Post-adjudicatory assessment of youth

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511543913.021

20 - Post-adjudicatory assessment of youth

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 August 2009

Louis J. Kraus and

Hollie Sobel

Edited by

Carol L. Kessler and

Louis James Kraus

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Louis J. Kraus: Affiliation:
Womans Board Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Chief Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center Marshal Field IV Building 1720 West Polk Street Chicago, IL 60612 USA
Hollie Sobel: Affiliation:
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center 1720 West Polk Street Chicago, IL 60612 USA
Carol L. Kessler: Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York
Louis James Kraus: Affiliation:
Rush University, Chicago

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Summary

Introduction

The first juvenile court in the United States was established in Chicago in 1899. With the realization that children had specific developmental needs different from adults, and in association with a rehabilitative as opposed to punitive focus, juvenile courts developed a parens patriae model. As time progressed, it became evident that such a model needed to be balanced with police power, that is, protecting the constituents of one's state. During this process there were a variety of developments within the juvenile court system. Many of these are not in the best interests of the child; do not take into account developmental and mental health needs; and do not use mental health services in assessing these issues. Examples of these issues include court-by-court variation in determining juvenile competency to stand trial or understand Miranda rights, transfer of youth to adult systems, and mandatory waiver to adult court. With regard to the latter, Grisso (1997) reports on evidence that youths' immaturity creates a substantial risk that they cannot approach their trials in adult court with the requisite understanding and decision-making capacities to assure a fair legal process.

At the present time, there is concern over a shift from juvenile court having a more rehabilitative model to the criminalization of juvenile court (Quinn, 2002). Intensified youth violence and a decrease in public support for youth offenders have contributed to a more punitive concept, certainly from a public perspective. However, jurisdictions are variable, with some juvenile courts continuing to focus heavily on rehabilitation.

Keywords

community facilities court referral post-adjudicatory evaluation residential facilities youth

Type: Chapter
Information: The Mental Health Needs of Young Offenders
Forging Paths toward Reintegration and Rehabilitation
, pp. 423 - 436

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511543913.021 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2007

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20 - Post-adjudicatory assessment of youth

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