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3.7.2 - Host Defence Mechanisms and Immunodeficiency Disorders

from Section 3.7 - Infection and Immunity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2023

By
Claire McCann
Edited by
Ned Gilbert-Kawai ,
Debashish Dutta  and
Carl Waldmann
Ned Gilbert-Kawai
Affiliation:
The Royal Liverpool Hospital
Debashish Dutta
Affiliation:
Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow
Carl Waldmann
Affiliation:
Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading
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Summary

Key Learning Points

  1. 1. The innate immune system is immediate and non-specific, whilst the adaptive immune system mounts a slower, specific response to pathogens.

  2. 2. The complement system can be activated by either the innate or the adaptive immune system.

  3. 3. There are five classes of antibody, with variable roles.

  4. 4. Primary immunodeficiency disorders are genetic or congenital in origin, are present early in life and are rare.

  5. 5. Secondary acquired immunodeficiency is more common and linked to drug treatment, haematological disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection and critical illness.

Keywords

complementantibodiesinnate immunityadaptive immunity
Type
Chapter
Information
Intensive Care Medicine
The Essential Guide
 , pp. 248 - 250
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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References

References and Further Reading

Chaplin, D. Overview of the human immune response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117:S430–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGoughlin, S, Padiglione, AA. Host defence mechanisms and immunodeficiency disorders. In: Bersten, A, Soni, N (eds). Oh’s Intensive Care Manual, 7th edn. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann; 2014. pp. 703–9.Google Scholar
Nikita, R, Dinakar, C. Overview of immunodeficiency disorders. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2015;35:599–623.Google Scholar

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