Index

François Bourguignon; Jean-Philippe Platteau

doi:10.1017/9781009285735.015

Index

Footnotes are indicated by n. after the page number.

accommodation between formal and informal institutions, 20, 47, 309

Acemoglu, Daron, 2, 32, 36–37, 41, 52

adhesion to institutions, 14–15

Afghanistan, 21, 272, 319

Africa, business environments, 22–23

Afrobarometer opinion poll, 63–66

agricultural sectors. See also labour productivity trends; land rights and administration

Bangladesh, 90, 98, 101, 238–239

Benin, agro-processing strategy for, 138–139, 247–248

Benin, cotton sector, 128–129, 247

institutional change theories applied to, 25–26

Lewisian framework applied to, 229

Mozambique, 143–144, 151–153, 249, 251

rural land, conflicts over, 307–310

South Korea, productivity gap, 168–170, 174–175, 234

Taiwan. See Taiwan, agricultural sector reform

Tanzania, 108, 113, 242–243, 262

Ahmed, Zahid, 272

Ajavon, Sébastien, 155, 156, 306

Akerlof, Georges, 31–32, 39

Amsden, Alice H., 174, 180

Anti-Corruption Commission of Bangladesh, 102, 103

Atatürk, Kemal, 39, 44, 257

Auriol, Emmanuelle, 41, 270

authoritarianism. See also democracy

Benin, Talon premiership. See Talon, Patrice

China and Vietnam, 279, 286

military or religious regimes generally, 9–10, 270–274, 318–319

relation-based authoritarianism, 208, 290n.1

South Korea, authoritarian corporatism, 164–165, 176–179, 189, 235–236, 259–260, 318

