time-Dependent, Multiscale, and Multiplex Networks.” Science 328:876–878.Google Scholar
Murata, Tsuyoshi. 2010. “Detecting Communities from Tripartite Networks.” Pp. 1159–1160 in Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web. Retrieved July 27, 2020 (www.ra.ethz.ch/CDstore/www2010/www/p1159.pdf).Google Scholar
Murata, Tsuyoshi. 2011a. “Detecting Communities from Social Tagging Networks Based on Tripartite Modularity.” In Proceedings of Workshop on Link Analysis in Heterogeneous Information Networks. Retrieved July 27, 2020 (www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Detecting-Communities-from-Social-Tagging-Networks-Murata/fc914f4b7b0ad61bd92b736d14244be6b5ec7bc9).Google Scholar
Murata, Tsuyoshi. 2011b. “A New Tripartite Modularity for Detecting Communities.” Information and Media Technologies 6:572–579.Google Scholar
Neal, Zachary P. 2020. “A Sign of the Times? Weak and Strong Polarization in the US Congress, 1973–2016.” Social Networks 60:103–112.Google Scholar
Nemeth, Roger J. and Smith, David A.. 1985. “International Trade and World System Structure: A Multiple Network Analysis.” Review 8:517–560.Google Scholar
Neustadtl, Alan. 1990. “Interest-Group PACsmanship: An Analysis of Campaign Contributions, Issue Visibility, and Legislative Impact.” Social Forces 69:549–564.Google Scholar
Newcomb, Theodore M. 1961. The Acquaintance Process. Cambridge: Holt, Reinhard & Winston.Google Scholar
Newman, Mark E. J. 2003b. “The Structure and Function of Complex Networks.” SIAM Review 45:167–256.Google Scholar
Newman, Mark E. J. 2006a. “Modularity and Community Structure in Networks.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103:8577–8582.Google Scholar
Newman, Mark E. J. 2006b. “Finding Community Structure in Networks Using the Eigenvectors of Matrices.” Physical Review E 74:036104.Google Scholar
Newman, Mark E. J. 2010. Networks: An Introduction. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Newman, Mark E. J. and Girvan, Michelle. 2002. “Community Structure in Social and Biological Networks.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99:7821–7826.Google Scholar
Newman, Mark E. J. and Girvan, Michelle. 2004. “Finding and Evaluating Community Structure in Networks.” Physical Review E 69:026113.Google Scholar
Nicholson, L. and Anderson, A.. 2005. “News and Nuances of the Entrepreneurial Myth and Metaphor: Linguistic Games in Entrepreneurial Sense-Making and Sense-Giving.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 29:153–172.Google Scholar
de Nooy, Wouter. 2003. “Fields and Networks: Correspondence Analysis and Social Network Analysis in the Framework of Field Theory.” Poetics 31:305–327.Google Scholar
Nordhaus, William D. 2007. “To Tax or Not to Tax: Alternative Approaches to Slowing Global Warming.” Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 1:26–44.Google Scholar
Norman, Jim. 2019. “Healthcare Once Again Tops List of Americans’ Worries.” Gallup.com April 1. Retrieved June 10, 2019 (https://news.gallup.com/poll/248159/healthcare-once-again-tops-list-americans-worries.aspx).Google Scholar
Norris, Pippa, Wynter, Thomas, and Cameron, Sarah. 2018. Corruption and Coercion: The Year in Elections 2017. Cambridge: Electoral Integrity Project.Google Scholar
Oberthür, Sebastian and Stokke, Olav S., eds. 2011. Managing Institutional Complexity: Regime Interplay and Global Environmental Change. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Obst, Patricia, Smith, Sandy G., and Zinkiewicz, Lucy. 2001. “An Exploration of Sense of Community, Part 3: Dimensions and Predictors of Psychological Sense of Community in Geographical Communities.” Journal of Community Psychology 30:119–133.Google Scholar
Ohlemacher, Thomas. 1996. “Bridging People and Protest: Social Relays of Protest Groups against Low-Flying Military Jets in West Germany.” Social Problems 43:197–218.Google Scholar
Opsahl, Tore. 2013. “Triadic Closure in Two-Mode Networks: Redefining the Global and Local Clustering Coefficients.” Social Networks 35:159–167.Google Scholar
Orman, Günce Keziban, Labatut, Vincent, and Cherifi, Hocine. 2011. “On Accuracy of Community Structure Discovery Algorithms.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1112.4134.Google Scholar
Orman, Günce Keziban, Labatut, Vincent, and Cherifi, Hocine. 2012. “Comparative Evaluation of Community Detection Algorithms: A Topological Approach.” Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment no. 08:P08001.Google Scholar
