Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T14:00:06.448Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 December 2021

Hansjörg Dilger
Hansjörg Dilger
Affiliation:
Freie Universität Berlin
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Learning Morality, Inequalities, and Faith
Christian and Muslim Schools in Tanzania
 , pp. 236 - 258
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdulaziz, Mohamed H. 1991. ‘East Africa (Tanzania and Kenya)’ in Cheshire, Jenny (ed.), English around the World: sociolinguistic perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ahmed, Chanfi. 2008. ‘The Wahubiri wa Kislamu (Preachers of Islam) in East Africa’, Africa Today 54 (4): 3–18 [special issue: ‘Performing Islamic revival in Africa’].Google Scholar
Ahmed, Chanfi. 2009. ‘Networks of Islamic NGOs in sub-Saharan Africa: Bilal Muslim Mission, African Muslim Agency (Direct Aid), and al-Haramayn’, Journal of Eastern African Studies 3 (3): 426–37.Google Scholar
Altglas, Véronique and Wood, Matthew. 2018. ‘Introduction: an epistemology for the sociology of religion’ in Altglas, Véronique and Wood, Matthew (eds), Bringing Back the Social into the Sociology of Religion: critical approaches. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Ammah, Rabiatu. 2007. ‘Christian–Muslim relations in contemporary sub-Saharan Africa’, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 18 (2): 139–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson-Levitt, Kathryn M. 2003. ‘A world culture of schooling?’ in Anderson-Levitt, Kathryn M. (ed.), Local Meanings, Global Schooling: anthropology and world culture theory. New York NY and Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Ashforth, Adam. 1998. ‘Reflections on spiritual insecurity in a modern African city (Soweto)’, African Studies Review 41 (3): 39–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bader, Veit. 2009. ‘Governance of religious diversity: research problems and policy problems’ in Bramadat, P. and Koenig, M. (eds), International Migration and the Governance of Religious Diversity. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.Google Scholar
Bakewell, Oliver and Binaisa, Naluwembe. 2016. ‘Tracing diasporic identifications in Africa’s urban landscapes: evidence from Lusaka and Kampala’, Ethnic and Racial Studies 39 (2): 280–300.Google Scholar
Barker, John and Smith, Fiona. 2001. ‘Power, positionality and practicality: carrying out fieldwork with children’, Ethics, Place and Environment 4 (2): 142–7.Google Scholar
Baumann, Gerd. 2004. ‘Introduction: nation-state, schools and civil enculturation’ in Schiffauer, Werner, Baumann, Gerd, Kastoryano, Riva, and Vertovec, Steven (eds), Civil Enculturation: nation-state, school and ethnic difference in the Netherlands, Britain, Germany and France. New York NY and Oxford: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Baumann, Gerd and Sunier, Thijl. 2004. ‘The school as a place in its social space’ in Schiffauer, Werner, Baumann, Gerd, Kastoryano, Riva, and Vertovec, Steven (eds), Civil Enculturation: nation-state, school and ethnic difference in the Netherlands, Britain, Germany and France. New York NY and Oxford: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Becker, Felicitas. 2004. ‘Traders, “big men” and prophets: political continuity and crisis in the Maji Maji rebellion in southeast Tanzania’, Journal of African History 45 (1): 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, Felicitas. 2006. ‘Rural Islamism during the “War on Terror”: a Tanzanian case study’, African Affairs 105 (421): 583–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, Felicitas. 2008. Becoming Muslim in Mainland Tanzania 1890–2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Becker, Felicitas. 2014. ‘Fashioning selves and fashioning styles: negotiating the personal and the rhetorical in the experiences of African recipients of ARV treatment’ in van Dijk, Rijk, Dilger, Hansjörg, Burchardt, Marian, and Rasing, Thera (eds), Religion and AIDS Treatment in Africa: saving souls, prolonging lives. Farnham: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Becker, Felicitas. 2015. ‘Obscuring and revealing: Muslim engagement with volunteering and the aid sector in Tanzania’, African Studies Review 58 (2): 111–33.Google Scholar
Becker, Felicitas. 2016. ‘Patriarchal masculinity in recent Swahili-language Muslim sermons’, Journal of Religion in Africa 46 (2–3): 158–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, Felicitas. 2018. ‘The history of Islam in East Africa’, Oxford Research Encyclopedias [online], http://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-151 (accessed 23 April 2019).Google Scholar
Beckmann, Nadine. 2010. ‘Pleasure and danger: Muslim views on sex and gender in Zanzibar’, Culture, Health and Sexuality 12 (6): 619–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beekers, Daan. 2014. ‘Pedagogies of piety: comparing young observant Muslims and Christians in the Netherlands’, Culture and Religion 15 (1): 72–99.Google Scholar
Berliner, David C. 2005. ‘The abuses of memory: reflections on the memory boom in anthropology’, Anthropological Quarterly 78 (1): 197–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bettie, Julie. 2003. Women without Class: girls, race, and identity. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Bilal Muslim Mission. 2007. Annual Report. Dar es Salaam: Bilal Muslim Mission of Tanzania.Google Scholar
Bilal Muslim Mission. 2008. Annual Report. Dar es Salaam: Bilal Muslim Mission of Tanzania.Google Scholar
Blanes, Ruy Llera. 2006. ‘The atheist anthropologist: believers and non-believers in anthropological fieldwork’, Social Anthropology 14 (2): 223–34.Google Scholar
Blum, Denise F. 2011. Cuban Youth and Revolutionary Values: educating the new socialist citizen. Austin TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Bochow, Astrid. 2020. ‘Longing for connection: Christian education and emerging urban lifestyles in Botswana’ in Dilger, Hansjörg, Bochow, Astrid, Burchardt, Marian, and Wilhelm-Solomon, Matthew (eds), Affective Trajectories: religion and emotion in African cityscapes. Durham NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Bochow, Astrid and van Dijk, Rijk. 2012. ‘Christian creations of new spaces of sexuality, reproduction, and relationships in Africa: exploring faith and religious heterotopia’, Journal of Religion in Africa 42 (4): 325–44 [special issue].Google Scholar
Bochow, Astrid, Kirsch, Thomas G., and van Dijk, Rijk. 2017. ‘Introduction: new ethical fields and the implicitness/explicitness of ethics in Africa’, Africa 87 (3): 447–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bornstein, Erica. 2001. ‘Child sponsorship, evangelism, and belonging in the work of World Vision Zimbabwe’, American Ethnologist 28 (3): 595–622.Google Scholar
Bornstein, Erica. 2005. The Spirit of Development: Protestant NGOs, morality, and economics in Zimbabwe. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1974. ‘The school as a conservative force: scholastic and cultural inequalities’ in Eggleston, John (ed.), Contemporary Research in the Sociology of Education. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1986. ‘The forms of capital’ in Richardson, John G. (ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. Westport CT: Greenwood.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1996 [1984]. Distinction: a social critique of the judgment of taste. Translated by Richard Nice. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 2006 [1996]. ‘Die Logik der Felder’ in Bourdieu, Pierre and Wacquant, Loïc (eds), Reflexive Anthropologie. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar
Bowles, Samuel and Gintis, Herbert. 2002. ‘Schooling in capitalist America revisited’, Sociology of Education 75 (1): 1–18.Google Scholar
Boyle, Helen. 2004. Quranic Schools: agents of preservation and change. New York NY and London: Routledge Falmer.Google Scholar
Brennan, James R., Burton, Andrew, and Lawi, Yusuf (eds). 2007. Dar es Salaam: histories from an emerging African metropolis. Dar es Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers.Google Scholar
Brenner, Louis. 2001. Controlling Knowledge: religion, power, and schooling in a West African society. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Brocco, Giorgio. 2016. ‘Albinism, stigma, subjectivity and global–local discourses in Tanzania’, Anthropology and Medicine 23 (3): 229–43.Google Scholar
Brock-Utne, Birgit. 2002. Language, Democracy and Education in Africa. Discussion Paper 15. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.Google Scholar
Brock-Utne, Birgit and Holmarsdottir, Halla B.. 2004. ‘Language policies and practices in Tanzania and South Africa: problems and challenges’, International Journal of Educational Development 24 (1): 67–83.Google Scholar
Brown, Hannah and Prince, Ruth J.. 2015. ‘Introduction: volunteer labor – pasts and futures of work, development, and citizenship in East Africa’, African Studies Review 58 (2): 29–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchert, Lene. 1994. Education in the Development of Tanzania 1919–90. London: James Currey.Google Scholar
Bunyi, Grace. 1997. ‘Language in education in Kenyan schools’ in Cummins, Jim and Corson, David (eds), Bilingual Education: encyclopedia of language and education. Volume 5. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Burchardt, Marian. 2017. ‘Diversity as neoliberal governmentality: towards a new sociological genealogy of religion’, Social Compass 64 (2): 180–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buyandelger, Manduhai. 2018. ‘Asocial memories, “poisonous knowledge”, and haunting in Mongolia’, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 25 (3): 66–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caplan, Pat. 1999. ‘Anthropology, history and personal narratives: reflections on writing “African voices, African lives”’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 9: 283–90.Google Scholar
