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3 - Film deposition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 November 2009

Michael C. Petty
Affiliation:
University of Durham
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Summary

Deposition principles

The Langmuir—Blodgett (LB) technique, first introduced by Irving Langmuir and applied extensively by Katharine Blodgett, involves the vertical movement of a solid substrate through the monolayer/air interface (Blodgett, 1934; Blodgett, 1935; Langmuir, 1920). Blodgett's and Langmuir's original papers contain a wealth of useful experimental advice and are still excellent starting points for anyone considering working in the area today (Blodgett, 1935; Blodgett and Langmuir, 1937).

The surface pressure and temperature of the monolayer are first controlled so that the organic film is in a condensed and stable state. For fatty acid type materials, deposition generally proceeds from either the L2′, LS or S phase (with surface pressures in the range 20–40 mN m-1 and temperatures 15–20°C). However, it is also possible to start from one of the other monolayer states. The molecular organization in the resulting LB film will depend on these initial conditions.

Figure 3.1 shows the commonest form of LB film deposition. The substrate is hydrophilic and the first monolayer is transferred, like a carpet, as the substrate is raised through the water. The substrate may therefore be placed in the subphase before the monolayer is spread. Subsequently, a monolayer is deposited on each traversal of the monolayer/air interface.

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Langmuir-Blodgett Films
An Introduction
, pp. 39 - 64
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1996

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  • Film deposition
  • Michael C. Petty, University of Durham
  • Book: Langmuir-Blodgett Films
  • Online publication: 30 November 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511622519.005
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  • Film deposition
  • Michael C. Petty, University of Durham
  • Book: Langmuir-Blodgett Films
  • Online publication: 30 November 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511622519.005
Available formats
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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Film deposition
  • Michael C. Petty, University of Durham
  • Book: Langmuir-Blodgett Films
  • Online publication: 30 November 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511622519.005
Available formats
×