Orr, James, Fabry, Victoria, et al. 2005. “Anthropogenic Ocean Acidification over the Twenty-First Century and Its Impact on Calcifying Organisms.” Nature 437:681–686.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ostrom, Elinor, Burger, Joanna, Field, Christopher B., Norgaard, Richard B., and Policansky, David. 1999. “Revisiting the Commons: Local Lessons, Global Challenges.” Science 284:278–282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Padgett, John F. and Ansell, Christopher K.. 1993. “Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400–1434.” American Journal of Sociology 98:1259–1319.Google Scholar
Padgett, John F. and McLean, Paul D.. 2006. “Organizational Invention and Elite Transformation: The Birth of Partnership Systems in Renaissance Florence.” American Journal of Sociology 111:1463–1568.Google Scholar
Padgett, John F. and Powell, Walter W. (eds.). 2012. The Emergence of Markets and Organizations. Cambridge: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Pagliari, Stefano and Young, Kevin. 2015. “The Interest Ecology of Financial Regulation: Interest Group Plurality in the Design of Financial Regulatory Policies.” Socio-Economic Review 14:309–337.Google Scholar
Pappi, Franz Urban. 1984. “Boundary Specification and Structural Models of Elite Systems: Social Circles Revisited.” Social Networks 6:79–95.Google Scholar
Pappi, Franz Urban and Henning, Christian H. C. A.. 1998. “Policy Networks: More Than a Metaphor?” Journal of Theoretical Politics 10:553–575.Google Scholar
Park, Robert E., Burgess, Ernest, and McKenzie, Roderick. 1925. The City. Cambridge: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Passy, Florence. 2003. “Social Networks Matter. But How?” Pp. 21–48 in Social Movements and Networks, edited by Diani, Mario and McAdam, Doug. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paterson, Matthew. 2019. “Using Negotiation Sites for Richer Collection of Network Data.” Global Environmental Politics 19:81–92.Google Scholar
Pattison, Philippa E. and Robins, Garry L.. 2004. “Building Models for Social Space: Neighourhood-Based Models for Social Networks and Affiliation Structures.” Mathematics and Social Sciences 42:11–29.Google Scholar
Pavan, Elena. 2012. Frames and Connections in the Governance of Global Communications: A Network Study of the Internet Governance Forum. Cambridge: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Pavan, Elena and Mainardi, Arianna. 2018. “Striking, Marching, Tweeting: Studying How Online Networks Change together with Movements.” Partecipazione e Conflitto 11:394–422.Google Scholar
Peoples, Clayton D. 2010. “Contributor Influence in Congress: Social Ties and PAC Effects on U.S. House Policymaking.” Sociological Quarterly 51:649–677.Google Scholar
Peoples, Clayton D. 2013. “Campaign Finance and Policymaking: PACs, Campaign Contributions, and Interest Group Influence in Congress.” Sociology Compass 7:900–913.Google Scholar
Petersen, R. Eric, Lisbeth, Terrence L., Gracias, Mabel, and Reynolds, Parker H.. 2010. International Travel by Congress: Legislation in the 111th Congress, Background, and Potential Policy Options. Cambridge: Congressional Research Service.Google Scholar
Petridou, Evangelia and Mintrom, Michael. 2021. “A Research Agenda for the Study of Policy Entrepreneurs.” Policy Studies Journal. (https://doi-org.ezp.biblio.unitn.it/10.1111/psj.12405).Google Scholar
Pevehouse, Jon and Nordstrom, Timothy. 2003. “Codebook for Correlates of War 2 International Organizations Data Set Version 2.1.” Retrieved June 28, 2016 (http://correlatesofwar.org).Google Scholar
Pew Research Center. 2020. “Republicans, Democrats Move Even Further Apart in Coronavirus Concerns.” June 25. Retrieved July 10, 2020 (www.pewresearch.org/politics/2020/06/25/republicans-democrats-move-even-further-apart-in-coronavirus-concerns).Google Scholar
Phillips, Daniel W. 2016. “Defining the Community of Interest as a Criterion for Boundary Drawing of Electoral Districts.” PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara.Google Scholar
Phillips, Daniel W. and Montello, Daniel R.. 2017. “Defining the Community of Interest as Thematic and Cognitive Regions.” Political Geography 61:31–45.Google Scholar
Polachek, Solomon W., Robst, John, and Chang, Yuan-Ching. 1999. “Liberalism and Interdependence: Extending the Trade-Conflict Model.” Journal of Peace Research 36:405–422.Google Scholar
