Mammal Community Dynamics Management and Conservation in the Coniferous Forests of Western North America
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Management and conservation issues for various taxa
- Part II Community and ecosystem relations
- Part III Conservation issues and strategies
- 16 Small mammals in a landscape mosaic: implications for conservation
- 17 Measuring and interpreting connectivity for mammals in coniferous forests
- 18 An evolutionary and behavioral perspective on dispersal and colonization of mammals in fragmented landscapes
- 19 The functional diversity of mammals in coniferous forests of western North America
- 20 Synopsis and future perspective
- Index
- References
16 - Small mammals in a landscape mosaic: implications for conservation
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 December 2009
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Management and conservation issues for various taxa
- Part II Community and ecosystem relations
- Part III Conservation issues and strategies
- 16 Small mammals in a landscape mosaic: implications for conservation
- 17 Measuring and interpreting connectivity for mammals in coniferous forests
- 18 An evolutionary and behavioral perspective on dispersal and colonization of mammals in fragmented landscapes
- 19 The functional diversity of mammals in coniferous forests of western North America
- 20 Synopsis and future perspective
- Index
- References
Summary
Introduction
Johnson (1980) provided a conceptual framework to describe habitat selection that identified four scales of selection: geographic range, home range, resource patches within home ranges, and specific resources necessary for survival (Fig. 16.1). The spatial scales over which these patterns of selection occur vary widely among species of mammals found in northwest coniferous forests. Harris (1984) estimated home range sizes for mammals in the Pacific Northwest and indicated they have a home range size distribution described by a negative exponential function (Fig. 16.2). Natural disturbance regimes common in Pacific Northwest coniferous forests (Spies and Turner 1999; Fig. 16.3) result in a distribution of patch sizes remarkably similar to this home range size distribution with frequent disturbances (sun flecks, small gaps, herbivores, and pathogens) creating small patches, and infrequent disturbances (fire, wind) creating larger patches. Indeed, inherent scales of disturbance in northwest coniferous forests under natural conditions likely represent the range of conditions and landscape mosaics that match evolved life histories of mammal species throughout the region. However, the effects of alterations in the spatial and temporal variability, pattern, and composition of the landscape caused by recent human disturbances, particularly timber harvest, raise questions regarding the continued persistence of diverse mammalian communities in managed forests (Lawlor 2003).
Landscapes are defined as the heterogeneous land area composed of an interacting mosaic of patches, at any scale, relevant to the phenomenon (e.g., species) under consideration (McGarigal and Marks 1995, McGarigal and McComb 1995).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Mammal Community DynamicsManagement and Conservation in the Coniferous Forests of Western North America, pp. 567 - 586Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2003
References
Bettinger, P., K. Boston, J. Sessions, and W. C. McComb. 2001. Integrating wildlife species habitat goals and quantitative land management planning processes. Chapter 23 in D. H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neill, managing editors. Wildlife-Habitat Relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
Bissonette, J. A. and S. Broekhuizen. 1995. Martes populations as indicators of habitat spatial patterns: the need for a multiscale approach. Pages 95–121 in W. Z. Lidicker Jr., editor. Landscape Approaches in Mammalian Ecology and Conservation. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Brown, E. R. 1985. Management of wildlife and fish habitats in forests of western Oregon and Washington. Part 2 – Appendices. US Forest Service Publication Number R6F&WL-192
Bunnell, F. L. 1999. What habitat is an island? Pages 1–31 in J. P. Rochelle, L. A. Lehman, and J. Wisniewski, editors. Forest Fragmentation: Wildlife and Management Implications. Brill Press, Leiden, The Netherlands
Buskirk, S. W. and W. J. Zielinski. 2003. Small and mid-sized carnivores. Pages 207–249 in C. J. Zabel and R. G. Anthony, editors. Mammal Community Dynamics. Management and Conservation in the Coniferous Forests of Western North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
and . 1998. Demographic responses to habitat fragmentation: experimental tests at the landscape and patch scale. Ecology 79:969–980CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1990. Use of riparian and upland habitats by small mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 71:14–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1997. Relative effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on population extinction. Journal of Wildlife Management 61:603–610CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fahrig, L. 1999. Forest loss and fragmentation: which has the greater effect on persitence of forest-dwelling animals. Pages 87–95 in J. P. Rochelle, L. A. Lehman, and J. Wisniewski, editors. Forest Fragmentation: Wildlife and Management Implications. Brill Press, Leiden, The Netherlands
1980. The comparison of usage and availability measurements for evaluating resource preference. Ecology 61:65–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, L. D. 1984. The Fragmented Forest: Island Biogeography Theory and the Preservation of Biotic Diversity. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA
, , and . 1999. Overview of the use of natural variability concepts in managing ecological systems. Ecological Applications 9:1179–1188Google Scholar
Laurance, W. F. 1995. Extinction and survival of rainforest mammals in a fragmented tropical landscape. Pages 46–63 in W. Z. Lidicker Jr., editor. Landscape Approaches in Mammalian Ecology and Conservation. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