Taiwan, authoritarian corporatism, 193, 206–208, 215–217, 258–259, 318

Tanzania, Magufuli premiership, 112–113, 116–117, 120, 121, 124, 282–283, 318

automotive industry, South Korea, 182–183

Baland, Jean-Marie, 15, 18

Bangladesh

business-politics nexus, 103, 105, 241, 284–285

economic development constraints, 79, 96, 98–103, 238–242

economic growth performance, 95–99, 236–239

geographical and demographic context, 89–90

growth diagnostics study of, 78–79

informal labour market, 239–240

institutional capacity, comparative data, 59–60, 70–73, 99

institutional capacity, quantitative survey data, 85

institutional diagnostic findings, 102–108

political and economic history, 90–94, 270, 272–273

reform proposals for, 106, 107, 241–242

remittances from emigrants, 96–97, 99, 239

RMG sector. See Bangladesh, RMG (ready-made garments) sector

state capacity deficiencies. See Bangladesh, state capacity deficiencies

Bangladesh, RMG (ready-made garments) sector

‘deals’ culture of, 103, 105, 241, 285

as ‘growth engine,’79, 95–96, 98, 240

state policies driving, 253

sustainability concerns, 96, 99, 103, 240–241

Bangladesh, state capacity deficiencies

banking sector, 100, 295–296

bureaucracy, 102–103, 294–295

education system, 100–101, 107, 173, 294, 297, 298, 300

judicial system, 101, 302–304

land rights and administration, 101, 308–309, 313–314

proximate causes, 104–105

tax mobilisation, 99–100, 297

banking sectors

Bangladesh, 100, 295–296

Mozambique, 152

South Korea, 184, 188, 260

Taiwan, 214–215

Bates, Robert, 43

Benin

business-politics nexus, 128–129, 131–133, 137–138, 155–156, 248, 279–281

cotton sector, 128–129, 247

economic development constraints, 128–131, 245–248

economic growth performance, 127, 236–238, 245, 247

geographical and demographic context, 126

informal cross-border trade with Nigeria, 129–131, 138, 246–247

institutional capacity, comparative data, 64, 65, 70–73

institutional diagnostic findings, 81–83, 136–137

political and economic history, 126, 128, 262–264

poverty and inequality, 127, 133

reform proposals for, 137–140, 247–248

Benin, state capacity deficiencies

education system, 133–134, 139, 140, 300–301

judicial system, 132, 134, 302

land rights and administration, 135–136, 292–293, 307, 312–313

proximate causes, 134–136

public trust in institutions, 132, 134

tax mobilisation, 130, 134

Binmore, Kenneth, 29

Binswanger, Hans P., 25

Boni Yayi, Thomas, 155, 156, 306

Boserup, Ester, 25

Bourguiba, Habib, 39, 257

Bourguignon, François, 41, 320

Bowie, Alasdair, 306

Bowles, Samuel, 29

Brazil, 174, 301

bureaucracy. See also state capacity

Bangladesh, 102–103, 294–295

corruption and cronyism affecting. See corruption and cronyism

deficiencies generally, 3–4, 21, 288–289, 291–292, 314–315

South Korea, 177, 259, 289–291

specific areas. See land rights and administration; tax mobilisation

Taiwan, 208–210, 289–291

Tanzania, 118–120, 122

Burkina Faso, 128, 309

Burundi, institutional capacity data, 57–58

business environments

business assets, rights over, 305–306

ethnic minority businesspeople, 22, 276, 306

relation-based vs. rule-based, 33, 290n.1

sub-Saharan Africa, 22–23

Taiwan, SMEs as economic driver, 211–214, 220, 231–232, 259, 289

business-politics nexus. See also corruption and cronyism; informal institutions

Bangladesh, 103, 105, 241, 284–285

Benin, 128–129, 131–133, 137–138, 155–156, 248, 279–281

generally, 39, 274–279, 285–286

Mozambique, 146–149, 153, 250, 283–284

South Korea. See chaebols (business groups in South Korea)

Taiwan, business bargaining power limited, 216–217, 258, 274–275

Taiwan, SOEs (state-owned enterprises), 210–211, 213, 215, 258

Tanzania, 116–118, 123–124, 244, 281–283

Cabo Delgado, 141–142, 145–146, 149, 284

Cambodia, institutional capacity data, 59–60

car manufacture, South Korea, 182–183

Chabal, Patrick, 24

chaebols (business groups in South Korea)

corruption scandals, 189, 260

early development, 176–178, 180, 260

HCI (heavy and chemical industries) strategy and, 178, 181–184, 187–189, 235

indebtedness and ‘too big to fail’ problem (1970s), 184, 188, 235, 260–261

tournaments among, 290

Chan, Steve, 191

chemical industries. See HCI (heavy and chemical industries)

Cheng, Tun-Jen, 212, 215–217, 219n.24

Chiang Ching-kuo, 216, 258

Chiang Kai-shek, 208–210, 258, 271

China

authoritarian corporatism, 279, 286

development assistance to Africa, 320

expropriation of business assets, 305

historical resistance to overseas trade, 42

informal guanxi arrangements, 20n.4, 212n.19

in Korean War, 162

market-oriented reforms, 257

Chu, Yun-Han, 212, 215–217

Chun Doo-Hwan, 165, 188

civil service. See bureaucracy

clientelism. See business-politics nexus

climate change, 90, 152

clothing sector, Bangladesh. See Bangladesh, RMG (ready-made garments) sector

Coase theorem, limitations and political extension, 34–38

coercion by institutions, 15

‘collectivist’ vs. ‘individualist’ societies, 17, 23, 32–33

colonial histories and legacies

Bangladesh, 90, 105

generally, 20, 21, 46, 266

Mozambique, 140, 142

South Korea, 159–161, 173, 187, 255, 289, 290, 305

Taiwan. See Taiwan, Japanese colonial legacy

Tanzania, 109–110, 266

competition between formal and informal institutions, 21–23

complementarity between formal and informal institutions, 19–20

constitutional institutions, 17

corruption and cronyism. See also business-politics nexus

Bangladesh, 100, 102–105, 241, 294–295, 302–303

Benin, 132, 246, 263, 264, 281, 292, 302

cross-country comparisons. See institutional capacity, cross-country comparisons

generally, 3, 5, 21–22, 52–53, 276

international rankings, 53

judicial systems undermined by, 53, 302–303, 315, 317

key informants’ views on, 74–75

in land administration, 42–43, 101, 292, 311, 313

Mozambique, hidden debt scandal, 149, 250, 284

political economy approach to, 39–40, 43, 291–293, 314

South Korea, 189, 260

Taiwan, problem controlled, 209, 258

Tanzania, corruption culture, 115, 118–122, 302

Tanzania, political corruption scandals, 112–113, 116–117, 119, 120, 124, 282

Côte d’Ivoire, ethnic conflicts, 308, 309

cotton sector, Benin, 128–129, 247

COVID-19 pandemic, 97n.9, 107, 112

cronyism. See corruption and cronyism

cross-country studies, 3. See also institutional capacity, cross-country comparisons