Poland, Michelle and Maré, David C.. 2005. “Defining Geographic Community.” Wellington, New Zealand: Motu Economic and Public Policy Research Working Paper 05-09. Retrieved May 10, 2018 (http://motu-www.motu.org.nz/wpapers/05_09.pdf).Google Scholar
Ponzini, Davide and Rossi, Ugo. 2010. “Becoming a Creative City: The Entrepreneurial Mayor, Network Politics and the Promise of an Urban Renaissance.” Urban Studies 47:1037–1057.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poole, Keith T. and Romer, Thomas. 1985. “Patterns of Political Action Committee Contributions to the 1980 Campaigns for the United.” Public Choice 47:63–111.Google Scholar
Poole, Keith T. and Rosenthal, Howard. 1985. “A Spatial Model for Legislative Roll Call Analysis.” American Journal of Political Science 29:357–384.Google Scholar
Poole, Keith T. and Rosenthal, Howard. 1991. “Patterns of Congressional Voting.” American Journal of Political Science 35:228–278.Google Scholar
Poole, Keith T. and Rosenthal, Howard. 1997. Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll-Call Voting. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Poole, Keith T. and Rosenthal, Howard. 2001. “D-NOMINATE after 10 Years: A Comparative Update to Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll-Call Voting.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 26:5–29.Google Scholar
Poole, Keith T. and Rosenthal, Howard. 2007. Ideology & Congress. Cambridge: Transaction. Poole, Keith T., Romer, Thomas, and Rosenthal, Howard. 1987. The Revealed Preferences of Political Action Committees.” American Economic Association Papers and Proceedings 77:298–302.Google Scholar
Porter, Mason A., Mucha, Peter J., Newman, Mark E. J., and Warmbrand, Casey M.. 2005. “A Network Analysis of Committees in the U.S. House of Representatives.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102:7057–7062.Google Scholar
Porter, Mason A., Onnela, Jukka-Pekka, and Mucha, Peter J.. 2009. “Communities in Networks.” Notices of the AMS 56:1082–1097.Google Scholar
Powell, G. Bingham. 2000. Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions. Cambridge: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Cambridge: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Raab, Jörg and Kenis, Patrick. 2007. “Taking Stock of Policy Networks: Do They Matter?” Pp. 187–200 in Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Methods and Politics, edited by Fischer, Frank, Miller, Gerald J., and Sidney, Mara S.. Cambridge: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Rao, Pemmaraju Sreenivasa. 2011. “The Concept of ‘International Community’ in International Law and the Developing Countries.” Pp. 326–338 in From Bilateralism to Community Interest: Essays in Honour of Bruno Simma, edited by Fastenrath, Ulrich, Geiger, Rudolf, Khan, Daniel-Erasmus, Paulus, Andreas, von Schorlemer, Sabine, and Vedder, Christoph. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Raustiala, Kal and Victor, David G.. 2004. “The Regime Complex for Plant Genetic Resources.” International Organization 58:277–309.Google Scholar
Rekha, C. 2012. “Evolving Groups Identification in Multimode Networks.” Pp. 12–15 in International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering ICCSE-2012.Google Scholar
Rethemeyer, R. Karl. 2007. “Policymaking in the Age of Internet: Is the Internet Tending to Make Policy Networks More or Less Inclusive?” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 17:259–284.Google Scholar
Rhodes, Roderick A. W. 1990. “Policy Networks: A British Perspective.” Journal of Theoretical Politics 2:293–317.Google Scholar
Rhodes, Roderick A. W. and Marsh, David. 1992. “New Directions in the Study of Policy Networks.” European Journal of Political Research 21:181–205.Google Scholar
Riker, William. 1986. The Art of Political Manipulation. Cambridge: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Rippere, Paulina S. 2016. “Polarization Reconsidered: Bipartisan Cooperation through Bill Cosponsorship.” Polity 48:243–278.Google Scholar
Roberts, Nancy and King., Paula 1991. “Policy Entrepreneurs Their Activity Structure and Function in the Policy Process.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 1:147–175.Google Scholar
Robins, Garry. 2011. “Exponential Random Graph Models for Social Networks.” Pp. 484–500 in The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by Scott, John and Carrington, Peter J.. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Robins, Garry, and Alexander, Malcolm. 2004. “Small Worlds among Interlocking Directors: Network Structure and Distance in Bipartite Graphs.” Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory 10(41):69–94.Google Scholar