Casanova, José. 1992. ‘Private and public religion’, Social Research 59 (1): 17–57.Google Scholar
Casanova, José. 1994. Public Religions in the Modern World. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Chande, Abdin N. 1998. Islam, Ulamaa and Community Development in Tanzania: a case study of religious currents in East Africa. San Francisco CA: Austin and Winfield.Google Scholar
Chande, Abdin N. 2008. ‘Muslim–state relations in East Africa under conditions of military and civilian or one-party dictatorships’, Historia Actual Online 17: 97–111.Google Scholar
Chicharro-Saito, Gladys. 2008. ‘Physical education and moral embodiment in primary schools of the People’s Republic of China’, China Perspectives 2008 (1): 29–39.Google Scholar
Clough, Paul. 2006. ‘“Knowledge in passing”: reflexive anthropology and religious awareness’, Anthropological Quarterly 79 (2): 261–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coe, Cati. 2005. Dilemmas of Culture in African Schools: youth, nationalism, and the transformation of knowledge. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Cole, Jennifer. 1998. ‘The work of memory in Madagascar’, American Ethnologist 25 (4): 610–33.Google Scholar
Collins, James. 2009. ‘Social reproduction in classrooms and schools’, Annual Review of Anthropology 38: 33–48.Google Scholar
Comaroff, Jean and Comaroff, John. 1986. ‘Christianity and colonialism in South Africa’, American Ethnologist 13 (1): 1–22.Google Scholar
Comaroff, Jean and Comaroff, John. 1991. Of Revelation and Revolution. Volume 1: Christianity, colonialism and consciousness in South Africa. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Comaroff, Jean and Comaroff, John. 1997. Of Revelation and Revolution. Volume 2: The dialectics of modernity on a South African frontier. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Comaroff, Jean and Comaroff, John. 2000. ‘Millennial capitalism: first thoughts on a second coming’, Public Culture 12 (2): 291–343.Google Scholar
Comaroff, John and Comaroff, Jean. 1992. Ethnography and the Historical Imagination. Boulder CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Connell, Martin T. 2016. ‘The challenge to educate: an account of inaugurating a Catholic school in Tanzania’, Journal of Catholic Education 19: 20–48.Google Scholar
Cooksey, Brian and Kelsall, Tim. 2011. The Political Economy of the Investment Climate in Tanzania: research report. London: Africa Power and Politics Programme, Overseas Development Institute.Google Scholar
Cooksey, Brian, Court, David, and Makau, Ben. 1994. ‘Education for self-reliance and harambee’ in Barkan, Joel D. (ed.), Beyond Capitalism vs. Socialism in Kenya and Tanzania. Boulder CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers.Google Scholar
Csordas, Thomas. 2008. ‘Intersubjectivity and intercorporeality’, Subjectivity 22: 110–21.Google Scholar
CSSC. 2001. Joint Churches and Government Programme for Sustainable Development in Social Services. Self-assessment: ten years of Education Department. CSSC Document 16. Dar es Salaam: Christian Social Services Commission (CSSC).Google Scholar
CSSC. 2005a. Annual Report 2005. Dar es Salaam: Christian Social Services Commission (CSSC).Google Scholar
CSSC. 2005b. Laboratory Organisation, Management and Techniques: a laboratory manual for science teachers. Dar es Salaam: Christian Social Services Commission (CSSC).Google Scholar
Dahl, Bianca. 2009. ‘The “failure of culture”: Christianity, kinship, and moral discourse about orphans during Botswana’s AIDS crisis’, Africa Today 56 (1): 22–43 [special issue: ‘Christianity and HIV/AIDS in East and Southern Africa’].Google Scholar
Darbon, Dominique. 2019. ‘The political role of the African middle class: the over-politicization of an elusive category’, Oxford Research Encyclopedias: politics [online], https://oxfordre.com/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-739 (accessed 22 December 2020).Google Scholar
Dar es Salaam University Muslim Trusteeship. 2004. Tusikubali Kubaguliwa Kielimu: Nasaha za Shaykh Hasan bin Ameir (1880–1979). Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Muslim Trusteeship.Google Scholar
De Boeck, Filip. 2012. ‘Infrastructure: commentary by Filip de Boeck’, Cultural Anthropology [online], https://journal.culanth.org/index.php/ca/infrastructure-filip-de-boeck (accessed 1 September 2020).Google Scholar
DeHanas, Daniel Nilsson. 2016. London Youth, Religion, and Politics: engagement and activism from Brixton to Brick Lane. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
De Saxe, Jennifer. 2015. ‘A neoliberal critique: conceptualizing the purpose of school’, Catalyst: A Social Justice Forum 5 (1): article 7.Google Scholar
DiCarlo, Lisa. 2013. ‘I’m just a soul whose intentions are good: observations from the back pew’ in Crane, Hillary K. and Weibel, Deana L. (eds), Missionary Impositions: conversion, resistance, and other challenges to objectivity in religious ethnography. Lanham MD: Lexington.Google Scholar
Dilger, Hansjörg. 2000. ‘“Aids ist ein Unfall”: Metaphern und Bildlichkeit in AIDS-Diskursen Tansanias’, Africa Spectrum 35 (2): 165–82.Google Scholar
Dilger, Hansjörg. 2005. Leben mit Aids: Krankheit, Tod und soziale Beziehungen in Afrika. Eine Ethnographie. Frankfurt and New York NY: Campus.Google Scholar
Dilger, Hansjörg. 2007. ‘Healing the wounds of modernity: salvation, community and care in a neo-Pentecostal church in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania’, Journal of Religion in Africa 37 (1): 59–83.Google Scholar
Dilger, Hansjörg. 2009. ‘Doing better? Religion, the virtue-ethics of development, and the fragmentation of health politics in Tanzania’, Africa Today 56 (1): 89–110.Google Scholar
Dilger, Hansjörg. 2013a. ‘Religion and the formation of “unequal subjects” in an urban educational market: transnational reform processes and intertwined histories of Christian and Muslim schooling in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania’, Journal of Religion in Africa 43 (4): 451–79.Google Scholar
Dilger, Hansjörg. 2013b. ‘Securing wealth, ordering social relations: kinship, morality, and the configuration of subjectivity and belonging across the rural–urban divide’ in Kane, Abdoulaye and Leedy, Todd (eds), African Migrations Today: patterns and perspectives. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Dilger, Hansjörg. 2014a. ‘Claiming territory: medical mission, interreligious revivalism, and the spatialization of health interventions in urban Tanzania’, Medical Anthropology 33 (1): 52–67 [special issue: ‘Turning therapies: placing medical diversity’, edited by David Parkin, Kristine Krause, and Gabi Alex].Google Scholar
Dilger, Hansjörg. 2014b. ‘No public? Class dynamics, the politics of extraversion, and the non-formation of political publics and (religious) AIDS activism in urban Tanzania’ in Schmitt, Caroline and Vonderau, Asta (eds), Transnationalität und Öffentlichkeit: Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven. Bielefeld: Transcript.Google Scholar
Dilger, Hansjörg. 2017. ‘Embodying values and socio-religious difference: new markets of moral learning in Christian and Muslim schools in urban Tanzania’, Africa 87 (3): 513–36.Google Scholar
Dilger, Hansjörg. 2020. ‘Governing religious multiplicity: the ambivalence of Christian–Muslim public presences in postcolonial Tanzania’, Social Analysis 64 (1): 125–32 [special issue: ‘Toward a comparative anthropology of Muslim and Christian lived religion’, edited by Daan Beekers].Google Scholar
Dilger, Hansjörg and Schulz, Dorothea. 2013. ‘Introduction’, Journal of Religion in Africa 43 (4): 365–78 [special issue: ‘Politics of religious schooling: Christian and Muslim engagements with education in Africa’, edited by Dorothea Schulz and Hansjörg Dilger].Google Scholar
Dilger, Hansjörg and Malmus, Kai. 2002. ‘Mission completed – democracy safe? The Tanzanian Union, international election monitoring and the general elections 2000’, Sociologus 52 (2): 191–214.Google Scholar
Dilger, Hansjörg and Janson, Marloes. (forthcoming 2022). ‘Religiously-motivated schools and universities as “moral enclaves”: reforming urban youths in Tanzania and Nigeria’ in Garbin, David, Coleman, Simon, and Millington, Gareth (eds), Religious Urbanization and the Moral Economies of Development in Africa. London: Bloomsbury Academic.Google Scholar
Dilger, Hansjörg, Burchardt, Marian, Wilhelm-Solomon, Matthew, and Bochow, Astrid. 2020. ‘Introduction: affective trajectories in religious African cityscapes’ in Dilger, Hansjörg, Bochow, Astrid, Burchardt, Marian, and Wilhelm-Solomon, Matthew (eds), Affective Trajectories: religion and emotion in African cityscapes. Durham NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Dohrn, Kristina. 2014. ‘Translocal ethics: Hizmet teachers and the formation of Gülen-inspired schools in urban Tanzania’, Sociology of Islam 1 (3–4): 233–56.Google Scholar
Dohrn, Kristina. 2017. ‘A “golden generation”? Framing the future among senior students at Gülen-inspired schools in urban Tanzania’ in Stambach, Amy and Hall, Kathleen D. (eds), Anthropological Perspectives on Student Futures: youth and the politics of possibility. New York NY: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Eckert, Andreas. 2007. Herrschen und Verwalten: Afrikanische Bürokraten, staatliche Ordnung und Politik in Tanzania, 1920–1970. Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.Google Scholar