customary institutions. See informal institutions

Daewoo, 182

Daloz, Jean-Pascal, 24

Dasgupta, Indraneel, 268, 269

Davidson, Basil, 265, 266

Dawson, John W., 52

democracy. See also authoritarianism

Bangladesh, 92–94, 106, 107

Benin, 127, 131–132, 280

cross-country comparisons. See institutional capacity, cross-country comparisons

Mozambique, provincial government reform proposals, 154

overseas donors’ emphasis on, 320–321

South Korea, transition to, 165–166

demographic contexts. See geographical and demographic contexts

Deng Xiaoping, 257

Devarajan, Shantayanan, 320

Dewatripont, Mathias, 45–46

Dixit, Avinash, 3, 5–6, 39

donor assistance. See ODA (overseas development assistance)

Dossou-Yovo, Koffi, 156

Drèze, Jean, 6

Durlauf, Stephen, 52

Dutch disease, 130

economic backwardness theory, 41

economic development, history of. See also political history

Bangladesh, 91–92, 94, 270

Benin, 126, 128, 262–263

Mozambique, 141–143, 146–147, 248–249, 263–264

South Korea. See South Korea, industrialisation

Taiwan. See Taiwan, agricultural sector reform; Taiwan, industrialisation

Tanzania, 110–113, 116, 261–262, 264, 266–267

economic development constraints

Bangladesh, 79, 96, 98–103, 238–242

Benin, 128–131, 245–248

climate change, 90, 152

conclusions on, 251–253

corruption and cronyism. See corruption and cronyism

export diversification needs. See exports

Mozambique, 143–146, 249–251

political factors. See political factors in economic development

state capacity deficiencies. See state capacity

Tanzania, 113–115, 122, 242–245

economic growth and development

Bangladesh, growth performance, 95–99, 236–239

Benin, growth performance, 127, 236–238, 245, 247

constraints on. See economic development constraints

development strategy proposals. See reform proposals

‘growth’ and ‘development’ terms distinguished, 4–5

‘growth engines’ generally, 252–253

history of. See economic development, history of

infrastructure development for. See electricity infrastructure; transport infrastructure

institutional change for. See institutional change

Mozambique, growth performance, 141–142, 236–238, 249

political elites thwarting, 40–44, 299

political factors. See political factors in economic development

social matters. See informal labour markets; labour productivity trends; poverty and inequality

South Korea, growth performance, 166, 167, 181, 230–231, 236–238

state capacity factors. See state capacity

structural transformation. See structural transformation of economies

Taiwan, growth performance, 191–192, 230–232, 236–238

Tanzania, growth performance, 113, 236–238

education systems

Bangladesh, 100–101, 107, 173, 294, 297, 298, 300

Benin, 133–134, 139, 140, 300–301

case study of successful reform (Sobral, Brazil), 301

deficiencies generally, 3–4, 41, 296–301, 314

Indonesia, 268

Mozambique, 154, 298–300

Pakistan, 41, 299

South Korea, 173–174, 296–297

Taiwan, 192, 203, 208, 214, 296–297

Tanzania, 114, 120, 173, 244, 298

Egypt, 53, 256, 270

electricity infrastructure

Benin, 133, 140

generally, 77, 251

Taiwan, 251

Tanzania, 114, 119, 121, 244–245

Ellis, Stephen, 24

Engerman, Stanley L., 32

Ershad, Hussain Muhammad, 92, 272, 273, 284

ethnic compositions. See also geographical and demographic contexts

Bangladesh, 90

Benin, 126, 132

ethnic minority businesspeople, 22, 276, 306

land rights conflicts between groups, 308–309

Mozambique, ethnic conflict, 142–143, 146, 263

nation-building challenges posed by, 264–270, 286–287

South Korea, 159

Taiwan, ethnic conflict, 193, 257–258

Tanzania, 109, 116, 266

tribal societies, 16, 24, 30, 265

evolutionary theory of institutional change, 27–30

exports

Bangladesh, diversification need, 79, 80, 96, 99, 102–103, 241

Benin, agricultural exports strategy for, 138–139

Benin-Nigeria re-export trade, 129–131, 138, 246–247

Mozambique, diversification need, 142

South Korea, manufacturing exports, 169–172, 179–184, 188–189, 234, 236

Taiwan, 192, 204, 213, 233

Tanzania, diversification need, 80, 113, 122, 244

expropriation of property, 305

external finance

FDI. See FDI (foreign direct investment)

