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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 December 2024
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) has been increasingly utilized in anesthesia services for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures for various non-surgical and surgical procedures in the last several decades [1]. It is also steadily increasing in demand by many different medical specialties: cardiology for cardioversion, defibrillation, transesophageal echocardiography, pacemaker/defibrillator implantation or removal, cardiac catheterization, and other cardiac monitoring devices; gastroenterology for endoscopic examinations, potential biopsies, and other therapeutic interventions; urology for cystoscopy, etc. [1, 2]. MAC has also been gradually applied for more complex procedures in patients receiving endovascular aortic stent placements, transcatheter aortic valve replacements, and even sophisticated procedures like Mitroclip. The aims of MAC for procedures are to enhance patient comfort and cooperation, maintain airway patency and hemodynamic stability, thus facilitating efficient and safe completion of the scheduled procedures.
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