EDIMASHUTA (Umoja wa Elimu ya Dini na Maadili Shuleni Tanzania). 2005. ‘Report of the Uganda study tour on teaching of religion and ethics in schools (primary, secondary, and teachers’ colleges)’. Prepared by Clemence Lori and Sr Claudia Mashambo, June 2005. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Episcopal Conference.Google Scholar
Eickelman, Dale F. and Piscatori, James. 2004. Muslim Politics. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Engelke, Matthew. 2004. ‘Discontinuity and the discourse of conversion’, Journal of Religion in Africa 34 (1–2): 82–109.Google Scholar
Ewald, Jonas. 2011. Challenges for the Democratisation Process in Tanzania: moving towards consolidation 50 years after independence? Dar es Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers.Google Scholar
Fabian, Johannes. 1999. ‘Remembering the other: knowledge and recognition in the exploration of Central Africa’, Critical Enquiry 26 (1): 49–69.Google Scholar
Fair, Laura. 1998. ‘Dressing up: clothing, class and gender in post-abolition Zanzibar’, Journal of African History 39 (1): 63–94.Google Scholar
Fassin, Didier. 2013. ‘On resentment and ressentiment: the politics and ethics of moral emotions’, Current Anthropology 54 (3): 249–67.Google Scholar
Fassin, Didier. 2015. ‘Lecture 4: Troubled waters. At the confluence of ethics and politics’ in Lambek, Michael, Das, Veena, Fassin, Didier, and Keane, Webb (eds), Four Lectures on Ethics: anthropological perspectives. Chicago IL: Hau Books.Google Scholar
Faubion, James. 2011. An Anthropology of Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fay, Franziska. 2019. ‘Decolonizing the child protection apparatus: revisiting child rights governance in Zanzibar’, Childhood 26 (3): 321–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, James. 2002. ‘Of mimicry and membership: Africans and the “new world society”’, Cultural Anthropology 17 (4): 551–69.Google Scholar
Ferguson, James. 2006. Global Shadows: Africa in the neoliberal world order. Durham NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Fichtner, Sarah. 2012. The NGOisation of Education: case studies from Benin. Mainzer Beiträge zur Afrikaforschung 31. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.Google Scholar
Fischer, Edward F. 2014. The Good Life: aspiration, dignity, and the anthropology of wellbeing. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Fitzgerald, Anne. 2017. ‘Wearing an amulet: land titling and tenure (in)security in Tanzania’. PhD thesis, Department of Anthropology, Maynooth University.Google Scholar
Foley, Douglas. 2010. ‘The rise of class culture theory in educational anthropology’, Anthropology and Education Quarterly 41 (3): 215–27.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1994. ‘Technologies of the self’ in Rabinow, Paul (ed.), Ethics: subjectivity and truth. New York NY: The New Press.Google Scholar
Frederiks, Martha T. 2010. ‘Let us understand our differences: current trends in Christian–Muslim relations in sub-Saharan Africa’, Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 27 (4): 261–74.Google Scholar
Freire, Paulo. 2005 [1970]. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Translated by Myra Bergman Ramos. New York NY: Continuum.Google Scholar
Frueh, Jamie. 2020. ‘Pedagogy of the privileged: globalization, identity, belonging, and empowerment’, APSA Preprints, doi: 10.33774/apsa-2020-zl4qd.Google Scholar
Fumanti, Mattia. 2006. ‘Nation building and the battle for consciousness: discourses on education in post-apartheid Namibia’, Social Analysis 50 (3): 84–108.Google Scholar
Fung, Heidi and Chen, Eva Chian-Hui. 2001. ‘Across time and beyond skin: self and transgression in the everyday socialization of shame among Taiwanese preschool children’, Social Development 10 (3): 419–37.Google Scholar
Fung, Heidi and Smith, Benjamin. 2010. ‘Learning morality’ in Lancy, David F., Bock, John C., and Gaskins, Suzanne (eds), The Anthropology of Learning in Childhood. Walnut Creek CA: Altamira Press.Google Scholar
Funk, Leberecht, Röttger-Rössler, Birgitt, and Scheidecker, Gabriel. 2012. ‘Fühlen(d) lernen. Zur Sozialisation und Entwicklung von Emotionen im Kulturvergleich’, Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft 15 (1): 217–38.Google Scholar
Geschiere, Peter and Gugler, Josef. 1998. ‘Introduction: the rural–urban connection – changing issues of belonging and identification’, Africa 68 (3): 309–19 [special issue: ‘The politics of primary patriotism’].Google Scholar
Gifford, Paul. 1998. African Christianity: its public role. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Gifford, Paul. 2004. Ghana’s New Christianity: Pentecostalism in a globalising African economy. London: C. Hurst and Co.Google Scholar
Giles, Linda. 1999. ‘Spirit possession and the symbolic construction of Swahili society’ in Behrend, Heike and Luig, Ute (eds), Spirit Possession, Modernity and Power in Africa. Madison WI: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Gille, Zsuzsa and Riain, Seán Ó. 2002. ‘Global ethnography’, Annual Review of Sociology 28: 271–95.Google Scholar
Godda, Henry. 2018. ‘Free secondary education and the changing roles of the heads of public schools in Tanzania: are they ready for new responsibilities?’, Open Journal of Social Sciences 6 (5): 1–23.Google Scholar
Grace, Gerald. 2003. ‘“First and foremost the church offers its educational service to the poor”: class, inequality and Catholic schooling in contemporary contexts’, International Studies in Sociology of Education 13 (1): 35–54.Google Scholar
Gran, Line Kjølstad. 2007. ‘Language of instruction in Tanzanian higher education: a particular focus on the University of Dar es Salaam’. Master’s thesis, Faculty of Education, Institute for Educational Research, University of Oslo.Google Scholar
Grant, Barbara. 1997. ‘Disciplining students: the construction of student subjectivities’, British Journal of Sociology of Education 18 (1): 101–14.Google Scholar
Hansen, Holger Bernt and Twaddle, Michael (eds). 1995. Religion and Politics in East Africa: the period since independence. London: James Currey.Google Scholar
Hartmann, Sarah. 2008. ‘The informal market of education in Egypt: private tutoring and its implications’. Working Paper 88. Mainz: Department of Anthropology and African Studies, Johannes Gutenberg University.Google Scholar
Hasu, Païvi. 2006. ‘World Bank and heavenly bank in poverty and prosperity: the case of Tanzanian Faith Gospel’, Review of African Political Economy 33 (110): 679–92.Google Scholar
Hasu, Païvi. 2007. ‘Neo-Pentecostalism in Tanzania: Godly miracles, satanic interventions or human development?’ in Gould, Jeremy and Siitonen, Lauri (eds), Anomalies of Aid: a festschrift for Juhani Koponen. Helsinki: Interkont Books.Google Scholar
Hasu, Païvi. 2009. ‘The witch, the zombie and the power of Jesus: a trinity of spiritual warfare in Tanzanian Pentecostalism’, Suomen Antropologi 34 (1): 70–83.Google Scholar
Haustein, Jörg. 2017. ‘Strategic tangles: slavery, colonial policy, and religion in German East Africa, 1885–1918’, Atlantic Studies 14 (4): 497–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hearn, Julie. 2002. ‘The “invisible” NGO: US Evangelical missions in Kenya’, Journal of Religion in Africa 32 (1): 32–60.Google Scholar
Heilman, Bruce and Kaiser, Paul J.. 2002. ‘Religion, identity and politics in Tanzania’, Third World Quarterly 23 (4): 691–709.Google Scholar
Hirschfeld, Lawrence A. 2002. ‘Why don’t anthropologists like children?’, American Anthropologist 104 (2): 611–27.Google Scholar
HMSO. 1961. Tanganyika Report for the Year 1960. Part II. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (HMSO) for the Colonial Office.Google Scholar
Hoechner, Hannah. 2018. Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria: everyday experiences of youth, faith, and poverty. Cambridge: International African Institute and Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hölzl, Richard. 2016. ‘Educating Missions: teachers and catechists in southern Tanganyika, 1890s and 1940s’, Itinerario 40 (3): 405–28.Google Scholar
Horton, Mark and Middleton, John. 2000. The Swahili: the social landscape of a mercantile society. Malden MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Höschele, Stefan. 2007. Christian Remnant – African Folk Church: Seventh-Day Adventism in Tanzania, 1903–1980. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Hunt, Nancy Rose. 1999. A Colonial Lexicon: of birth ritual, medicalization, and mobility in the Congo. Durham NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Hunter, Mark. 2019. Race for Education: gender, white tone, and schooling in South Africa. Cambridge: International African Institute and Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ibn Batūta, . 1829. The Travels of Ibn Batūta. Translated by Revd Samuel Lee, BD. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, Murtala. 2020. ‘The sites of divine encounter: affective religious spaces and sensational practices in Christ Embassy and NASFAT in the city of Abuja’ in Dilger, Hansjörg, Bochow, Astrid, Burchardt, Marian, and Wilhelm-Solomon, Matthew (eds), Affective Trajectories: religion and emotion in African cityscapes. Durham NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Iliffe, John. 1979. A Modern History of Tanganyika. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ishumi, Abel G. M. 2006. ‘Access to and equity in education in Tanzania’ in Mukandala, Rwekaza et al. (eds), Justice, Rights and Worship: religion and politics in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: E&D Limited.Google Scholar
