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Chapter 11 - Management of complications of moderate and deep sedation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2012

By
Henry Liu ,
Charles Fox ,
Philip Kalarickal ,
Theodore Strickland  and
Alan D. Kaye
Edited by
Richard D. Urman  and
Alan D. Kaye
Richard D. Urman
Affiliation:
Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School
Alan D. Kaye
Affiliation:
LSU School of Medicine, New Orleans
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Summary

Sedation is described as a continuum, and it is often categorized according to the patient's level of consciousness as minimal, moderate, and deep sedation. Intravenous sedation can potentially cause numerous complications. The clinicians should therefore have a thorough knowledge of these possible complications and understand their management strategies. There are several scoring systems used to document the patient's mental status and depth of sedation, such as the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) and the Inova Health System Sedation Scale (ISS). Prevention of complications starts with a thorough pre-procedural patient assessment. This chapter discusses, among other things, some of the patient-related risk factors and procedure-related risk factors. Among all the complications induced by intravenous sedation, respiratory complications are the most common. Moderate and deep sedation may have varying degrees of depressive effects on cardiovascular function, depending on the patient's physiological status and the dosage of sedatives administered.

Keywords

oxygenationrespiratory monitoringintravenous fluidsintravenous therapymonitoring equipmenttemperature monitoringhemodynamic monitoringbrain function monitoringcarbon dioxide measurement
Type
Chapter
Information
Moderate and Deep Sedation in Clinical Practice , pp. 135 - 149
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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