ODA. See ODA (overseas development assistance)

remittances, Bangladesh, 96–97, 99, 239

extractives sector

Mozambique, 145–146, 149, 153–154, 250, 251, 284

Tanzania, 108, 114

Fafchamps, Marcel, 19, 22

farming. See agricultural sectors

FDI (foreign direct investment)

Benin, need for, 139

Mozambique, 141

Taiwan, 214

Tanzania, 114

Fei, John C. H., 199, 226n.1

Fernandez, Raquel, 45, 291

fundamental institutions, 17

garments sector, Bangladesh. See Bangladesh, RMG (ready-made garments) sector

Geertz, Clifford, 264, 265

geographical and demographic contexts. See also ethnic compositions

Bangladesh, 89–90

Benin, 126

Mozambique, 140, 141, 143–145, 248

South Korea, 158–159, 256

Taiwan, 192, 193, 204, 256

Tanzania, 108–109

Gerschenkron, Alexander, 317–318

Ghana, 21, 64, 65, 263, 267

Gomez, Edmund T., 283n.15

good governance indicators, 1, 3, 51–54

‘Governance and the Law’ (World Bank report), 1

gradual vs. radical institutional reforms, 44–48

Greif, Avner, 16, 17, 23, 32–33

growth diagnostics, 7, 49, 76–79

guanxi arrangements, China, 20n.4, 212n.19

Guebuza, Armando, 148, 284nn.16–17

Guirkinger, Catherine, 26

Gupta family (businesspeople in South Africa), 276, 306

Gurnah, Abdulrazak, 266n.2

Hausmann, Ricardo, 7, 49, 76, 77, 222

Hayami, Yujiro, 24–25

HCI (heavy and chemical industries)

South Korea, 172, 178, 181–184, 187–189, 235

Taiwan, 213

Helmke, Gretchen, 18–19

Hicks, John, 25n.7

hidden debt scandal, Mozambique, 149, 250, 284

Hirschman, Alfred, 28, 144

historical case studies, 2–3, 26, 42

Ho, Samuel P.S., 198, 201

Houngbédji, Adrien, 155

Huang, Sophia Wu, 197

Hyundai, 173, 182, 183

IDP. See Institutional Diagnostic Project (IDP)

Iliffe, John, 265

India, 21, 40, 267–268, 272, 291n.2, 304n.5, 305

‘individualist’ vs. ‘collectivist’ societies, 17, 23, 32–33

Indonesia, 268, 269, 318–319

induced institutional innovation theory, 24–27

informal institutions. See also business-politics nexus

customary land rights formalised. See land rights and administration

defined, 15–16

informal law enforcement, 16–17, 23–24, 308, 309

interactions with formal institutions, change theories on, 16–18, 33, 45–47

interactions with formal institutions, typology, 18–24

informal labour markets

Bangladesh, 239–240

Benin, 130, 245, 246

Lewisian framework on, 77, 168, 227–228

Tanzania, 243

infrastructure development. See electricity infrastructure; transport infrastructure

institutional capacity, cross-country comparisons

benchmarking methods, 54–56

good governance indicators for, 51–54

limitations of, 60–62

Mozambique-focused study, 60–61

Tanzania-focused studies, 56–60, 115

institutional capacity, key informant surveys, 74–76

institutional capacity, quantitative surveys

CIS (country institutional surveys) methodology, 66–69, 73–74, 85

introduction, 62–63

opinion poll use for, 63–66

overview of case study findings, 69–73

institutional change

evolutionary theory of, 27–30

exogenous shocks to self-enforcing institutional equilibria, 31–33

informal institutions and. See informal institutions

‘institutions’ term and types, 14–17, 37n.14

introduction to study, 13–14

political economy approach. See political economy approach to institutional change

price-induced, 24–27

radical vs. gradual reforms, 44–48

reform proposals for IDP study states. See reform proposals

institutional diagnostic findings

Bangladesh, 102–108

Benin, 81–83, 136–137

diagnostic tables, 81–83

lessons offered by, 221–223, 316–321

Mozambique, 149–151

reform proposals arising from. See reform proposals

South Korea, 184–188

Taiwan, 217–220

Tanzania, 121–125

Institutional Diagnostic Project (IDP)