1998. Biogeography of Great Basin mammals: paradigm lost?Journal of Mammalogy 79:1111–1130CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawlor, T. E. 2003. Faunal composition and distribution of mammals in western coniferous forests. Pages 41–80 in C. J. Zabel and R. G. Anthony, editors. Mammal Community Dynamics. Management and Conservation in the Coniferous Forests of Western North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Lehmkuhl, J. F., L. F. Ruggiero, and P. A. Hall. 1991. Landscape-scale patterns of forest fragmentation and wildlife richness and abundance in the Southern Washington Cascade Range. Pages 425–442 in L. F. Ruggiero, K. B. Aubry, A. B. Carey, and M. H. Huff, editors. Wildlife and Vegetation of Unmanaged Douglas-fir Forests. US Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-285, Portland, Oregon, USA
and . 2000. Assembly and disassembly of mammal communities in a fragmented temperate rain forest. Ecology 81:1517–1532Google Scholar
Luoma, D. L., J. M. Trappe, A. W. Claridge, K. Jacobs, and E. Cazares. 2003. Relationships among fungi and small mammals in forested ecosystems. Pages 343–373 in C. J. Zabel and R. G. Anthony, editors. Mammal Community Dynamics. Management and Conservation in the Coniferous Forests of Western North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Martin, K. J. 1998. Habitat associations of small mammals and amphibians in the Central Oregon Coast Range. Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
and . 2002. Small mammal habitat associations at patch and landscape scales in Oregon. Forest Science 48:255–264Google Scholar
, , , and . 1986. The northern flying squirrel: a mycophagist in southwestern Oregon. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64:2086–2089CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maser, C., R. F. Tarrant, J. M. Trappe, and J. F. Franklin. 1988. From the forest to the sea: a story of fallen trees. US Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-133, Portland, Oregon, USA
, , and . 1985. Food habits of the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) in Oregon. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63:1084–1088CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGarigal, K. and B. J. Marks. 1995. FRAGSTATS: spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. US Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-351, Portland, Oregon, USA
and . 1995. Relationships between landscape structure and breeding birds in the Oregon Coast Range. Ecological Monographs 65: 236–260CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGarigal, K. and W. C. McComb. 1999. Forest fragmentation effects on breeding bird communities in the Oregon Coast Range. Pages 223–246 in J. P. Rochelle, L. A. Lehman, and J. Wisniewski, editors. Forest Fragmentation: Wildlife and Management Implications. Brill Press, Leiden, The Netherlands
1995. Edge effects and isolation: red-backed voles on forest remnants. Conservation Biology 2:395–403CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, L. S. and D. A. Tallmon. 1999. The role of genetics in understanding forest fragmentation. Pages 171–186 in J. P. Rochelle, L. A. Lehman, and J. Wisniewski, editors. Forest Fragmentation: Wildlife and Management Implications. Brill Press, Leiden, The Netherlands
Mills, L. S., M. K. Schwartz, D. A. Tallmon, and K. P. Lair. 2003. Measuring and interpreting connectivity for mammals in coniferous forests. Pages 587–613 in C. J. Zabel and R. G. Anthony, editors. Mammal Community Dynamics. Management and Conservation in the Coniferous Forests of Western North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Rosenberg, K. V. and M. G. Raphael. 1986. Effects of forest fragmentation on vertebrates in Douglas-fir forests. Pages 263–272 in J. Verner, M. L. Morrison, and C. J. Ralph, editors. Wildlife 2000: Modeling Habitat Relationships of Terrestrial Vertebrates. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Sessions, J., G. Reeves, K. N. Johnson, and K. Burnett. 1998. Implementing spatial planning in watersheds. Chapter 18 in K. A. Kohm and J. F. Franklin. Creating a Forestry for the 21 century: the Science of Ecosystem Management. Island Press, Washington DC, USA
Smith, W. P., R. G. Anthony, J. R. Waters, N. L. Dodd, and C. J. Zabel. 2003. Ecology and conservation of arboreal rodents of western coniferous forests. Pages 157–206 in C. J. Zabel and R. G. Anthony, editors. Mammal Community Dynamics. Management and Conservation in the Coniferous Forests of Western North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Spies, T. A. and M. G. Turner. 1999. Dynamic forest mosaics. Pages 95–160 in M. L. Hunter Jr., editor. Maintaining Biodiversity in Forested Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Sutherland, G. D., A. S. Harestad, K. Price, and K. P. Lertzman. 2000. Scaling of natal dispersal distances in terrestrial birds and mammals. Conservation Ecology4(1):16. [online] URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol4/iss1/art16
and . 1994. Use of logs within home ranges of California red-backed voles on a remnant of forest. Journal of Mammalogy 75:97–101CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and . 1999. Independent effects of forest cover and fragmentation on the distribution of forest breeding brids. Ecological Applications 9:586–593CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and . 1996. Habitat availability causes the species abundance-distribution relationship. Oikos 76:564–570CrossRefGoogle Scholar
With, K. A. 1999. Is landscape connectivity necessary and sufficient for wildlife management? Pages 97–115 in J. P. Rochelle, L. A. Lehman, and J. Wisniewski, editors. Forest Fragmentation: Wildlife and Management Implications. Brill Press, Leiden, The Netherlands
1997. Population regulation in mammals: an evolutionary perspective. Journal of Animal Ecology 66:1–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolff, J. O. 1999. Behavioral model systems. Pages 11–40 in B. W. Barrett and J. D. Peles, editors. Landscape Ecology of Small Mammals. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA
Wolff, J. O. 2003. An evolutionary and behavioral perspective on dispersal and colonization of mammals in fragmented landscapes. Pages 614–630 in C. J. Zabel and R. G. Anthony, editors. Mammal Community Dynamics. Management and Conservation in the Coniferous Forests of Western North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
- 3
- Cited by