Islamic Education Panel. nd. Elimu ya Dini ya Kiislamu. Shule za Sekondari. Kitabu cha 2. Dar es Salaam: Afroplus Industries for Islamic Education Panel (chini ya usimamizi ya Bakwata na Wizara ya Elimu Zanzibar / under the supervision of BAKWATA and the Ministry of Education Zanzibar).Google Scholar
Ivaska, Andrew. 2011. Cultured States: youth, gender, and modern style in 1960s Dar es Salaam. Durham NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Jackson, Philip W. 1968. Life in Classrooms. New York NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
James, Deborah. 2019. ‘New subjectivities: aspiration, prosperity and the new middle class’, African Studies 78 (1): 33–50.Google Scholar
Jamestown Foundation. 2003. ‘Tanzania: Al Qaeda’s East African beachhead?’, Terrorism Monitor 1 (5), www.jamestown.org/programs/tm/single/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=18969&tx_ttnews[backPid]=178&no_cache=1#.VcHa9flUzIU (accessed 14 May 2019).Google Scholar
Janson, Marloes. 2014. Islam, Youth and Modernity in the Gambia: the Tablighi Jama’at. Cambridge: International African Institute and Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Janson, Marloes. 2015. ‘“How, for God’s sake, can I be a good Muslim?”: Gambian youth in search of a moral lifestyle’, Ethnography 17 (1): 22–46.Google Scholar
Janson, Marloes. 2016. ‘Unity through diversity: a case study of Chrislam in Lagos’, Africa 86 (4): 646–72.Google Scholar
Janson, Marloes and Meyer, Birgit. 2016. ‘Introduction: towards a framework for the study of Christian–Muslim encounters in Africa’, Africa 86 (4): 615–19.Google Scholar
Jennings, Michael. 2008. Surrogates of the State: NGOs, development and Ujamaa in Tanzania. Bloomfield CT: Kumarian Press.Google Scholar
Jones, Thomas Jesse. 1924. Education in East Africa: a study of the East, Central and South Africa by the second African Education Commission under the auspices of the Phelps-Stoke Fund, in cooperation with the International Education Board. London: Edinburgh House Press.Google Scholar
Jumbe, Aboud. 1994. The Partner-Ship: Tanganyika–Zanzibar union: 30 turbulent years. Dar es Salaam: Amana.Google Scholar
Kaag, Mayke. 2013. ‘Africa Muslims Agency’ in Fleet, Kate, Krämer, Gudrun, Matringe, Denis, Nawas, John, and Rowson, Everett (eds), Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Leiden: Brill, http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27261 (accessed 21 August 2020).Google Scholar
Kaag, Mayke. 2018. ‘Linking-in through education? Exploring the educational question in Africa from the perspective of flows and (dis)connections’, Sustainability 10 (2): 496.Google Scholar
Kaag, Mayke and Sahla, Soumaya. 2020. ‘Reflections on trust and trust making in the work of Islamic charities from the Gulf Region in Africa’ in Weiss, Holger (ed.), Muslim Faith-Based Organizations and Social Welfare in Africa. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Kaiser, Paul J. 1996. Culture, Transnationalism, and Civil Society: Aga Khan social service initiatives in Tanzania. Westport CT: Praeger.Google Scholar
Kaniki, M. 1974. ‘TANU: the party of independence and national consolidation’ in Ruhumbika, Gabriel (ed.), Toward Ujamaa: twenty years of TANU leadership. Dar es Salaam: East African Literature Bureau.Google Scholar
Keane, Webb. 2007. Christian Moderns: freedom and fetish in the mission encounter. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kempf, Wolfgang, van Meijl, Toon, and Hermann, Elfriede. 2014. ‘Movement, place-making and cultural identification: multiplicities of belonging’ in Kempf, Wolfgang, van Meijl, Toon, and Hermann, Elfriede (eds), Belonging in Oceania: movement, place-making and multiple identifications. New York NY: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
King, Kenneth. 1971. Pan-Africanism and Education: a study of race philanthropy and education in the southern states of America and East Africa. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Kirby, Benjamin James. 2017. ‘Muslim mobilisation, urban informality, and the politics of development in Tanzania: an ethnography of the Kariakoo Market district’. PhD thesis, University of Leeds.Google Scholar
Kironde, J. M. Lusugga. 2007. Race, class, and housing in Dar es Salaam: the colonial impact on land use structure’ in Brennan, James, Burton, Andrew, and Lawi, Yusuf (eds), Dar es Salaam: histories from an emerging African metropolis. East Lansing MI and Dar es Salaam: Michigan State University Press and Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, in association with the British Institute in Eastern Africa.Google Scholar
Kirsch, Thomas G. 2008. Spirits and Letters: reading, writing and charisma in Africa Christianity. Oxford and New York NY: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Kresse, Kai. 2009. ‘Muslim politics in postcolonial Kenya: negotiating knowledge on the double-periphery’, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 15: 76–94.Google Scholar
Kresse, Kai. 2018. Swahili Muslim Publics and Postcolonial Experience in Coastal Kenya. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Lambek, Michael. 2010. ‘Introduction’ in Lambek, Michael (ed.), Ordinary Ethics: anthropology, language, and action. New York NY: Fordham University Press.Google Scholar
Lambek, Michael. 2015. The Ethical Condition: essays on action, person, and value. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Langewiesche, Katrin. 2007. ‘Religiöse Identitäten in Bewegung: Zeitgenössische Konversionsgeschichten aus Burkina Faso’, Historische Anthropologie 15 (1): 65–81.Google Scholar
Larkin, Brian. 2013. ‘The politics and poetics of infrastructure’, Annual Review of Anthropology 42: 327–43.Google Scholar
Larkin, Brian and Meyer, Birgit. 2006. ‘Pentecostalism, Islam, and culture: new religious movements in West Africa’ in Akyeampong, Emmanuel (ed.), Themes in West Africa’s History. Oxford: James Currey.Google Scholar
Lassibille, Gérard and Tan, Jee-Peng. 2001. ‘Are private schools more efficient than public schools? Evidence from Tanzania’, Education Economics 9 (2): 145–72.Google Scholar
Last, Murray. 2000. ‘Children and the experience of violence: contrasting cultures of punishment in northern Nigeria’, Africa 70 (3): 359–93.Google Scholar
Launay, Robert. 2016. ‘Introduction: writing boards and blackboards’ in Launay, Robert (ed.), Islamic Education in Africa: writing boards and blackboards. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Lauterbach, Karen. 2016. ‘Religious entrepreneurs in Ghana’ in Röschenthaler, Ute and Schulz, Dorothea (eds), Cultural Entrepreneurship in Africa. London and New York NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Leichtman, Mara. 2015. Shi‘i cosmopolitanisms in Africa: Lebanese migration and religious conversion in Senegal. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Leichtman, Mara. 2020. ‘Transnational networks and global Shi‘i Islamic NGOs in Tanzania’ in Weiss, Holger (ed.), Muslim Faith-Based Organizations and Social Welfare in Africa. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Lentz, Carola. 2015. ‘Elites or middle classes? Lessons from transnational research for the study of social stratification in Africa’. Arbeitspapiere des Instituts für Ethnologie und Afrikastudien der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz 161. Mainz: Johannes Gutenberg University.Google Scholar
Leurs, Robert, Tumaini-Mungu, Peter, and Mvungi, Abu. 2011. ‘Mapping the development activities of faith-based organizations in Tanzania’. Working Paper 58. Birmingham: International Development Department, University of Birmingham.Google Scholar
Levtzion, Nehemia and Pouwels, Randall L. (eds). 2000. The History of Islam in Africa. Athens OH: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Lindhardt, Martin. 2009. ‘More than just money: the Faith Gospel and occult economy in contemporary Tanzania’, Nova Religio 13 (1): 41–67.Google Scholar
Linke, Uli. 2015. ‘Anthropology of collective memory’ in Wright, James D. (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Volume 4. 2nd edition. Oxford: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Lodhi, Abdulaziz Y. 1994. ‘Muslims in Eastern Africa: their past and present’, Nordic Journal of African Studies 3 (1): 88–98.Google Scholar
Loimeier, Roman. 1997. Islamic Reform and Political Change in Northern Nigeria. Evanston IL: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
Loimeier, Roman. 2007. ‘Perceptions of marginalization: Muslims in contemporary Tanzania’ in Soares, Benjamin F. and Otayek, René (eds), Islam and Muslim Politics in Africa. New York NY: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Loimeier, Roman. 2009. Between Social Skills and Marketable Skills: the politics of Islamic education in Zanzibar in the 20th century. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Loimeier, Roman. 2010. ‘Traditions of reform, reformers of tradition: case studies from Senegal and Zanzibar/Tanzania’ in Hirji, Zulfiqa (ed.), Diversity and Pluralism in Islam: historical and contemporary discourses among Muslims. London and New York NY: I. B. Tauris in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies.Google Scholar
Loimeier, Roman. 2013. Muslim Societies in Africa: a historical anthropology. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Louw, Antoinette, Robertshaw, Rory, and Mtani, Anna. 2001. ‘Dar es Salaam: victim surveys as a basis for city safety strategies’, African Security Review 10 (1): 60–74.Google Scholar