background, 1–6

East Asian tiger state benchmarks. See South Korea; Taiwan

findings. See institutional diagnostic findings

growth diagnostics approach compared, 7, 49, 76–79

methodology, 7–9, 49–50, 83–84, 316

cross-country comparisons. See institutional capacity, cross-country comparisons

key informant surveys, 74–76

quantitative surveys. See institutional capacity, quantitative surveys

thematic studies, 79–81

objectives, 6–7, 38, 49, 87

Islamic fundamentalism, 44–46

Japan

agricultural productivity, 169

institutional change in, 26

Korea colonial rule, 159–161, 173, 187, 255, 289, 290, 305

Meiji era economic development, 255, 257

Taiwan colonial legacy. See Taiwan, Japanese colonial legacy

Johnston, Bruce, 203, 204

Joko Widodo, 319

Jomo, Kwame S., 283n.15

Jones, Ben, 265

judicial systems. See also rule of law

Bangladesh, 101, 302–304

Benin, 132, 134, 302

corruption, cronyism and other deficiencies, 53, 302–303, 315, 317

legal pluralism, 20, 47, 268

Mozambique, 153

Pakistan, 303, 304

South Korea, 301–302

Taiwan, 301–302

Tanzania, 302

Kagame, Paul, 280, 282, 318

Kakar, Sudhir, 21n.5

Kanbur, Ravi, 268, 269

Kenya

business environment, 22

business-politics nexus, 275

corruption and cronyism, 42–43, 311

institutional capacity, comparative data, 57–58, 64, 65

land administration, 42–43, 311

Mau-Mau rebellion, 265

Kérékou, Mathieu, 126, 131, 262–264, 286

Khan, Ayub, 271, 318

Khemani, Stuti, 39, 288–289, 320

Kikuchi, Masao, 24–25

kin-based favouritism. See corruption and cronyism

Korea. See North Korea; South Korea

Kuran, Timur, 31–32

Kuznets, Simon, 77, 84, 97, 168, 222. See also Lewisian framework on structural transformation

