Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T00:44:33.317Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 10 - Common Themes and General Considerations across Mass Gathering Event Types

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 April 2024

By
Erica Simon ,
Jonathan D. Trager  and
Bryan Wilson
Edited by
William J. Brady ,
Mark R. Sochor ,
Paul E. Pepe ,
John C. Maino II  and
K. Sophia Dyer
William J. Brady
Affiliation:
University of Virginia
Mark R. Sochor
Affiliation:
University of Virginia
Paul E. Pepe
Affiliation:
Metropolitan EMS Medical Directors Global Alliance, Florida
John C. Maino II
Affiliation:
Michigan International Speedway, Brooklyn
K. Sophia Dyer
Affiliation:
Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Massachusetts
Get access

Summary

A mass gathering is often a preplanned event, like a concert or sporting event, held at a specific location for a defined duration that strains planning and response resources. However, a mass gathering can also be spontaneous, such as the gathering of mourners associated with the death of a celebrity or a protest. Over the last few years, we have seen an increase in the number of protests, some events that are pre-planned and organized but others that are not and that can quickly become out-of-control and end in tragedy. The bottom line is that despite the many years of dealing with and researching mass gatherings, there remains a lack of in depth understanding of the mass gathering and, despite often being attended by reasonably healthy or well people, the gatherings seem to be more hazardous than expected

Keywords

Bounded EventClimateCommon ThemesCrowd DemographicsEvent CharacteristicsFire SafetyGroup PsychologyLocationLogisticsPublic HealthRegulatory IssuesSecurity and SafetyUnbounded Event
Type
Chapter
Information
Mass Gathering Medicine
A Guide to the Medical Management of Large Events
 , pp. 120 - 143
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aggrawal, V., Dikid, T., Jain, S. K., et al. Disease Surveillance during a Large Religious Mass Gathering in India: The Prayagraj Kumbh 2019 Experience. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020;101:167–173. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1424CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alaska, Y. A., Aldawas, A. D., Aljerian, N. A., Memish, Z. A., Suner, S. The Impact of Crowd Control Measures on the Occurrence of Stampedes During Mass Gatherings: The Hajj Experience. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2017;15:67–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alkassas, W., Rajab, A. M., Alrashood, S. T., et al. Heat-Related Illnesses in a Mass Gathering Event and the Necessity for Newer Diagnostic Criteria: A Field Study. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021;28:16682–16689.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alquthami, A. H., Pines, J. M. A Systematic Review of Noncommunicable Health Issues in Mass Gatherings. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2014;29(2):167–175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arbon, P., Bridgewater, F. H., Smith, C. Mass Gathering Medicine: A Predictive Model for Patient Presentation and Transport Rates. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2001;16(3):150–158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arbon, P. Mass-Gathering Medicine: A Review of the Evidence and Future Directions for Research. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2007;22(2):131–135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Auerbach, P. S., Cushing, T. A., Harris, N. S. Auerbach’s Wilderness Medicine E-Book. Oxford: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2016.Google Scholar
Baird, M. B., O’Connor, R. E., Williamson, A. L., et al. The Impact of Warm Weather on Mass Event Medical Need: A Review of the Literature. American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2010;28:224–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benoit, S. L., Mauldin, R. F. The “Anti-Vax” Movement: A Quantitative Report on Vaccine Beliefs and Knowledge Across Social Media. BMC Public Health. 2021;21; 2106. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12114-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berlonghi, A. Understanding and Planning for Different Spectator Crowds. Safety Science. 1995:18:239–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouchama, A., Knochel, J. P. Heat Stroke. New England Journal of Medicine. 2002;346(25):1978–1988.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cahill, J. Special Events: Detail-Oriented Details. Domestic Preparedness Journal. 2010;6(1):10–11.Google Scholar
