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4 - Spatial heterogeneity and ecosystem processes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 January 2010

By
Monica G. Turner  and
Jeffrey A. Cardille
Edited by
Jianguo Wu  and
Richard J. Hobbs
Monica G. Turner
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Jeffrey A. Cardille
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Jianguo Wu
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Richard J. Hobbs
Affiliation:
Murdoch University, Western Australia
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Summary

Introduction

Understanding the patterns, causes, and consequences of spatial heterogeneity for ecosystem function is a research frontier in both landscape ecology and ecosystem ecology (Turner et al. 2001, Chapin et al. 2002, Wu and Hobbs 2002, Lovett et al. 2005). Landscape ecology research has contributed to tremendous gains in understanding the causes and consequences of spatial heterogeneity, how relationships between patterns and processes change with scale, and the management of both natural and human-dominated landscapes. There are now many studies in widely varied landscapes that elucidate, for example, the conditions under which organisms may respond to landscape composition or configuration, or disturbance spread may be constrained or enhanced by landscape pattern. The inclusion of a spatial component is now pro forma in many ecological studies, and tools developed by landscape ecologists for spatial analysis and modeling now enjoy widespread use (e.g., Baskent and Jordan 1995, McGarigal and Marks 1995, Gustafson 1998, Gergel and Turner 2002). Landscape ecological approaches are not limited only to “land” but are also applied in aquatic and marine ecosystems (e.g., Fonseca and Bell 1998; Bell et al. 1999; Garrabou et al. 2002; Teixido et al. 2002; Ward et al. 2002). However, with a few exceptions, the consideration of ecosystem function has lagged behind progress in understanding the causes and consequences of spatial heterogeneity for other ecological processes.

Ecosystem ecology focuses on the flow of energy and matter through organisms and their surroundings, seeking to understand pools, fluxes, and regulating factors.

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Key Topics in Landscape Ecology , pp. 62 - 77
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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