labour markets, informal. See informal labour markets

labour productivity trends

Bangladesh, 98

Benin, 127, 138, 139, 246

conclusions on, 252

Lewisian framework on, 168, 194, 243

Mozambique, 249, 251

South Korea, 168–170

Taiwan, 194–195, 201–205

Tanzania, 242–243

Laitin, David D., 32

land conflicts, types and causes, 307–310

land rights and administration

Bangladesh, 101, 308–309, 313–314

Benin, 135–136, 292–293, 307, 312–313

corruption and cronyism affecting, 42–43, 101, 292, 311, 313

deficiencies generally, 293, 315

institutional changes theories applied to, 25–26

Kenya, 42–43

Pakistan, 303

South Korea, 305, 311

Taiwan, 197–198, 205, 305, 311

Tanzania, 114, 118–119, 293–294, 310–312

Lao People’s Democratic Republic, institutional capacity data, 59–60

Lau, Lawrence J., 208, 213n.22

law enforcement. See also judicial systems

dysfunctions of, 293, 315, 317

informal, 16–17, 23–24, 308, 309

legal pluralism, 20, 47, 268

Levitsky, Steven, 18–19

Lewis, W. Arthur, 28, 267, 316

Lewisian framework on structural transformation

Bangladesh, application to, 97–98, 238

outlined, 77, 84, 194, 222, 226–230, 242

South Korea, application to, 168–170, 231, 234, 236

Taiwan, application to, 194–195, 231–233, 236

Li, John Shuhe, 33

Liberia, 24

Lizzeri, Alessandro, 38

López Obrador, Andrés Manuel, 300

Lowassa, Edward, 112, 282

Lyon, Stephen M., 303

Magufuli, John, 112–113, 116–117, 120, 121, 124, 282–283, 318

Malawi, 57–58, 64, 65

Malaysia, 267–269, 282, 283n.15, 305, 306

Mali, 10, 20, 128, 309

manufacturing sectors

Bangladesh, 79, 95–96, 98, 99, 102–103, 238

Benin, 128

Mozambique, 141–142, 249–250

South Korea. See South Korea, industrialisation

Taiwan. See Taiwan, industrialisation

Tanzania, 113

Martin, Nicolas, 41, 303

Mauro, Paolo, 52

Mehmood, Sultan, 304

Mexico, 300

military-based authoritarian regimes, 9–10, 270–274, 318–319

Mill, John Stuart, 196n.4

Mohmand, Shandana Khan, 303

Mozambique

business-politics nexus, 146–149, 153, 250, 283–284

economic development constraints, 143–146, 249–251

economic growth performance, 141–142, 236–238, 249

ethno-regional tensions, 142–143, 146

geographical and demographic context, 140, 141, 143–145, 248

institutional capacity, comparative data, 57–58, 60–61, 64, 65, 70–73

institutional diagnostic findings, 149–151

natural gas opportunity, 145–146, 149, 153–154, 250, 251, 284

political and economic history, 141–143, 146–147, 248–249, 263–264

poverty and inequality, 141, 144–145, 151–152, 251

reform proposals for, 151–154, 251

Mozambique, state capacity deficiencies

banking sector, 152

education system, 154, 298–300

judicial system, 153

Mujib (Sheikh Mujibur Rahman), 91, 272, 273n.9

Musharaff, Pervez, 318

Myanmar, 10, 269, 270

nationalist movements in Africa, 264–266

natural history experiments, 2–3

natural resources

Benin, lack of, 127, 134

Mozambique, 145–146, 149, 153–154, 250, 251, 284

Taiwan, lack of, 193

Tanzania, 108, 114, 244

nepotism. See corruption and cronyism

NGOs (non-governmental organisations)

Bangladesh, 99, 106

Mozambique, 152, 153

Nigeria, informal trade with Benin, 129–131, 138, 246–247

Nkrumah, Kwame, 263, 267, 286

North, Douglass, 14, 30n.12

North Korea, 158, 161–162, 178, 179, 187. See also South Korea, political history

NPLs (non-performing loans)

Bangladesh, 100, 295–296

South Korea, 184

Nurkse, Ragnar, 194

Nyerere, Julius

economic and social policies, 111, 261–262, 267, 286

loss of control, 116, 262

nation-building achievements, 262, 264, 266–267

path to Presidency, 110

Nyusi, Filipe, 148, 284n.16

ODA (overseas development assistance)

to Bangladesh, 106

generally, 72–73, 319–321

to Mozambique, 143, 145–147, 151, 154, 283, 297

to Pakistan, 271

to South Korea, 170–172, 179, 234, 255–256

to Taiwan, 232, 255–256

to Tanzania, 111, 114, 124, 245, 262

Okuno-Fujiwara, Masahiro, 208, 290n.1

Onoma, Ato Kwamena, 42–43

outward migration

Bangladesh, 96–97, 239, 252

Mozambique, 144

Pakistan

Bangladesh’s secession from, 90–91, 272–273

corruption and cronyism, 21, 303, 304

donor assistance to, 256

education system, 41, 299

Indian immigrants in, 193, 257n.1, 286–287

military-religious regime, 10, 270–272, 318

Park, Albert, 203, 204

Park Chung Hee

as autocrat, 164–165, 259

background, 163–164

economic development policies, 178–183, 233–235, 253, 259–260, 271

as military junta head, 164, 176–178

Persico, Nicola, 38

Platteau, Jean-Philippe, 26, 41, 270, 320

political economy approach to institutional change

Coase theorem, limitations and political extension, 34–38

corruption and cronyism analysed, 39–40, 43, 291–293, 314

introduction, 33–34

norms and preferences for public goods, 38–40

political elites thwarting change, 40–44, 299

political factors in economic development

business-politics nexus. See business-politics nexus

faulty economics, 261–264, 277

introduction to study, 254–257

nation-building imperative, 264–267

economic efficiency trade-offs, 267–264, 286–287

policies mapped to regime types, 277–279

political systems. See authoritarianism; democracy

political history. See also economic development, history of

Bangladesh, 90–94, 270, 272–273

Benin, 126, 128, 262–263

colonial legacies. See colonial histories and legacies

Mozambique, 140–143, 145n.4, 248–249, 263

South Korea. See South Korea, political history

Taiwan, 193, 207–210, 255, 257–258, 286

Tanzania, 109–113, 116, 266–267

population data. See geographical and demographic contexts

POSCO (Pohang Iron and Steel Company), 178, 181, 183

post-Washington consensus, 1

poverty and inequality

Benin, 127, 133

clientelistic politics causing, 39–40

Mozambique, 141, 144–145, 151–152, 251

social protection, informal provision, 23

South Korea, 174–175

Tanzania, 114, 242

Prakash, Nishith, 40

price-induced institutional change, 24–27

primary education. See education systems

principal-agent theory, 26–27, 31

property rights protection

business assets, 305–306

land conflicts, types and causes, 307–310

land rights. See land rights and administration

public administration. See bureaucracy

public education. See education systems

public trust in institutions

Benin, 132, 134

generally, 14–15, 66

Tanzania, 123

punishments, 16–17, 32

radical vs. gradual institutional reforms, 44–48

Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur (Mujib), 91, 272, 273n.9

Rahman, Ziaur (General Zia), 91–92, 272, 273

railways. See transport infrastructure

Rana Plaza factory collapse (Bangladesh, 2013), 103, 240, 285

randomised control trial studies, 4

Ranis, Gustav, 226n.1

ready-made garments sector, Bangladesh. See Bangladesh, RMG (ready-made garments) sector