Campbell, K. The Dangers of Not Protecting The “3Ps”. During Events. Domestic Preparedness Journal. 2021;17(11):6–11.Google Scholar
Delir, Haghighi, P., Burstein, F., Zaslavsky, A., Arbon, P., Krishnaswamy, S. The Role of Domain Ontology for Medical Emergency Management in Mass Gatherings. Bridging the Socio-technical Gap in Decision Support Systems: Challenges for the Next Decade. 2010;212:520–531.Google Scholar
DeLorenzo, R. A. Mass Gathering Medicine: A Review. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 1997;12(1):68–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeLorenzo, R. A., Gray, B. C., Bennett, P. C., Lamparella, V. J., Effect of Crowd Size on Patient Volume at a Large, Multipurpose, Indoor Stadium. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 1989;7(4):379–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeMott, J. M., Hebert, C. L., Novak, M., Mahmood, S., Peksa, G. D. Characteristics and Resource Utilization of Patients Presenting to the ED from Mass Gathering Events. American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2018;36(6):983–987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dimala, C. A., Kadia, B. M., Nji, M. A. M., et al. Factors Associated with Measles Resurgence in the United States in the Post-Elimination Era. Scientific Reports. 2021;11:51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dress, J. M., Horton, E. H., Florida, R. Music, Mud & Medicine. Woodstock 94: A Maniacal, Musical Mass-Casualty Incident. Emergency Medical Services. 1995;24(1):21–32.Google ScholarPubMed
Erickson, T. B., Koenigsberg, M., Bunney, E. B. Prehospital Severity Scoring at Major Rock Concert Events. Prehospital and Disast Medicine. 1996;12(3):195–199.Google Scholar
Federman, J. H., Giordano, L. M. How to Cope with a Visit from the Pope. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 1997;12(2):15–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
FitzGibbon, K. M., Nable, J. V., Ayd, B., et al. Mass-Gathering Medical Care in Electronic Dance Music Festivals. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2017;32(5):563–567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedman, M. S., Plocki, A., Likourezos, A., et al. A Prospective Analysis of Patients Presenting for Medical Attention at a Large Electronic Dance Music Festival. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2017;32(1):78–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallagher, S., Meaney, S., Muldoon, O. T. Social Identity Influences Stress Appraisals and Cardiovascular Reactions to Acute Stress Exposure. British Journal of Health Psychology. 2014;19:566–579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gauer, R., Meyers, B. K. Heat-Related Illnesses. American Family Physician. 2019;99(8):482–489.Google ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, S. A., Maggin, J., Molloy, M. S., et al. The Gillette Stadium Experience: A Retrospective Review of Mass Gathering Events from 2010 to 2015. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12(6):752–758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grange, J. T., Green, S. M., Downs, W. Concert Medicine: Spectrum of Medical Problems Encountered at 405 Major Concerts. Academic Emergency Medicine. 1999;6(2):202–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grange, J. T. Planning for Large Events. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2002;1:156–161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haslam, S. A., O’Brien, A., Jetten, J., Vormedal, K., Penna, S. Taking the Strain: Social Identity, Social Support, and the Experience of Stress. British Journal of Social Psychology. 2005;44:355–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Havenith, G., Fiala, D. Thermal Indices and Thermophysiological Modeling for Heat Stress. Comprehensive Physiology. 2016; 6:255–302.Google Scholar