Robins, Garry, Lewis, Jenny M., and Wang, Peng. 2012. “Statistical Network Analysis for Analyzing Policy Networks.” Policy Studies Journal 40:375–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roethlisberger, Fritz J. and Dickson, William J.. 1939. Management and the Worker. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Rogaly, Ben and Taylor, Becky. 2016. Moving Histories of Class and Community: Identity, Place and Belonging in Contemporary England. Cambridge: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Roscoe, Douglas D. and Jenkins, Shannon. 2005. “A Meta-Analysis of Campaign Contributions’ Impact on Roll Call Voting.” Social Science Quarterly 86:52–68.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, Naomi, Fingrutd, Meryl, Ethier, Michele, Karant, Roberta, and McDonald, David. 1985. “Social Movements and Network Analysis: A Case Study of Nineteenth-Century Women’s Reform in New York State.” American Journal of Sociology 90:1022–1054.Google Scholar
Rostow, Walt Whitman. 1960. The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Russet, Bruce. 1993. Grasping the Democratic Peace. Cambridge: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Sáez, Lawrence. 2008. “Trade and Conflict Reduction: Implications for Regional Strategic Stability.” British Journal of Politics and International Relations 10:698–716. Sabatier, Paul A. 1998. “The Advocacy Coalition Framework: Revisions and Relevance for Europe.” Journal of European Public Policy 5:98–130.Google Scholar
Sampson, Frank. 1968. “A Novitiate in a Period of Change: An Experimental and Case Study of Social Relationships.” PhD dissertation, Cornell University.Google Scholar
Sampson, Robert J., McAdam, Doug, MacIndoe, Heather, and Weffer-Elizondo, Simón. 2005. “Civil Society Reconsidered: The Durable Nature and Community Structure of Collective Civic Action.” American Journal of Sociology 111:673–714.Google Scholar
Schlager, Edella. 1995. “Policy Making and Collective Action: Defining Coalitions within the Advocacy Coalition Framework.” Policy Sciences 28:242–270.Google Scholar
Schou, Arild. 1997. “Elite Identification in Collective Protest Movements: A Reconsideration of the Reputational Method with Application to the Palestinian Intifada.” Mobilization 2:71–86.Google Scholar
Scott, John C. 2013. “Social Processes in Lobbyist Agenda Development: A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Interest Groups and Legislation.” Policy Studies Journal 41:608–635.Google Scholar
Seghezzo, Lucas, Volante, José N., Paruelo, José M., Somma, Daniel J., Catalina Buliubasich, E., Rodríguez, Hector E., Gagnon, Sandra, and Hufty, Mark. 2011. “Native Forests and Agriculture in Salta (Argentina): Conflicting Visions of Development.” Journal of Environment & Development 20:251–277.Google Scholar
Seligman, Lester G. 1980. “Book Review: Leadership by James MacGregor-Burns.” American Political Science Review 74:153–156.Google Scholar
Sewell, William H. 1992. “A Theory of Structure: Duality, Agency, and Transformation.” American Journal of Sociology 98:1–29.Google Scholar
Shane, Scott and Venkataraman, Sankaran. 2000. “The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research.” Academy of Management Review
25
:217–226.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Walter. 2017. “Legislating in the Super Pac Era.” New York: Brennan Center for Justice. Retrieved August 10, 2018 (www.brennancenter.org/blog/legislating-super-pac-era).Google Scholar
Sheingate, Adam, Scatterday, Allysan, Martin, Bob, and Nachman, Keeve. 2017. “Post-Exceptionalism and Corporate Interests in US Agricultural Policy.” Journal of European Public Policy 24:1641–1657.Google Scholar
Simmel, Georg. 1955. “The Web of Group Affiliations.” Pp. 125–195 in Conflict & the Web of Group Affiliations. Cambridge: Free Press.Google Scholar
Simpson, William. 2001. “QAP: The Quadratic Assignment Procedure.” North American Stata Users’ Group Meeting March 12–13.Google Scholar
Singer, Joel David and Diehl, Paul Francis, eds. 1990. Measuring the Correlates of War. Cambridge: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Small, Melvin and Singer, J. David. 1976. “The War-Proneness of Democratic Regimes, 1816–1965.” Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 1(4):50–69.Google Scholar