re-export trade, Benin-Nigeria, 129–131, 138, 246–247

reform proposals. See also institutional change

Bangladesh, 106, 107, 241–242

Benin, 137–140, 247–248

education reform case study (Sobral, Brazil), 301

Mozambique, 151–154, 251

Tanzania, 125, 244

relation-based governance, 33, 290n.1

remittances, Bangladesh, 96–97, 99, 239

replicator mechanisms, 28

Rhee, Syngman, 161–163, 173, 176, 259, 260

RMG sector, Bangladesh. See Bangladesh, RMG (ready-made garments) sector

roads. See transport infrastructure

Robinson, James, 2, 32, 41

Rodrik, Dani, 3, 7, 45, 49, 76, 222, 291

Roh Tae-Woo, 165–166

Roland, Gérard, 45–46

rule of law. See also judicial systems; state capacity

cross-country comparisons. See institutional capacity, cross-country comparisons

dysfunctional law enforcement, 293

informal law enforcement, 16–17, 23–24

property rights protection. See property rights protection

public trust in institutions. See public trust in institutions

relation-based authoritarianism, 208, 290n.1

rule-based governance, 33

rural land, conflicts over, 307–310

Russia, 26, 305, 321

Ruttan, Vernon W., 24–25

Rwanda, 57–58, 115, 133, 282, 308, 318

Samsung, 177–178, 182, 260

sanctions, 16–17, 32

self-enforcing institutions, 31–32

Senegal, institutional capacity data, 64–65

Seror, Avner, 304

Seth, Michael J., 173

Shapley, Lloyd S., 35

Sheikh, Md Ziaul Haque, 272

Sheikh Hasina, 92–94, 273, 284–285

shipbuilding, South Korea, 182, 235

Shipton, Parker, 43

Shubik, Martin, 35

Singapore, 174, 192, 214

Sinjin, 183

small and medium-sized enterprises, Taiwan, 211–214, 220, 231–232, 259, 289

Smith, Thomas Carlyle, 26, 255

social protection, informal provision, 23

SOEs (state-owned enterprises), Taiwan, 210–211, 213, 215, 258

Soglo, Nicephore, 155

Sokoloff, Kenneth L, 32

South Africa

elite immigrants in, 267–268, 276, 306

expropriation of business assets, 305

Mozambique, relations with, 141, 142, 144, 145, 263

South Korea

as benchmark for IDP, 9–10, 88, 157–158, 189–190, 225–226, 236–238, 243–244, 317–319

bureaucratic efficiency, 177, 259, 289–291

economic growth performance, 166, 167, 181, 230–231, 236–238

education system, 173–174, 296–297

geographical and demographic context, 158–159, 256

industrialisation. See South Korea, industrialisation

institutional diagnostic findings, 184–188

judicial system, 301–302

land rights and administration, 305, 311

political history. See South Korea, political history

poverty and inequality, 174–175

South Korea, industrialisation

agricultural sector, productivity gap, 168–170, 174–175, 234

authoritarian corporatism driving, 164–165, 176–179, 189, 235–236, 259–260, 318

chaebols, role in economy. See chaebols (business groups in South Korea)

data on, 166–171, 231

financing of, 170–173, 179–180, 234, 255–256

HCI (heavy and chemical industries) strategy (1970s), 172, 178, 181–184, 187–189, 235

light manufacturing export drive (1960s), 169–172, 179–184, 188–189, 233–235

South Korea, political history

Japanese rule and colonial legacy, 159–161, 173, 187, 255, 289, 290, 305

Korean War, 161–162

Park era, 163–165, 176–177, 186

post-war era generally, 162–163

pre-Japanese annexation, 159

transition to democracy, 165–166

state capacity

Bangladesh. See Bangladesh, state capacity deficiencies

Benin. See Benin, state capacity deficiencies

cross-country comparisons. See institutional capacity, cross-country comparisons

Mozambique. See Mozambique, state capacity deficiencies

political elites thwarting institutional change, 40–44, 299

specific areas. See bureaucracy; education systems; judicial systems; land rights and administration; tax mobilisation

