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16 - The Unacceptability of Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics as a Basis for Machine Ethics

from PART IV - APPROACHES TO MACHINE ETHICS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2011

By
Susan Leigh Anderson
Edited by
Michael Anderson  and
Susan Leigh Anderson
Michael Anderson
Affiliation:
University of Hartford, Connecticut
Susan Leigh Anderson
Affiliation:
University of Connecticut
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Summary

Once people understand that machine ethics is concerned with how intelligent machines should behave, they often maintain that Isaac Asimov has already given us an ideal set of rules for such machines. They have in mind Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics:

  1. A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

  2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

  3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. (Asimov 1976)

I shall argue that in “The Bicentennial Man” (Asimov 1976), Asimov rejected his own Three Laws as a proper basis for Machine Ethics. He believed that a robot with the characteristics possessed by Andrew, the robot hero of the story, should not be required to be a slave to human beings as the Three Laws dictate. He further provided an explanation for why humans feel the need to treat intelligent robots as slaves, an explanation that shows a weakness in human beings that makes it difficult for them to be ethical paragons. Because of this weakness, it seems likely that machines like Andrew could be more ethical than most human beings.

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Machine Ethics , pp. 285 - 296
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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References

Anderson, S. (1995), “Being Morally Responsible for an Action Versus Acting Responsibly or Irresponsibly,” Journal of Philosophical Research, Volume XX, pp. 451–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asimov, I. (1976), “The Bicentennial Man,” in Philosophy and Science Fiction (Philips, M., ed.), pp. 183–216, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY, 1984.Google Scholar
Bentham, J. (1799), An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, chapter 17 (Burns, J. and Hart, H., eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1969.Google Scholar
Kant, I. (1780), “Our Duties to Animals,” in Lectures on Ethics (Infield, L., trans.), Harper & Row, New York, NY, 1963, pp. 239–241.Google Scholar
Kant, I. (1785), The Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (Paton, H. J., trans.), Barnes and Noble, New York, 1948.Google Scholar
Machan, T. (1991), “Do Animals Have Rights?” Public Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 163–173.Google Scholar
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Warren, M. (1997), “On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion,” in Ethics in Practice (Follette, H., ed.), Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar

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