Smith, David J. 2009. “Minority Territorial and Non-Territorial Autonomy in Europe: Theoretical Perspectives and Practical Challenges.” Pp. 15–23 in Autonomies in Europe: Solutions and Challenges, edited by Kantor, Zoltan. Cambridge: L’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Smith, David A. and White, Douglas R.. 1992. “Structure and Dynamics of the Global Economy: Network Analysis of International Trade 1965–1980.” Social Forces 70:857–893.Google Scholar
Smith, Jason M., Halgin, Daniel S., Kidwell-Lopez, Virginie, Labianca, Giuseppe, Brass, Daniel J. and Borgatti, Stephen P.. 2014. “Power in Politically Charged Networks.” Social Networks 36:162–176.Google Scholar
Snijders, Tom A. B. 1996. “Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models for Network Change.” Journal of Mathematical Sociology 21:149–172.Google Scholar
Snijders, Tom A. B. 2001. “The Statistical Evaluation of Social Network Dynamics.” Sociological Methodology 31:361–395.Google Scholar
Snijders, Tom A. B. 2005. “Models for Longitudinal Network Data.” Pp. 215–247 in Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis, edited by Carrington, Peter, Scott, John, and Wasserman, Stanley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Snijders, Tom A. B. 2011. “Network Dynamics.” Pp. 501–513 in The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by Scott, John and Carrington, Peter J.. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Snijders, Tom A. B. 2016. “The Multiple Flavours of Multilevel Issues for Networks.” Pp. 1–35 in Multilevel Network Analysis for the Social Sciences, edited by Lazega, Emmanuel and Snijders, Tom A. B.. Cambridge: Springer.Google Scholar
Snijders, Tom A. B. and Bosker, Roel J.. 2011. Multilevel Analysis. 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Snijders, Tom A. B., Lomi, Alessandro, and Torló, Vanina Jasmine. 2013. “A Model for the Multiplex Dynamics of Two-Mode and One-Mode Networks, with an Application to Employment Preference, Friendship, and Advice.” Social Networks 35:265–276.Google Scholar
Snijders, Tom A. B., Pattison, Philippa E., Robins, Garry L., and Handcock, Mark S.. 2006. “New Specifications for Exponential Random Graph Models.” Sociological Methodology 36:99–153.Google Scholar
Snijders, Tom A. B., Van de Bunt, Gerhard, and Steglich, Christian. 2010. “Introduction to Stochastic Actor-Based Models for Network Dynamics.” Social Networks 32:44–60.Google Scholar
Snyder, David and Kick, Edward L.. 1979. “Structural Position in the World System and Economic Growth 1955–1970: A Multiple-Network Analysis of Transnational Interactions.” American Journal of Sociology 84:1096–1126.Google Scholar
Sohn, Christophe, Christopoulos, Dimitris, and Koskinen, Johan. 2020. “Borders Moderating Distance: A Social Network Analysis of Spatial Effects on Policy Interaction.” Geographical Analysis 52:428–451.Google Scholar
Soule, Sarah and Earl, Jennifer. 2005. “A Movement Society Evaluated: Collective Protest in the United States, 1960–1986.” Mobilization 10:35–364.Google Scholar
Stadtfeld, Christoph, Mascia, D., Pallotti, F., A. L. S. Networks, and Gelcich, Stefan. 2016. “Assimilation and Differentiation: A Multilevel Perspective on Organizational and Network Change.” Social Networks 44:363–374.Google Scholar
Stadtfeld, Christoph, Hollway, James, and Block, Per. 2017a. “Dynamic Network Actor Models: Investigating Coordination Ties through Time.” Sociological Methodology 47:1–40.Google Scholar
Stadtfeld, Christoph, Hollway, James, and Block, Per. 2017b. “Rejoinder: DYNAMs and the Grounds for Actor-Oriented Network Event Models.” Sociological Methodology 47:56–67.Google Scholar
Staeheli, Lynn A. 2008. “Citizenship and the Problem of Community.” Political Geography 27:5–21.Google Scholar
Stanley-Becker, Isaac and Romm, Tony. 2020. “The Anti-Quarantine Protests Seem Spontaneous. But behind the Scenes, a Powerful Network Is Helping.” Washington Post, April 22. Retrieved July 10, 2020 (www.washingtonpost.com/politics/inside-the-conservative-networks-backing-anti-quarantine-protests/2020/04/22/da75c81e-83fe-11ea-a3eb-e9fc93160703_story.html).Google Scholar
Stark, David and Vedres, Balázs. 2006. “Social Times of Network Spaces: Network Sequences and Foreign Investment in Hungary.” American Journal of Sociology 111:1367–1411.Google Scholar