Ludwig, Frieder. 1996. ‘After Ujamaa: is religious revivalism a threat to Tanzania’s stability?’ in Westerlund, David (ed.), Questioning the Secular State: the world-wide resurgence of religion in politics. London: C. Hurst and Co.Google Scholar
Ludwig, Frieder. 1997. Das Modell Tanzania: Zum Verhältnis zwischen Kirche und Staat während der Ära Nyerere. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag.Google Scholar
Ludwig, Frieder. 1999. Church and State in Tanzania: aspects of a changing relationship, 1961–1994. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magesa, Laurenti. 2007. ‘Contemporary Catholic perspectives on Christian–Muslim relations in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Tanzania’, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 18 (2): 165–73.Google Scholar
Maghimbi, Sam. 2014. ‘Secularization and the rise of religious fundamentalism in Tanzania’ in Ndaluka, Thomas and Wijsen, Frans (ed.), Religion and State in Tanzania Revisited: reflections from 50 years of independence. Münster: Lit Verlag.Google Scholar
Mahmood, Saba. 2001. ‘Feminist theory, embodiment, and the docile agent: some reflections on the Egyptian Islamic revival’, Cultural Anthropology 16 (2): 202–36.Google Scholar
Mahmood, Saba. 2006. ‘Feminist theory, agency, and the liberatory subject: some reflections on the Islamic revival in Egypt’, Temenos 42 (1): 31–71.Google Scholar
Maoulidi, Salma. nd. Censoring Religious Hate Speech. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Maoulidi, Salma. 2002. ‘The predicament of Muslim women in Tanzania’, ISIM Newsletter 10 (02): 25.Google Scholar
Marshall, Ruth. 2009. Political Spiritualities: the Pentecostal revolution in Nigeria. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Martin, Anastasia. nd. Report of Form Four Examination Results: analysis of the year 2004/05. Results released March 2005 and February 2006. Dar es Salaam: Christian Social Services Commission (CSSC).Google Scholar
Masebo, Oswald. 2014. ‘An overview of the historiography of religion and state in post-colonial Tanzania, 1960s to the present’ in Ndaluka, Thomas and Wijsen, Frans (ed.), Religion and State in Tanzania Revisited: reflections from 50 years of independence. Münster: Lit Verlag.Google Scholar
Masquelier, Adeline. 1999. ‘Debating Muslims, disputed practices: struggles for the realization of an alternative moral order in Niger’ in Comaroff, John L. and Comaroff, Jean (eds), Civil Society and the Political Imagination in Africa: critical perspectives. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Masquelier, Adeline. 2018. ‘Schooling, spirit possession, and the “modern girl” in Niger’ in Gomez-Perez, Muriel (ed.), Femmes d’Afrique et émancipation: entre norms sociales contraignantes et nouvaux possibles. Paris: Karthala.Google Scholar
Matson, A. T. 1966. ‘Sewa Haji: a note’, Tanzania Notes and Records 65: 91–4.Google Scholar
Mattes, Dominik. 2020. ‘Politicizing elsewhere(s): negotiating representations of neo-Pentecostal aesthetic practice in Berlin’, Religion and Society: Advances in Research 11: 163–75.Google Scholar
Mattes, Dominik, Kasmani, Omar, and Dilger, Hansjörg. 2019a. ‘“All eyes closed”: dis/sensing in comparative fieldwork on affective-religious experiences’ in Kahl, Antje (ed.), Analyzing Affective Societies: methods and methodologies. Studies in Affective Societies 2. London and New York NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mattes, Dominik, Kasmani, Omar, Acker, Marion, and Heyken, Edda. 2019b. ‘Belonging’ in von Scheve, Christian and Slaby, Jan (eds), Affective Societies: key concepts. Studies in Affective Societies 3. London and New York NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mattingly, Cheryl. 2012. ‘Two virtue ethics and the anthropology of morality’, Anthropological Theory 12 (2): 161–84.Google Scholar
Mattingly, Cheryl. 2013. ‘Moral selves and moral scenes: narrative experiments in everyday life’, Ethnos 78 (3): 301–27.Google Scholar
Mattingly, Cheryl. 2014. Moral Laboratories: family peril and the struggle for a good life. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Maxwell, David. 2006. African Gifts of the Spirit: Pentecostalism and the rise of a Zimbabwean transnational religious movement. Oxford: James Currey.Google Scholar
Mazrui, Alamin M. 2004a. English in Africa after the Cold War. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Mazrui, Alamin M. 2004b. ‘Media of instruction in African education: the continuing paradox of dependency’, NORRAG News 34 (September), www.norrag.org/fileadmin/Full%20Versions/NN34.pdf (accessed 8 January 2015).Google Scholar
Mazrui, Alamin M. 2017. ‘The Arabic stimulus to the Swahili language: a post-colonial balance sheet’, JULACE: Journal of University of Namibia Language Centre 2 (2): 51–67.Google Scholar
Mazrui, Alamin M. and Tidy, Michael. 1984. Nationalism and New States in Africa from about 1935 to the Present. Nairobi: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Mbembe, Achille. 2001. On the Postcolony. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Mbilinyi, Marjorie. 1980. ‘African education during the British colonial period, 1919–1961’ in Kaniki, Martin H. Y. (ed.), Tanzania under Colonial Rule. London: Longman Group.Google Scholar
Mbogoni, Lawrence E. Y. 2005. The Cross versus the Crecent: religion and politics in Tanzania from the 1980s to the 1990s. Dar es Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers.Google Scholar
McClutcheon, Russel T. 2006. ‘“It’s a lie. There’s no truth in it! It’s a Sin!” On the limits of the humanistic study of religion and the costs of saving others from themselves’, Journal of the American Academy of Religion 74 (3): 720–50.Google Scholar
Meyer, Birgit. 1998a. ‘“Make a complete break with the past”: memory and postcolonial modernity in Ghanaian Pentecostal discourse’ in Werbner, Richard (ed.), Memory and the Postcolony: African anthropology and the critique of power. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Meyer, Birgit. 1998b. ‘Commodities and the power of prayer: Pentecostalist attitudes towards consumption in contemporary Ghana’, Development and Change 29 (4): 751–76.Google Scholar
Meyer, Birgit. 1999. Translating the Devil: religion and modernity among the Ewe in Ghana. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Meyer, Birgit. 2004. ‘Christianity in Africa: from African Independent to Pentecostal-Charismatic churches’, Annual Review of Anthropology 33: 447–74.Google Scholar
Moffett, J. P. (ed.). 1958. The Handbook of Tanganyika. 2nd edition. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
Monnot, Christophe. 2018. ‘Unmasking the relations of power within the religious field’ in Altglas, Véronique and Wood, Matthew (ed.), Bringing Back the Social into the Sociology of Religion: critical approaches. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Morrell, Robert. 2001. ‘Corporal punishment in South African schools: a neglected explanation for its existence’, South African Journal of Education 21 (4): 292–9.Google Scholar
Mostowlansky, Till. 2020. ‘Humanitarian affect: Islam, aid and emotional impulse in northern Pakistan’, History and Anthropology 31 (2): 236–56.Google Scholar
Mukandala, Rwekaza, Yahya, Saida-Othman, Mushi, Samwel S., and Ndumbaro, Laurian (eds). 2006. Justice, Rights and Worship: religion and politics in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: E&D Limited.Google Scholar
Mundy, Karen, Green, Andy, Lingard, Bob, and Verger, Antoni. 2016. ‘Introduction: the globalization of education policy – key approaches and debates’ in Mundy, Karen, Green, Andy, Lingard, Bob, and Verger, Antoni (eds), Handbook of Global Education Policy. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Munn, Nancy D. 1992. ‘The cultural anthropology of time: a critical essay’, Annual Review of Anthropology 21: 93–123.Google Scholar
Mushi, Philemon A. K. 2009. History and Development of Education in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press.Google Scholar
Musoke, Issa K. 2006. ‘The relationship between religion and employment in Tanzania’ in Mukandala, Rwekaza et al. (eds), Justice, Rights and Worship: religion and politics in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: E&D Limited.Google Scholar
Mwakimako, Hassan. 2007. ‘Christian–Muslim relations in Kenya: a catalogue of events and meanings’, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 18 (2): 287–307.Google Scholar
Ndaluka, Thomas. 2014a. ‘“We are ill-treated”: a critical discourse analysis of Muslims’ social differentiation claims in Tanzania’ in Ndaluka, Thomas and Wijsen, Frans (eds), Religion and State in Tanzania Revisited: reflections from 50 years of independence. Münster: Lit Verlag.Google Scholar
Ndaluka, Thomas. 2014b. ‘Society and Religion Research Centre (SORRECE)’ in Ndaluka, Thomas and Wijsen, Frans (eds), Religion and State in Tanzania Revisited: reflections from 50 years of independence. Münster: Lit Verlag.Google Scholar
Ndaluka, Thomas. 2014c. ‘How Christians speak about Muslims’ in Ndaluka, Thomas and Wijsen, Frans (eds), Religion and State in Tanzania Revisited: reflections from 50 years of independence. Münster: Lit Verlag.Google Scholar
Ndaluka, Thomas. 2014d. ‘General introduction: “The world is too fragile, handle it with prayer!” (Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere)’ in Ndaluka, Thomas and Wijsen, Frans (eds), Religion and State in Tanzania Revisited: reflections from 50 years of independence. Münster: Lit Verlag.Google Scholar
Ndaluka, Thomas and Wijsen, Frans (eds). 2014. Religion and State in Tanzania Revisited: reflections from 50 years of independence. Münster: Lit Verlag.Google Scholar