Hewitt, S., Jarrett, L., Winter, B. Emergency Medicine at a Large Rock Festival. Journal of Accident and Emergency Medicine. 1996;13:26–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hnatow, D. A., Gordon, D. J. Medical Planning for Mass Gatherings: A Retrospective Review of the San Antonio Papal Mass. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 1991;6(4):443–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgetts, T. J., Cooke, M. W. The Largest Mass Gathering: Medical Cover for Millennium Celebrations Needs Careful Planning. BMJ. 1999;318(7189):957–958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holle, R. L., López, R. E., Zimmermann, C. Updated Recommendations for Lightning Safety: 1998. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 1999;80:2035–2042.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, N. P., Reicher, S. D., Khan, S. S., Tewari, S., Srinivasan, N., Stevenson, C. Explaining Effervescence: Investigating the Relationship Between Shared Social Identity and Positive Experience in Crowds. Cognition and Emotion. 2016;30:20–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopkins, N., Reicher, S. Adding a Psychological Dimension to Mass Gatherings Medicine. International Journal of Infectious Diseases: IJID: Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. 2016;47:112–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, N., Reicher, S. D. The Psychology of Health and Well-Being in Mass Gatherings: A Review and a Research Agenda. International Journal of Epidemiology of Public Health. 2016; 6(2):49–57.Google ScholarPubMed
Hutton, A., Zeitz, K., Brown, S., Arbon, P. Assessing the Psychosocial Elements of Crowds at Mass Gatherings. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2011;26(6):414–421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hutton, A., Ranse, J., Gray, K. L., Turris, S. A., Lund, A., Munn, M. B. Environmental Influences on Patient Presentations: Considerations for Research and Evaluation at Mass-Gathering Events. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2019;34(5):552–556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaslow, D., Yancey, A., Milsten, A. Mass Gathering Medical Care. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2000;4:359–360.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jung, H., Chung, K. Ontology-Driven Slope Modeling for Disaster Management Service. Cluster Computing. 2015;18:677–692.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kakamu, T., Wada, K., Smith, D. R., Endo, S., Fukushima, T. Preventing Heat Illness in the Anticipated Hot Climate of the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 2017;22(1):68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khan, A. A., Sabbagh, A. Y., Ranse, J., Molloy, M. S., Ciottone, G. R. Mass Gathering Medicine in Soccer Leagues: A Review and Creation of the SALEM Tool. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(19):9973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koski, A., Kouvonen, A., Sumanen, H. Preparedness for Mass Gatherings: Factors to Consider According to the Rescue Authorities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(4):1361. doi:10.3390/ijerph17041361CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koski, A., Kouvonen, A., Nordquist, H. Preparedness for Mass Gatherings: Planning Elements Identified Through the Delphi Process. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2021;61:102368. doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102368CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leonard, R. B. Medical Support for Mass Gatherings. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 1996;14:383–397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levens, L. K., Durham, J. E. Pop-Music Festivals: Some Medical Aspects. BMJ. 1971;1:218–220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levine, M., Prosser, A., Evans, D., Reicher, S. Identity and Emergency Intervention: How Social Group Membership and Inclusiveness of Group Boundaries Shape Helping Behaviour. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2005;31:443–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locoh-Donou, S., Yan, G., Berry, T., et al. Mass Gathering Medicine: Event Factors Predicting Patient Presentation Rates. Internal and Emergency Medicine. 2016;11:745–752.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lund, A., Turris, S. A., Bowles, R., et al. Mass-gathering Health Research Foundational Theory: Part 1 – Population Models for Mass Gatherings. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2014;29(6):648–654.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lund, A., Turris, S. A. Mass-gathering Medicine: Risks and Patient Presentations at a 2-Day Electronic Dance Music Event. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2015;30(3):1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maclean, K. Pilgrimage and Power: the Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, 1765–1954. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margolis, A. M., Leung, A. K., Friedman, M. S., McMullen, S. P., Guyette, F. X., Woltman, N. Position Statement: Mass Gathering Medical Care. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2021;25(4):593–595.