Statistica.com. 2016. “Fundraising and Spending in U.S. Presidential Elections from 1976 to 2016.” Retrieved August 7, 2020 (www.statista.com/statistics/216793/fundraising-and-spending-in-us-presidential-elections).Google Scholar
Steglich, Christian, Snijders, Tom A., and Pearson, Michael. 2010. “Dynamic Networks and Behavior: Separating Selection from Influence.” Sociological Methodology 40:329–393.Google Scholar
Steinert-Threlkeld, Zachary C. 2015. “Advances in Understanding Protest with Big Data.” Mobilizing Ideas. Retrieved August 3, 2020 (https://mobilizingideas.wordpress.com/2015/03/09/advances-in-understanding-protest-with-big-data).Google Scholar
Stokman, Frans N. and Van den Bos, Jan M.. 1992. “A Two-Stage Model of Policy Making with an Empirical Test in the U.S. Energy-Policy Domain.” Research in Politics and Society 4:219–253.Google Scholar
Stokman, Frans N. and Zeggelink, Evelien P. H.. 1996. “Is Politics Power or Policy Driven? A Comparative Analysis of Dynamic Access Models in Policy Networks.” Journal of Mathematical Sociology 21:77–111.Google Scholar
Stone, Diane. 2015. “The Group of 20 Transnational Policy Community: Governance Networks, Policy Analysis and Think Tanks.” International Review of Administrative Sciences 81:793–811.Google Scholar
Stone, Lewi. 2016. “The Google Matrix Controls the Stability of Structured Ecological and Biological Networks.” Nature Communications
7
:1–7.Google Scholar
Stratmann, Thomas. 1991. “What Do Campaign Contributions Buy? Deciphering Causal Effects of Money and Votes.” Southern Economic Journal 57:606–620.Google Scholar
Stratmann, Thomas. 2005. “Some Talk: Money in Politics. A (Partial) Review of the Literature.” Public Choice 124:135–156.Google Scholar
Swift, Clint S. and VanderMolen, Kathryn A.. 2016. “Term Limits and Collaboration Across the Aisle: An Analysis of Bipartisan Co-sponsorship in Term Limited and Non-Term Limited State Legislatures.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly 16:198–226.Google Scholar
Symeonidis, Panagiotis, Nanopoulos, Alexandros, and Manolopoulos, Yannis. 2010. “A Unified Framework for Providing Recommendations in Social Tagging Systems Based on Ternary Semantic Analysis.” IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 22:179–192.Google Scholar
Tang, Lei, Liu, Huan, Zhang, Jianping, and Nazeri, Zoreh. 2010. “Community Evolution in Dynamic Multi-Mode Networks.” Pp. 677–685 in Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Retrieved August 17, 2020 (https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1401890.1401972).Google Scholar
Tang, Lei, Liu, Huan, and Zhang, Jianping. 2012. “Identifying Evolving Groups in Dynamic Multimode Networks.” IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 24:72–85.Google Scholar
Tarrow, Sidney. 2013. The Language of Contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Verta and Whittier, Nancy. 1992. “Collective Identity in Social Movement Communities: Lesbian Feminist Mobilization.” Pp. 104–129 in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by Morris, Aldon and Mueller, Carol McClurg. Cambridge: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Thomson, Robert, and Hosli, Madeleine. 2006. “Who Has Power in the EU? The Commission, Council and Parliament in Legislative Decision‐Making.” Journal of Common Market Studies 44: 391–417.Google Scholar
Tiebout, Charles M. 1956. “A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures.” Journal of Political Economy 64:416–424.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles, and Wood, Lesley. 2003. “Contentious Connections in Great Britain, 1828–1834.” Pp. 147–172 in Social Movements and Networks, edited by Diani, Mario and McAdam, Doug. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tindall, David. 2015. “Networks as Constraints and Opportunities.” Pp. 231–245 in Oxford Handbook of Social Movements, edited by Porta, Donatella Della and Diani, Mario. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Toke, Dave. 1999. “Epistemic Communities and Environmental Groups.” Politics 19:97–102.Google Scholar
Toke, Dave and Marsh, David. 2003. “Policy Networks and the GM Crops Issue: Assessing the Utility of a Dialectical Model of Policy Networks.” Public Administration 8:229–251.Google Scholar
Torfason, Magnus Thor and Ingram, Paul. 2010. “The Global Rise of Democracy: A Network Account.” American Sociological Review 75:355–377.Google Scholar
