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Chapter 17 - DNA Damage in Spermatozoa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 May 2020

By
Russell P. Hayden ,
Ahmad Aboukhshaba  and
Peter N. Schlegel
Edited by
R. John Aitken ,
David Mortimer  and
Gabor Kovacs
R. John Aitken
Affiliation:
University of Newcastle, New South Wales
David Mortimer
Affiliation:
Oozoa Biomedical Inc, Vancouver
Gabor Kovacs
Affiliation:
Epworth Healthcare Melbourne
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Summary

All sperm accrue varying amounts of DNA damage during maturation and storage, a process that appears to be mediated through oxidative stress. The clinical significance of genetic damage in the male germ line depends upon severity and how that damage is distributed among the sperm population. In human reproduction, the embryo is capable of significant DNA repair, which occurs prior to the first cleavage event. However, when the magnitude of genomic damage reaches pathologic levels, reproductive outcomes begin to be affected. Evidence now exists linking excessive sperm DNA fragmentation with time to pregnancy for natural conception, pregnancy outcomes of intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization, and miscarriage rates when intracytoplasmic sperm injection is employed. This review will discuss the pathophysiology of sperm DNA damage, the studies linking it to impaired reproductive outcomes, and how clinicians may render treatment to optimize the chance of paternity for their patients.

Keywords

sperm DNA integrityTUNELSCSADNA fragmentationazoospermiaobstructionMESAICSIsperm retrieval
Type
Chapter
Information
Male and Sperm Factors that Maximize IVF Success , pp. 199 - 210
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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