Ndaluka, Thomas, Nyanto, Salvatory, and Wijsen, Frans. 2014. ‘“Things are getting out of control”: an analysis of Muslim revivalism discourses in Tanzania’ in Ndaluka, Thomas and Wijsen, Frans (eds), Religion and State in Tanzania Revisited: reflections from 50 years of independence. Münster: Lit Verlag.Google Scholar
NECTA. 2005. Taarifa Ya Ziara Ya Mafunzo Nchini Uganda, Tarehe 29/05/2005–05/06/2005. Dar es Salaam: National Examination Council of Tanzania / Baraza la Mitihani la Tanzania (NECTA).Google Scholar
NECTA. 2012. Certificate of Secondary Education Examination Centers Ranking (Category 1: Examination centers with 40 and more registered candidates). Dar es Salaam: National Examination Council of Tanzania / Baraza la Mitihani la Tanzania (NECTA).Google Scholar
NECTA. 2013. Certificate of Secondary Education Examination Centers Ranking (Category 1: Examination centers with 40 and more registered candidates). Dar es Salaam: National Examination Council of Tanzania / Baraza la Mitihani la Tanzania (NECTA).Google Scholar
Ng’atigwa, Francis Xavier. 2013. ‘The media in society: religious radio stations, socio-religious discourse and national cohesion in Tanzania’. PhD thesis, University of Bayreuth.Google Scholar
Nimtz, August H., Jr. 1980. Islam and Politics in East Africa: the Sufi order in Tanzania. Minneapolis MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Njozi, Hamza M. 2002. Mwembechai Killings, and the Political Future of Tanzania. Ottawa: Globalink Communications.Google Scholar
Nolte, Insa, Jones, Rebecca, Taiyari, Khadijeh, and Occhiali, Giovanni. 2016. ‘Exploring survey data for historical and anthropological research: Muslim–Christian relations in southwest Nigeria’, African Affairs 115 (460): 541–61.Google Scholar
Nolte, Insa, Ogen, Olukoya, and Jones, Rebecca (eds). 2017. Beyond Religious Tolerance: Muslim, Christian and traditionalist encounters in an African town. Rochester NY: James Currey and Boydell and Brewer.Google Scholar
Nora, Pierre. 1989. ‘Between memory and history: les lieux de mémoire’, Representations 26 (Spring): 7–24 [special issue: ‘Memory and counter-memory’].Google Scholar
Nóvoa, António. 2002. ‘Ways of Thinking about Education in Europe’ in António, Nóvoa and Lawn, Martin (eds), Fabricating Europe. Dordrecht: Springer.Google Scholar
Obadare, Ebenezer. 2006. ‘Pentecostal presidency? The Lagos–Ibadan “theocratic class” and the Muslim “other”’, Review of African Political Economy 33 (110): 665–78.Google Scholar
Obadare, Ebenezer. 2007. ‘Religious NGOs, civil society and the quest for a public sphere in Nigeria’, African Identities 5 (1): 135–53.Google Scholar
Obadare, Ebenezer. 2018. Pentecostal Republic: religion and the struggle for state power in Nigeria. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Ojo, Matthews. 2007. ‘Pentecostal movements, Islam and the contest for public space in northern Nigeria’, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 18 (2): 175–88.Google Scholar
Ojong, Vivian Besem. 2008. ‘Religion and Ghanaian women entrepreneurship in South Africa’, Journal for the Study of Religion 21 (2): 63–84.Google Scholar
Oliver, Roland. 1952. The Missionary Factor in East Africa. London: Longmans, Green and Co.Google Scholar
Olupona, Jacob. 2011. City of 201 Gods: Ilé-Ifè in time, space, and the imagination. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Omari, C. K. 1984. ‘Christian–Muslim relations in Tanzania: the socio‐political dimension’, Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs. Journal 5 (2): 373–90.Google Scholar
Ong, Aihwa and Collier, Stephen (eds). 2004. Gobal Assemblages: technology, politics and ethics as anthropological problems. Malden MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Osella, Filippo and Osella, Caroline. 2010. ‘Muslim entrepreneurs in public life between India and the Gulf: making good and doing good’ in Osella, Filippo and Soares, Benjamin (eds), Islam, Politics, Anthropology. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Palmer, Gary B. and Jankowiak, William R.. 1996. ‘Performance and imagination: toward an anthropology of the spectacular and mundane’, Cultural Anthropology 11 (2): 225–58.Google Scholar
Pauli, Julia. 2018. ‘Pathways into the middle: rites of passage and emerging middle classes in Namibia’ in Kroeker, Lena, O’Kane, David, and Scharrer, Tabea (eds), Middle Classes in Africa: changing lives and conceptual challenges. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
PCT. 2008. Tamko la Maaskofu na Wachungaji wa PCT. Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam Kuhusu Ukiukwaji wa Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania Katika Kuingiza Mahakama ya Kadhi Ndani ya Katiba na Nchi ya Tanzania kuwa Mwanachama wa OIC. Dar es Salaam: Pentecostal Churches of Tanzania (PCT).Google Scholar
Peel, John D. Y. 2015. Christianity, Islam, and Orisa-Religion: three traditions in comparison and interaction. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Pels, Peter. 2013 [1999]. A Politics of Presence: contacts between missionaries and Walugru in late colonial Tanganyika. London and New York NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
PEPFAR. 2019. Tanzania Country Operational Plan COP 2019: strategic direction summary May 10, 2019. Washington DC: President’s Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Tanzania_COP19-Strategic-directional-Summary_public.pdf (accessed 5 August 2021).Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, Constanze, Ahorlu, Collins K., Alba, Sandra, and Obrist, Brigit. 2017. ‘Understanding resilience of female adolescents towards teenage pregnancy: a cross-sectional survey in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania’, Reproductive Health 14 (1): 1–12.Google Scholar
Phillips, Kristin. 2011. ‘Educational policymaking in the Tanzanian postcolony: authenticity, accountability, and the politics of culture’, Critical Studies in Education 52 (3): 235–50.Google Scholar
Phillips, Kristin and Stambach, Amy. 2008. ‘Cultivating choice: the invisible hands of educational opportunity in Tanzania’ in Forsey, Martin, Davies, Scott, and Walford, Geoffrey (eds), The Globalisation of School Choice? Oxford: Symposium Books.Google Scholar
Pontzen, Benedikt. 2020. ‘“Those who pray together”: religious practice, affect, and dissent among Muslims in Asante (Ghana)’ in Dilger, Hansjörg, Bochow, Astrid, Burchardt, Marian, and Wilhelm-Solomon, Matthew (eds), Affective Trajectories: religion and emotion in African cityscapes. Durham NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Possi, Mwajabu and Maselle, Balla. 2006. ‘Provision of education: infrastructure and resources’ in Mukandala, Rwekaza et al. (eds), Justice, Rights and Worship: religion and politics in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: E&D Limited.Google Scholar
Punch, Samantha. 2002. ‘Research with children: the same or different from research with adults?’, Childhood 9 (3): 321–41.Google Scholar
Qorro, Martha. 2006. Does Language of Instruction Affect Quality of Education? Working Paper 8. Dar es Salaam: HakiElimu.Google Scholar
Quarles van Ufford, Philip and Schoffeleers, Matthew (eds). 1988. Religion and Development: towards an integrated approach. Amsterdam: Free University Press.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, Lissi. 1993. Christian–Muslim Relations in Africa: the cases of northern Nigeria and Tanzania compared. London: British Academic Press.Google Scholar
Reihling, Hanspeter. 2013. ‘Vulnerable men: gender and sentiment at the margins of Cape Town’. PhD thesis, Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Freie Universität Berlin.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel. 2013. ‘Beyond the suffering subject: toward an anthropology of the good’, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 19 (3): 447–62.Google Scholar
Robertson, Roland and Chirico, JoAnn. 1985. ‘Humanity, globalization, and worldwide religious resurgence: a theoretical exploration’, Sociology of Religion 46 (3): 219–42.Google Scholar
Röttger-Rössler, Birgitt. 2018. ‘Multiple belongings: on the affective dimensions of migration’, Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 143 (2): 237–61.Google Scholar
Rowe, Emma E. 2017. ‘Politics, religion and morals: the symbolism of public schooling for the urban middle-class identity’, International Studies in Sociology of Education 26 (1): 36–50.Google Scholar
Roy-Campbell, Zaline Makini. 1992. Power or Pedagogy: choosing the medium of instruction in Tanzania. Madison WI: University of Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Rukyaa, Julian Joseph. 2007. ‘Muslim–Christian relations in Tanzania with particular focus on the relationship between religious instruction and prejudice’, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 18 (2): 189–204.Google Scholar
Rydstrøm, Helle. 2001. ‘Like a white piece of paper: embodiment and the moral upbringing of Vietnamese children’, Ethnos 66 (3): 394–413.Google Scholar
Rydstrøm, Helle. 2003. Embodying Morality: growing up in rural northern Vietnam. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.Google Scholar
Sahlberg, Carl-Erik. 1986. From Krapf to Rugambwa: a church history of Tanzania. Nairobi: Evangel Publishing House.Google Scholar
Said, Mohamed. nd[a]. ‘Islam and politics in Tanzania’ [online], www.islamtanzania.org/nyaraka/islam_and_politics_in_tz.html (accessed 21 August 2019).Google Scholar
Said, Mohamed. nd[b] ‘Intricacies and intrigues in Tanzania: the question of Muslim stagnation in education’ [online], www.islamtanzania.org/nyaraka/Elimu2.html (accessed 8 May 2019).Google Scholar