Tranmer, Mark and Lazega, Emmanuel. 2016. “Multilevel Models for Multilevel Network Dependencies.” Pp. 107–124 in Multilevel Network Analysis for the Social Sciences, edited by Lazega, Emmanuel and Snijders, Tom A. B.. Cambridge: Springer.Google Scholar
Tremayne, Mark. 2014. “Anatomy of Protest in the Digital Era: A Network Analysis of Twitter and Occupy Wall Street.” Social Movement Studies 13:110–126.Google Scholar
United Nations. 2016. “GDP and Its Breakdown at Constant 2005 Prices in US Dollars.” National Accounts Main Aggregates Database. Retrieved June 28, 2016 (http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp).Google Scholar
Van de Steeg, Marianne, Bee, Cristiano, and Bozzini, Emanuela. 2010. “Theoretical Reflections on the Public Sphere in the European Union: A Network of Communication or a Political Community?” Pp. 31–45 in Mapping the European Public Sphere: Institutions, Media and Civil Society, edited by Bee, Cristiano and Bozzini, Emanuela. Cambridge: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Van Deth, Jan W. and Kreuter, Frauke. 1998. “Membership of Voluntary Associations.” Pp. 135–155 in Comparative Politics. The Problem of Equivalence, edited by Van Deth, Jan W.. Cambridge: Routledge.Google Scholar
Van Laer, Jeroen and Van Aelst, Peter. 2010. “Internet and Social Movement Action Repertoires.” Information, Communication & Society 13:1146–1171.Google Scholar
Van Rossem, Ronan. 1996. “The World-System Paradigm as General Theory of Development: A Cross-National Test.” American Sociological Review 61:508–527.Google Scholar
Vernet, Antoine, Kilduff, Martin, and Salter, Ammon. 2014. “The Two-Pipe Problem: Analysing and Theorizing about 2-Mode Networks.” Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks 40:337–354.Google Scholar
Wada, Takeshi. 2004. “Event Analysis of Claims Making in Mexico: How Are Social Protests Transformed into Political Protests?” Mobilization 9:41–57.Google Scholar
Wada, Takeshi. 2014. “Who Are the Active and Central Actors in the ‘Rising Civil Society’ in Mexico?” Social Movement Studies 13:127–157.Google Scholar
Walgrave, Stefaan and Rucht, Dieter, eds. 2010. The World Says No to War: Demonstrations Against the War in Iraq. Cambridge: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1974a. “The Rise and Future Demise of the World Capitalist System: Concepts for Comparative Analysis.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 16:387–415.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1974b. The Modern World-System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. Cambridge: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Walsh, Fergal and Pozdnoukhov, Alexei. 2011. “Spatial Structure and Dynamics of Urban Communities.” First Workshop on Pervasive Urban Applications (PURBA) at Ninth International Conference on Pervasive Computing. Cambridge: June 12–15. Retrieved July 27, 2020 (http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/3927/1/AP_dynamic_communities.pdf).Google Scholar
Walther, Olivier J. and Christopoulos, Dimitris. 2015. “Islamic Terrorism and the Malian Rebellion.” Terrorism and Political Violence 27:497–519.Google Scholar
Wang, Peng, Robins, Garry L., Pattison, Philippa E., and Lazega, Emmanuel. 2013. “Exponential Random Graph Models for Multilevel Networks.” Social Networks 35:96–115.Google Scholar
Wang, Peng, Robins, Garry L., Pattison, Philippa E., and Lazega, Emmanuel. 2016. “Social Selection Models for Multilevel Networks.” Social Networks 44:346–362.Google Scholar
Wang, Peng, Sharpe, Ken, Robins, Garry L., and Pattison, Philippa E.. 2009. “Exponential Random Graph (p∗) Models for Affiliation Networks.” Social Networks 31:12–25.Google Scholar
Wasserman, Stanley and Faust, Katherine. 1994. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wasserman, Stanley and Iacobucci, Dawn. 1991. “Statistical Modelling of One Mode and Two Mode Networks: Simultaneous Analysis of Graphs and Bipartite Graphs.” British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 44:13–43.Google Scholar
Wawro, Gregory. 2001. “A Panel Probit Analysis of Campaign Contributions and Roll-Call Votes.” American Journal of Political Science 45:563–579.Google Scholar
Wayman, Frank W., Singer, J. David, and Goetz., Gary 1983. “Capabilities, Allocations, and Success in Militarized Disputes and Wars, 1816–1976.” International Studies Quarterly 27:497–515.Google Scholar