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Memish, Z. A., Stephens, G. M., Steffen, R., Ahmed, Q. A. Emergence of Medicine for Mass Gatherings: Lessons from the Hajj. Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2012;12(1):56–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milsten, A. M., Maguire, B. J., Bissell, R. A., Seaman, K. G. Mass-Gathering Medical Care: A Review of the Literature. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2002;17(3):151–162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milsten, A. M., Seaman, K. G., Liu, P., Bissell, R. A., Maguire, B. J. Variables Influencing Medical Usage Rates, Injury Patterns, and Levels of Care for Mass Gatherings. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2003;18(4):334–346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nyachuba, D. G. Foodborne Illness: Is It on the Rise? Nutrition Reviews. 2010;68(5): 257–269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paul, H. M. Mass Casualty: Pope’s Denver Visit Causes Mega MCI. JEMS. 1993; 18(11):64–75.Google ScholarPubMed
Perron, A. D., Brady, W. J., Custalow, C. B., Johnson, D. M. Association of Heat Index and Patient Volume at a Mass Gathering Event. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2005;9(1):49–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prince, M. A., O’Donnell, M. B., Stanley, L. R., Swaim, R. C. Examination of Recreational and Spiritual Peyote Use Among American Indian Youth. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 2019;80(3):366–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rahman, J., Thu, M., Arshad, N., Van der Putten, M. Mass Gatherings and Public Health: Case Studies from the Hajj to Mecca. Annals of Global Health. 2017;83(2):386–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, R., Williamson, K., Sochor, M., Brady, W. J. Large-Event Medicine: Event Characteristics Impacting Medical Need. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2011;29(9):1217–1221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarofim, M.C., Saha, S., Hawkins, M. D., et al. Temperature-Related Death and Illness. In: The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. US Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC; 2016.Google Scholar
Schulte, D., Meade, D. M. The Papal Chase: The Pope’s Visit: A “Mass” Gathering. Emergency Medical Services. 1993;22(11):46–479.Google ScholarPubMed
Soomaroo, L, Murray, V. Weather and Environmental Hazards at Mass Gatherings. PLoS Currents. 2012;4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soomaroo, L., Murray, V. Disasters at Mass Gatherings: Lessons from History. PLoS Currents. 2012;4:RRN1301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sridhar, S., Gautret, P., Brouqui, P. A Comprehensive Review of the Kumbh Mela: Identifying Risks for Spread of Infectious Diseases. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2015;21:128–133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savulescu, J. Good Reasons to Vaccinate: Mandatory or Payment for Risk? Journal of Medical Ethics. 2021;47(2):78–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teague, P. E., Farr, R. R. Supplement 1, Case Histories: Fires Influencing the Life Safety Code. In: NFPA 101 ® Life Safety Code®, 2009).Google Scholar
Turris, S. A., Lund, A., Hutton, A., et al. Mass-gathering Health Research Foundational Theory: Part 2 – Event Modeling for Mass Gatherings. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2014;29(6):655–663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wakefield, J. R., Hopkins, N., Cockburn, C., Shek, K. M., Muirhead, A., Reicher, S., van Rijswijk, W. The Impact of Adopting Ethnic or Civic Conceptions of National Belonging for Others’ Treatment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2011;37:1599–1610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zeitz, K. M., Zeitz, C. J., Arbon, P. Forecasting Medical Work at Mass-Gathering Events: Predictive Model Versus Retrospective Review. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2005;20(3):164–168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zeitz, K., Bolton, S., Dippy, R., Dowling, Y., Francis, L., Thorne, J., Butler, T., Zeitz, C. Measuring Emergency Services Workloads at Mass Gathering Events. Australian Journal of Emergency Management. 2007;22(4):24–30.Google Scholar
