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9.4 - Respiratory Failure

from Section 9 - Paediatric Care

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2023

By
Andrew J. Jones  and
Thomas Brick
Edited by
Ned Gilbert-Kawai ,
Debashish Dutta  and
Carl Waldmann
Ned Gilbert-Kawai
Affiliation:
The Royal Liverpool Hospital
Debashish Dutta
Affiliation:
Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow
Carl Waldmann
Affiliation:
Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading
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Summary

Key Learning Points

  1. 1. The anatomy and physiology of young children make them particularly vulnerable to respiratory failure.

  2. 2. Children who need intubating for upper airway obstruction require input from doctors competent in the management of the paediatric airway.

  3. 3. Respiratory failure is the most common indication for admission to the paediatric intensive care unit.

  4. 4. The principles of lung-protective ventilation apply in children.

  5. 5. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation is an effective rescue modality in children.

Keywords

respiratory failurepARDSbronchiolitiscrouphigh-frequency oscillatory ventilationmechanical ventilationECMO
Type
Chapter
Information
Intensive Care Medicine
The Essential Guide
 , pp. 698 - 702
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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References

References and Further Reading

Cheifetz, IM. Pediatric ARDS. Respir Care 2017;62:718–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Franklin, D, Babl, FE, Schlapbach, LJ, et al. A randomized trial of high-flow oxygen therapy in infants with bronchiolitis. N Engl J Med 2018;378:1121–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gelbart, B, Parsons, S, Sarpal, A, Ninova, P, Butt, W. Intensive care management of children intubated for croup: a retrospective analysis. Anaesth Intensive Care 2016;44:245–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harris, M, Clark, J, Coote, N, et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011. Thorax 2011;66(Suppl 2):ii1–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leinwand, K, Brumbaugh, DE, Kramer, RE. Button battery ingestion in children: a paradigm for management of severe pediatric foreign body ingestions. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2016;26:99–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McIntosh, K. Community-acquired pneumonia in children. N Engl J Med 2002;346:429–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference Group. Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: consensus recommendations from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2015;16:428–39.Google Scholar

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