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4 - Particles in the Atmosphere

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 February 2023

Gary G. Gimmestad  and
David W. Roberts
Gary G. Gimmestad
Affiliation:
Georgia Institute of Technology
David W. Roberts
Affiliation:
MicroDynamics LLC
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Summary

The range of atmospheric scattering particle sizes is compared graphically with the range of wavelengths used in lidar to show that common particles are both much smaller and much larger than the wavelengths. Scattering must therefore be considered in all three regimes, so formulations and important results are described for Rayleigh, Mie, and geometric optics scattering. Aerosols in the troposphere and stratosphere are then described, with sources, sinks, and size ranges. The lidar ratio is defined. Other particle types are found in water and ice clouds, polar stratospheric clouds, and noctilucent clouds. Depolarization by nonspherical particles is described with Stokes vectors and Mueller matrices, and algorithms are given for finding the degree of depolarization from lidar measurement data. Particle classifiers are described, with examples, illustrating classification techniques using lidar ratios, depolarization ratios, and color ratios. The theory of sun photometry is then reviewed, and AERONET data products are described, with examples.

Keywords

atmospheric particlesoptical scatteringRayleigh scatteringMie scatteringaerosolslidar ratiocloudsdepolarizationclassifierssun photometers
Type
Chapter
Information
Lidar Engineering
Introduction to Basic Principles
 , pp. 65 - 112
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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