Waymer, Damion and Heath, Robert L.. 2016. “Black Voter Dilution, American Exceptionalism, and Racial Gerrymandering: The Paradox of the Positive in Political PuWayblic Relations.” Journal of Black Studies 47:635–658.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1968[1921]. On Charisma and Institution Building. Cambridge: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wessels, Bernhard. 1997. “Organizing Capacity of Societies and Modernity.” Pp. 198–219 in Private Groups and Public Life: Social Participation and Political Involvement in Representative Democracies, edited by van Deth, Jan W.. Cambridge: Routledge.Google Scholar
White, Douglas R. and Reitz, Karl P.. 1985. “Measuring Role Distance: Structural, Regular and Relational Equivalence.” Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Irvine.Google Scholar
White, Harrison C., Boorman, Scott A., and Breiger, Ronald L.. 1976. “Social Structure from Multiple Networks. I. Blockmodels of Roles and Positions.” American Journal of Sociology 81:730–780.Google Scholar
White, Harrison C. and Breiger, Ronald L.. 1975. “Pattern Across Networks.” Society 12:68–74.Google Scholar
White, Harrison C., and White, Cynthia A.. 1993. Canvases and Careers: Institutional Change in the French Painting World. Cambridge: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
White, Howard D. 2011. “Scientific and Scholarly Networks.” Pp. 271–285 in The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by Carrington, Peter and Scott, John. Cambridge: Sage.Google Scholar
Wilson, Audrey. 2020. “The Countries that Are Succeeding at Flattening the Curve.” Foreign Policy April 2. Retrieved July 10, 2020 (https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/02/countries-succeeding-flattening-curve-coronavirus-testing-quarantine).Google Scholar
Wilson, Thomas P. 1982. “Relational Networks: An Extension of Sociometric Concepts.” Social Networks 4:105–116.Google Scholar
Wirth, Louis. 1938. “Urbanism as a Way of Life: The City and Contemporary Civilization.” American Journal of Sociology 44:1–24.Google Scholar
Witko, Christopher. 2011. “Campaign Contributions, Access, and Government Contracting.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 21:761–778.Google Scholar
Woldoff, Rachael A. 2002. “The Effects of Local Stressors on Neighborhood Attachment.” Social Forces 81:87–116.Google Scholar
Yang, Jaewon and Leskovec, Jure. 2014. “Overlapping Communities Explain Core-Periphery Organization of Networks.” Proceedings of the IEEE 102:1892–1902.Google Scholar
Yang, Jaewon, McAuley, Julian, and Leskovec, Jure. 2014. “Detecting Cohesive and 2-Mode Communities in Directed and Undirected Networks.” Pp. 323–332 in Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining.Google Scholar
Zachary, Wayne W. 1977. “An Information Flow Model for Conflict and Fission in Small Groups.” Journal of Anthropological Research 33:452–473.Google Scholar
Zech, Steven T. and Gabbay, Michael. 2016. “Social Network Analysis in the Study of Terrorism and Insurgency: From Organization to Politics.” International Studies Review 18:214–243.Google Scholar
Zelli, Fariborz and van Asselt, Harro. 2013. “Introduction: The Institutional Fragmentation of Global Environmental Governance: Causes, Consequences, and Responses.” Global Environmental Politics 13:1–13.Google Scholar
Zeng, An and Battiston, Stefano. 2016 “The Multiplex Network of EU Lobby Organizations.” PLoS ONE 11:e0158062.Google Scholar
Zhang, Yan, Friend, A. J., Traud, Amanda L., Porter, Mason A., Fowler, James H., and Mucha, Peter J.. 2008. “Community Structure in Congressional Cosponsorship Networks.”Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications 387:1705–1712.Google Scholar
Zhou, Min. 2011. “Intensification of Geo-Cultural Homophily in Global Trade: Evidence from the Gravity Model.” Social Science Research 40:193–209.Google Scholar
Ziberna, Ales. 2014. “Blockmodeling of Multilevel Networks.” Social Networks 39:46–61.Google Scholar
Ziberna, Ales and Lazega, Emmanuel. 2016. “Role Sets and Division of Work at Two Levels of Collective Agency.” Pp. 173–209 in Multilevel Network Analysis for the Social Sciences, edited by Lazega, Emmanuel and Snijders, Tom A. B.. Cambridge: Springer.Google Scholar
Zietsma, Charlene, Groenewegen, Peter, Logue, Danielle M., and Hinings, C. R. (Bob). 2017. “Field of Fields? Building the Scaffolding for Cumulation of Research on Institutional Fields.” Academy of Management Annals 11:391–450.Google Scholar
Zuckerman, Alan S. 2005. The Social Logics of Politics. Cambridge: Temple University Press.Google Scholar