Said, Mohamed. 1998. The Life and Times of Abdulwahid Sykes (1924–1968): the untold story of the Muslim struggle against British colonialism in Tanganyika. London: Minerva Press.Google Scholar
Said, Mohamed. 2014. ‘In memory of Ally Kleist Sykes (1926–2013)’ [online], www.mohammedsaid.com/2014/05/in-memory-of-ally-kleist-sykes-1926-2013.html (accessed 8 August 2015).Google Scholar
Salzbrunn, Monika. 2014. Vielfalt/Diversität. Bielefeld: Transcript.Google Scholar
Sanders, Ethan R. 2011. ‘Missionaries and Muslims in East Africa before the Great War’. Henry Martyn Seminar, Westminster College, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Saurer, Michael. 2018. ‘Konversionsprozesse in Ankole, Uganda. Initiation, Segregation und Aushandlung’. PhD thesis, Fachbereich Politik- und Sozialwissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin.Google Scholar
Scharrer, Tabea. 2007. ‘Konversion in Ostafrika im Spannungsfeld zwischen islamischer und christlicher Mission’, Historische Anthropologie 15 (1): 118–25.Google Scholar
Scharrer, Tabea. 2013. Narrative islamischer Konversion. Biographische Erzählungen konvertierter Muslime in Ostafrika. Bielefeld: Transcript.Google Scholar
Scharrer, Tabea, O’Kane, David, and Kroeker, Lena. 2018. ‘Introduction: Africa’s middle classes in critical perspective’ in Kroeker, Lena, O’Kane, David, and Scharrer, Tabea (eds), Middle Classes in Africa: changing lives and conceptual challenges. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Schielke, Samuli. 2009. ‘Ambivalent commitments: troubles of morality, religiosity and aspiration among young Egyptians’, Journal of Religion in Africa 39 (2): 158–85.Google Scholar
Schnegg, Michael and Bollig, Michael. 2016. ‘Institutions put to the test: community-based water management in Namibia during a drought’, Journal of Arid Environments 124: 62–71.Google Scholar
Schulz, Dorothea E. 2006. ‘Promises of (im)mediate salvation: Islam, broadcast media, and the remaking of religious experience in Mali’, American Ethnologist 33 (2): 210–29.Google Scholar
Schulz, Dorothea E. 2011. Muslims and New Media in West Africa: pathways to God. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Schulz, Dorothea E. 2013. ‘(En)gendering Muslim self-assertiveness: Muslim schooling and female elite formation in Uganda’, Journal of Religion in Africa 43 (4): 396–425.Google Scholar
Schulz, Dorothea and Dilger, Hansjörg (eds). 2013. ‘Politics of religious schooling: Christian and Muslim engagements with education in Africa’, Journal of Religion in Africa 43 (4) [special issue].Google Scholar
Schulz, Dorothea and Diallo, Souleymane. 2016. ‘Competing assertions of Muslim masculinity in contemporary Mali’, Journal of Religion in Africa 46 (2–3): 219–50.Google Scholar
Scudder, Thayer and Colson, Elizabeth. 1979. ‘Long-term research in Gwembe Valley, Zambia’ in Foster, George M., Scudder, Thayer, Colson, Elizabeth, and Kemper, Robert V. (eds), Long-Term Field Research in Anthropology. New York NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Seabright, Paul. 2016. ‘Religion and entrepreneurship: a match made in heaven?’, Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions 175 (3): 201–19.Google Scholar
Setel, Philip W. 1999. A Plague of Paradoxes: AIDS, culture, and demography in northern Tanzania. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Settler, Federico and Engh, Maria Haugaa. 2018. ‘Religion and migration in Africa and the African diaspora’, Alternation Journal 22: 1–10, https://journals.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/soa/article/view/1217 (accessed 22 December 2020).Google Scholar
Shavit, Uriya and Wiesenbach, Frederic. 2012. ‘An “integrating enclave”: the case of Al-Hayat, Germany’s first Islamic fitness center for women in Cologne’, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 32 (1): 47–61.Google Scholar
Sheriff, Abdul. 1987. Slaves, Spices and Ivory in Zanzibar. London: James Currey.Google Scholar
Shore, Chris and Wright, Susan. 2015. ‘Governing by numbers: audit culture, rankings and the new world order’, Social Anthropology 23 (1): 22–8.Google Scholar
Shura ya Maimamu Tanzania, Kamati Kuu ya Siasa. 2009. Kuelekea Uchaguzi Mkuu 2010: Muongozo kwa Waislamu. Dar es Salaam: Rajab 1430.Google Scholar
Simpson, Anthony. 1998. ‘Memory and becoming chosen other: fundamentalist elite-making in a Zambian Catholic mission school’ in Werbner, Richard (ed.), Memory and the Postcolony. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Simpson, Anthony. 2003. ‘Half-London in Zambia’: contested identities in a Catholic mission school. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Simpson, Edward and Kresse, Kai (eds). 2008. Struggling with History: Islam and cosmopolitanism in the western Indian Ocean. New York NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Singleton, Michael. 1977. ‘Muslims, missionaries and the millennium in upcountry Tanzania’, Cultures et Développement IX (2): 247–314.Google Scholar
Sivalon, John C. 1995. ‘The Catholic church and Tanzania state in the provision of social services’ in Semboja, Joseph and Therkilsden, Ole (eds), Service Provision under Stress in East Africa. Copenhagen: Villiers Publications.Google Scholar
Smith McKinnon, Allan. 2017. ‘On being Charismatic brethren: roots and shoots of Pentecostal Evangelism in Tanzania’. PhD thesis, Department of Theology and Religion, University of Birmingham.Google Scholar
Soares, Benjamin. 2006. ‘Introduction’ in Soares, Benjamin F. (ed.), Muslim–Christian Encounters in Africa. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Soares, Benjamin. 2016. ‘Reflections on Muslim–Christian encounters in West Africa’, Africa 86 (4): 673–97.Google Scholar
Sommers, Marc. 2001. Fear in Bongoland: Burundi refugees in urban Tanzania. New York NY and Oxford: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Spear, Thomas and Kimambo, Isaria N. (eds). 1999. East African Expressions of Christianity. Athens OH: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Spronk, Rachel. 2012. Ambiguous Pleasures: sexuality and middle class self-perceptions in Nairobi. New York NY: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Spronk, Rachel. 2018. ‘Afterword. The (idea of) African middle classes: theorizing from Africa’ in Kroeker, Lena, O’Kane, David, and Scharrer, Tabea (eds), Middle Classes in Africa: changing lives and conceptual challenges. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Stambach, Amy. 2000. Lessons from Mount Kilimanjaro: schooling, community, and gender in East Africa. New York NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Stambach, Amy. 2004. ‘Faith in schools: toward an ethnography of education, religion, and the state’, Social Analysis: The International Journal of Anthropology 48 (3): 90–107.Google Scholar
Stambach, Amy. 2006. ‘Revising a four-square model of a complicated whole: on the cultural politics of religion and education’, Social Analysis 50 (3): 1–18.Google Scholar
Stambach, Amy. 2010a. Faith in Schools: religion, education, and American Evangelicals in East Africa. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Stambach, Amy. 2010b. ‘Education, religion and anthropology in Africa’, Annual Review of Anthropology 39: 361–79.Google Scholar
Stambach, Amy. 2014. Confucius and Crisis in American Universities: culture, capital, and diplomacy in US public higher education. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Stambach, Amy. 2017. ‘Introduction’ in Stambach, Amy and Hall, Kathleen D. (eds), Anthropological Perspectives on Student Futures: youth and the politics of possibility. New York NY: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Stambach, Amy and Ngwane, Zolani. 2011. ‘Development, post-colonialism, and global networks as frameworks for the study of education in Africa and beyond’ in Levinson, Bradely A. U. and Pollock, Mica (eds), A Companion to the Anthropology of Education. Malden MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Stites, Regie and Semali, Ladislaus. 1991. ‘Adult literacy for social equality or economic growth? Changing agendas for mass literacy in China and Tanzania’, Comparative Education Review 35 (1): 44–75.Google Scholar
Strayer, Robert W. 1973. ‘The making of mission schools in Kenya: a microcosmic perspective’, Comparative Education Review 17 (3): 313–30.Google Scholar
Strong, Thomas. 2017. ‘Becoming witches: sight, sin, and social change in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea’ in Rio, Knut, MacCarthy, Michelle, and Blanes, Ruy (eds), Pentecostalism and Witchcraft: spiritual warfare in Africa and Melanesia. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Sumra, Suleman and Katabaro, Joviter K.. 2014. Decling Quality of Education: suggestions for arresting and reversing the trend. Discussion Paper 63. Dar es Salaam: Economic and Social Research Foundation.Google Scholar
Swain, Jon. 2003. ‘How young schoolboys become somebody: the role of the body in the construction of masculinity’, British Journal of Sociology of Education 24 (3): 299–314.Google Scholar
Swinkels, Michiel and de Koning, Anouk. 2016. ‘Introduction: humour and anthropology’, Etnofoor 28 (1): 7–10.Google Scholar
Tamim, Faraj Abdallah and Smith, Malinda. 2010. ‘Human rights and insecurities: Muslims in post-9/11 East Africa’ in Smith, Malinda (ed.), Securing Africa: post 9/11 discourses on terrorism. Farnham: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Tanzania. nd. Requirements for Registration of Societies. Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Home Affairs, United Republic of Tanzania.Google Scholar