Zeitz, K. M., Tan, H. M., Grief, M., Couns, P. C., Zeitz, C. J. Crowd Behavior at Mass Gatherings: A Literature Review. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2009;24(1):32–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Memish, Z. A., Steffen, R., White, P., et al. Mass Gatherings Medicine: Public Health Issues Arising from Mass Gathering Religious and Sporting Events. Lancet. 2019;393(10185):2073–2084.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zielinski, A., Pawlak, B. J. Toolbox for Implementation of Surveillance at Mass Gatherings: Surveillance During Mass Gatherings. 2013. www.rki.de/EN/Content/Prevention/React/Work/wp4/WP_4_ToolBox.pdf?__blob5publicationFile. Accessed January 10, 2022.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, C., Cooper, M. A., Holle, R. L. Lightning Safety Guidelines. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2002;39(6):660-A1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
The Kumbh Mela Public Health (KMPH) team. Public health at the Kumbh Mela. Harvard School of Public Health. http://fxbkumbh.wordpress.-com/. Accessed January 20, 2022.Google Scholar
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Special Events Contingency Planning Job Aids Manual. March 2005 (Updated May 2010).Google Scholar
www.youredm.com/2014/03/29/ultra-music-festival-fan-stampede-tramples-security/. Accessed January 15, 2022.Google Scholar
www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/ultra-festival-guard-in-extremely-critical-condition-after-gate-crash-246582/. Accessed January 15, 2022.Google Scholar
www.stopthebleed.org/. Accessed January 20, 2022.Google Scholar
www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html. Accessed January 18, 2022.Google Scholar
www.whsv.com/content/news/WVa-officials-plan-for-measles-at-World-Scout-Jamboree-510037791.html. Accessed January 18, 2022.Google Scholar
https://emilms.fema.gov/is_0015b/curriculum/1.html. Accessed January 27, 2022.Google Scholar
www.weather.gov/ama/heatindex. Accessed January 27, 2022.Google Scholar
www.weather.gov/images/safety/heatindexchart-650.jpg. Accessed January 27, 2022.Google Scholar
https://weather.com/storms/tornado/news/2021-04-05-tornado-warning-nws-accuracy. Accessed on January 27, 2022.Google Scholar
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/17-injured-in-lightning-strike-at-ontario-food-festival-1.1129795. Accessed on January 27, 2022.Google Scholar
www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-03-13-mn-1821-story.html. Accessed on January 27, 2022.Google Scholar
www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-indiana-fair-accident/errors-cited-in-deadly-indiana-stage-collapse-idUKBRE83B1NQ20120412. Accessed on January 27, 2022.Google Scholar
www.ems1.com/astroworld-festival/articles/astroworld-staff-treated-11-cardiac-arrest-patients-at-once-paradocs-ceo-said-AMMyjJefTmxEvj1X. Accessed January 27, 2022.Google Scholar
www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/06/world/middleeast/2015-hajj-stampede.html. Accessed January 27, 2022.Google Scholar
www.miaminewtimes.com/news/ultra-music-festival-pays-400-000-to-man-beaten-by-off-duty-miami-cops-in-2011-6545190. Accessed January 27, 2022.Google Scholar
www.cbsnews.com/news/the-station-nightclub-fire-rhode-island-what-happened-and-whos-to-blame/. Accessed January 20, 2022.Google Scholar
www.mikesmithenterprisesblog.com/2011/08/horror-in-indianapolis.html. Accessed January 27, 2022.Google Scholar
www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2017/12/18/571640549/stage-collapse-at-dance-music-festival-in-brazil-causes-death-of-dj. Accessed January 18, 2022.Google Scholar
Astroworld 2021 Event Operations Plan (EOP). https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/21100364/cnn-astroworld-operations-plan-redacted.pdf. Accessed January 27, 2022.Google Scholar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Croma%C3%B1%C3%B3n_nightclub_fire#cite_note-:0-3. Accessed January 18, 2022.Google Scholar
www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/21/argentinian-band-the-callejeros-convicted-nightclub-fire. Accessed January 18, 2022.Google Scholar
https://manchesterarenainquiry.org.uk/report-volume-one. Accessed January 15, 2022.Google Scholar
www.buildingcontrol-ni.com/assets/pdf/Kiss_Nighclub_Presentation_Fire_Safety_Panel_2014.pdf. Accessed January 27, 2022.Google Scholar
www.governor.pa.gov/newsroom/wolf-administration-announces-targeted-mitigation-efforts-in-response-to-recent-covid-case-increases. Accessed January 16, 2022.Google Scholar
https://coronavirus.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/coronavirus/page_content/attachments/2021-148%20Vaccination%20Requirement%20for%20Entrance%20into%20Certain%20Indoor%20Establishments%20and%20Facilities.pdf. Accessed on January 15, 2022.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×