13 - Binary liquid-metal alloys

Summary

In the previous chapters, the theory of pure liquid metals has been developed in some depth. The philosophy has been, in essence, to regard a pure liquid metal as a collection of suitably screened ions, interacting via effective ion-ion pair potentials. Recognizing that these pair potentials have features characteristic of liquid metals because the effective ion-ion interactions are mediated by the (almost totally degenerate) assembly of conduction electrons, nevertheless the treatment then is, essentially, that of a onecomponent liquid. In a more basic, fully first-principles treatment of a pure liquid metal, it is really to be viewed as a two-component system: ions, say in liquid Na, Na⁺, and electrons, e⁻.

In the present chapter, before turning to this approach to a pure liquid metal, some aspects of the theory of the previous chapters will be generalized to apply to binary liquid-metal alloys, such as Na-K or Na-Cs. Really, such alloys are three-component systems (compare Appendix 14.6), but in this chapter, following the philosophy of the earlier chapters, they will be treated as two-component systems. Thus, in liquid Na-K, the short-range order in the binary liquid metal alloy will be described by three partial pair correlation functions, namely, g_Na-Na(r), g_k-k(r) and g_Na-K(r). The corresponding partial structure factors are S_Na-Na(k), and so on. Various linear combinations of these structure factors are often very helpful, as emphasized especially in the work of Bhatia and Thornton (1970).

Of course, such a structural description has to be given for each concentration of the alloy.