Tanzania. 1977. The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania of 1977. Dar es Salaam: United Republic of Tanzania.Google Scholar
Tanzania. 1995. Education and Training Policy. Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Education and Culture.Google Scholar
Tanzania. 2002. The Societies Act. Dar es Salaam: Parliament of the United Republic of Tanzania.Google Scholar
Tanzania. 2004. Secondary Education Development Plan (2004–2009). Dar es Salaam: Education Sector Development Programme, Ministry of Education and Culture, United Republic of Tanzania.Google Scholar
Tanzania. 2010. Secondary Education Development Programm II (July 2010–June 2015). Dar es Salaam: Education Sector Development Programme, Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, United Republic of Tanzania.Google Scholar
Tayob, Abdulkader. 2017. ‘The national policy on religion and education, and religious dress observances in South African schools’ in Christian Green, M., Hackett, Rosalind I. J., Hansen, Len, and Venter, Francois (eds), Religious Pluralism, Heritage and Social Development in Africa. Stellenbosch: Sun Media Bloemfontein.Google Scholar
Tayob, Abdulkader. 2018. ‘The representation of religion in religion education: notes from the South African periphery’, Education Sciences 8 (3): 146.Google Scholar
ter Haar, Gerrie. 2011. ‘Religion and development: introducing a new debate’ in Haar, Gerrie ter (ed.), Religion and Development: ways of transforming the world. London: C. Hurst and Co.Google Scholar
Throop, C. Jason. 2012. ‘Moral sentiments’ in Fassin, Didier (ed.), A Companion to Moral Anthropology. Hoboken NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
TIE. 2008a. Mwongozo wa Uandishi wa Mihtasari ya Masomo ya Elimu ya Dini ya Kiislamu. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE).Google Scholar
TIE. 2008b. Mwongozo wa Uandishi wa Mihtasari ya Masomo ya Elimu ya Dini ya Kikristo. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE).Google Scholar
Tolmacheva, Marina. 1976. ‘The origin of the name Swahili’, Tanzania Notes and Records 77–8: 27–37.Google Scholar
Towse, Peter, Kent, David, Osaki, Funja, and Kiruac, Noah. 2002. ‘Non-graduate teacher recruitment and retention: some factors affecting teacher effectiveness in Tanzania’, Teaching and Teacher Education 18 (6): 637–52.Google Scholar
Trimingham, John Spencer. 1964. Islam in East Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tripp, Aili Maria. 1997. Changing the Rules: the politics of liberalization and the urban informal economy in Tanzania. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Tripp, Aili Maria. 1999. ‘The political mediation of ethnic and religious diversity in Tanzania’ in Young, Crawford (ed.), The Accommodation of Cultural Diversity. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Turner, Jane. 2015. ‘The disentchantment of Western performance training, and the search for an embodied experience: toward a methodology of the ineffable’ in Perry, M. and Medina, C. L. (ed.), Methodologies of Embodiment: inscribing bodies in qualitative research. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
UMAKA. 2004. Kumbukumbu za Kikao cha Viongozi wa Serikali na Madhehebu ya Dini Kuhusu Uboreshaji wa Kufundisha Somo la Dini Katika Shule za Msingi na Sekondari Tanzania. Kilichofanyika Chuo Cha Ualimu Dar es Salaam, Tarehe 5 Julai 2004. Dar es Salaam: Umoja wa Madhehebu wa Mkoa wa Kagera (UMAKA).Google Scholar
US Department of State. 2007. International Religious Freedom Report: Tanzania. Washington DC: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, US Department of State, https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2007/90124.htm (accessed 18 August 2019).Google Scholar
US Department of State. 2014. 2013 International Religious Freedom Report: Tanzania. Washington DC: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, US Department of State, www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222105#wrapper (accessed 8 May 2019).Google Scholar
van de Bruinhorst, Gerard C. 2007. ‘Raise Your Voice and Kill Your Animals’: Islamic discourses on the Idd El-Hajj and sacrifices in Tanga (Tanzania). Authoritative texts, ritual practices and social identities. Leiden: International Institute for the Study of Islam (ISIM) and Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar
van der Geest, Sjaak. 1990. ‘Anthropologists and missionaries: brothers under the skin’, Man 25 (4): 588–601.Google Scholar
van Dijk, . 2010. ‘Social catapulting and the spirit of entrepreneurialism’ in Hüwelmeier, Gertrud and Krause, Kristine (eds), Traveling Spirits: migrants, markets and mobilities. New York NY and Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Van Klinken, Adriaan. 2019. Kenyan, Christian, Queer: religion, LGBT activism and arts of resistance in Africa. University Park PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Von Sicard, Sigvard. 1978. ‘Christian and Muslim in East Africa’, Africa Theological Journal 7 (2): 53–67.Google Scholar
Ware, Rudolph. 2014. The Walking Qur’an: Islamic education, embodied knowledge, and history in West Africa. Chapel Hill NC: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Weiss, Brad. 2004. ‘Street Dreams: inhabiting masculine fantasy in neoliberal Tanzania’ in Weiss, Brad (ed.), Producing African Futures: ritual and reproduction in a neoliberal age. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Westerlund, David. 1980a. Ujamaa na Dini: a study of some aspects of society and religion in Tanzania, 1961–1977. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell International.Google Scholar
Westerlund, David. 1980b. ‘Christianity and socialism in Tanzania, 1967–1977’, Journal of Religion in Africa 11 (1): 30–55.Google Scholar
Westerlund, David. 1982. ‘Freedom of religion under socialist rule in Tanzania, 1961–1977’, Journal of Church and State 24 (1): 87–103.Google Scholar
Wiegele, Katherine L. 2013. ‘On being a participant and an observer in religious ethnography: silence betrayal and becoming’ in Crane, Hillary K. and Weibel, Deana L. (eds), Missionary Impositions: conversion, resistance, and other challenges to objectivity in religious ethnography. Lanham MD: Lexington.Google Scholar
Wijsen, Frans. 2014. ‘“Keep the conversation going”: regulating Islamic revivalism in Tanzania’ in Ndaluka, Thomas and Wijsen, Frans (eds), Religion and State in Tanzania Revisited: reflections from 50 years of independence. Münster: Lit Verlag.Google Scholar
Wijsen, Frans and Mfumbusa, Bernardin. 2004. Seeds of Conflict: religious tensions in Tanzania. Nairobi: Paulines Publications Africa.Google Scholar
Wilkens, Katharina. 2009. Holy Water and Evil Spirits: religious healing in the Marian faith healing ministry in Tanzania. Münster: Lit. Verlag.Google Scholar
Willis, Paul E. 1977. Learning to Labor: how working class kids get working class jobs. Farnborough: Saxon House.Google Scholar
Winchester, Daniel. 2008. ‘Embodying the faith: religious practice and the making of a Muslim moral habitus’, Social Forces 86 (4): 1753–80.Google Scholar
Woods, Ruth. 2013. Children’s Moral Lives: an ethnographic and psychological approach. Malden MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2004. ‘International Development Association. Program document for a proposed adjustment credit in the amount of SDR 82.7 million (US$123.6 million) and a grant in the amount of SDR 17.7 million (US$26.4 million) to the United Republic of Tanzania for a secondary education development program’. Dar es Salaam: Country Department 4, World Bank Africa Regional Office, www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/05/18/000160016_20040518092331/Rendered/PDF/276310TA.pdf (accessed 8 May 2019).Google Scholar
Wortham, Stanton. 2006. Learning Identity: the mediation of social identity through academic learning. New York NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wortham, Stanton. 2008. ‘Linguistic anthropology of education’, Annual Review of Anthropology 37: 37–51.Google Scholar
Wulf, Christoph. 2008. ‘Mimetic learning’, Designs for Learning 1 (1): 56–67.Google Scholar
Wulf, Christoph. 2012. ‘Towards a historical cultural anthropology of education: the Berlin ritual study’ in Anderson-Levitt, Kathryn M. (ed.), Anthropologies of Education: a global guide to ethnographic studies of learning and schooling. New York NY and Oxford: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Xu, Jing. 2014. ‘Becoming a moral child amidst China’s moral crisis: preschool discourse and practices of sharing in Shanghai’, Ethos 42 (2): 222–42.Google Scholar
Yonemura, Akemi. 2010. ‘IICBA, international migration of teachers: supply, quality, and ethical recruitment’, IICBA Newsletter 12 (2): 2–3, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000231310 (accessed 1 September 2020).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Hansjörg Dilger, Freie Universität Berlin
  • Book: Learning Morality, Inequalities, and Faith
  • Online publication: 16 December 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009082808.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Hansjörg Dilger, Freie Universität Berlin
  • Book: Learning Morality, Inequalities, and Faith
  • Online publication: 16 December 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009082808.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Hansjörg Dilger, Freie Universität Berlin
  • Book: Learning Morality, Inequalities, and Faith
  • Online publication: 16 December 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009082808.010
Available formats
×