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Chapter 25 - Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

from Section 2: - Hypokinetic Movement Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 January 2025

By
Zhen Ni  and
Mark Hallett
Edited by
Erik Ch. Wolters  and
Christian R. Baumann
Erik Ch. Wolters
Affiliation:
Universität Zürich
Christian R. Baumann
Affiliation:
Universität Zürich
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Summary

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a powerful and typically painless technique to stimulate the human brain. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with different stimulus modes and parameters are well used patterns of NIBS. Long-term potentiation or long-term depression (LTP and LTD)-like effects can be induced by NIBS. NIBS with practical interventional protocols produces various forms of cortical plasticity and its application has promise for PD treatment. Many clinical trials have shown that rTMS and tDCS with established guidelines are safe, and the interventional protocols using these techniques produce modest therapeutic effects in the patients. Multiple sessions using combinations of different patterns of NIBS and with other therapeutic methods may be more effective for the patient than a single type of intervention. Disease-modifying therapies with long-term effects and development of treatment with benefit beyond conventional therapy in clinical practice using NIBS in PD are theoretically possible and deserve further physiologic studies and clinical trials with large sample size.

Keywords

Non-invasive brain stimulationrepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationdepotentiationdedepressionpersonalized protocols
Type
Chapter
Information
International Compendium of Movement Disorders , pp. 306 - 315
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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