Tanzania. See Tanzania, state capacity deficiencies

weak state capacity generally, 23–24, 134, 288–289, 291–292, 314–315, 317

state-owned enterprises (SOEs), Taiwan, 210–211, 213, 215, 258

Stiglitz, Joseph E., 31

structural transformation of economies

Bangladesh, 97–99, 238–240, 252

conclusions on, 251–253

economic obstacles to. See economic development constraints

generally, 4–5, 225

infrastructure development for. See electricity infrastructure; transport infrastructure

labour productivity trends. See labour productivity trends

Lewisian framework. See Lewisian framework on structural transformation

political factors. See political factors in economic development

South Korea. See South Korea, industrialisation

state capacity factors. See state capacity

Taiwan. See Taiwan, agricultural sector reform; Taiwan, industrialisation

sub-Saharan Africa, business environments, 22–23

substitution between formal and informal institutions, 23–24

Sudan, 270, 309

Suharto, President of Indonesia, 318–319

Sun Yat-sen, 210

Syria, 270

Taiwan

agricultural sector reform. See Taiwan, agricultural sector reform

authoritarian corporatism, 193, 206–208, 215–217, 258–259, 318

as benchmark for IDP, 9–10, 88, 191, 193–194, 225–226, 236–238, 243–244, 317–319

bureaucratic efficiency, 208–210, 289–291

business bargaining power limited, 216–217, 258, 274–275

economic growth performance, 191–192, 230–232, 236–238

education system, 192, 203, 208, 214, 296–297

geographical and demographic context, 192, 193, 204, 256

industrialisation. See Taiwan, industrialisation

institutional diagnostic findings, 217–220

Japanese colonial legacy. See Taiwan, Japanese colonial legacy

judicial system, 301–302

land rights and administration, 197–198, 205, 305, 311

political history, 193, 207–210, 255, 257–258, 286

trade policy reforms, 45, 205–206, 213–214

Taiwan, agricultural sector reform

exports data, 192

land reform programmes, 197–198, 205

overview, 194–197, 204–205, 219, 232–233

research and development, 198–199

rural industrialisation, 201–204

small farmers’ participation, 199

technological change, 200–201, 205

trade policy reforms, 45, 205–206, 213

Taiwan, industrialisation

export orientation, 192, 213, 233

HCI (heavy and chemical industries), 213

rural areas, 201–204

SMEs driving, 211–214, 220, 231–232, 259, 289

SOEs (state-owned enterprises), role in economy, 210–211, 213, 215, 258

Taiwan, Japanese colonial legacy

agricultural sector characteristics, 196, 202–203, 219, 255

bureaucratic structures, 206–207, 209, 212, 219, 289, 290

business conglomerates, 210, 235, 258

cadastral survey, 305

infrastructure, 253, 255

Talon, Patrice

economic growth, prospects under, 138, 140, 248, 280–281, 318

as ‘king of cotton,’128–129, 247

path to Presidency, 132–133, 155–156, 276, 280, 306

Tanzania

business-politics nexus, 116–118, 123–124, 244, 281–283

economic development constraints, 113–115, 122, 242–245

economic growth performance, 113, 236–238, 242

geographical and demographic context, 108–109

growth diagnostics study of, 77–78

institutional capacity, comparative data, 56–60, 64–66, 70–73, 115

institutional diagnostic findings, 121–125

natural gas opportunity, 108, 114, 244

political and economic history, 109–113, 116, 261–262, 264, 266–267

poverty and inequality, 114, 242

reform proposals for, 125, 244

Tanzania, state capacity deficiencies

bureaucracy, 118–120, 122

education system, 114, 120, 173, 244, 298

judicial system, 302

land rights and administration, 114, 118–119, 293–294, 310–312

public trust in institutions, 123

tax mobilisation, 244, 294

tax mobilisation

Bangladesh, 99–100, 297

Benin, 130, 134

Tanzania, 244, 294

teachers. See education systems

technological development, Lewisian framework on, 228

textiles sector, Bangladesh. See Bangladesh, RMG (ready-made garments) sector

Thorbecke, Eric, 199

Tilly, Charles, 287

tourism sector, Tanzania, 108, 242, 244

trade policy reforms, Taiwan, 45, 205–206, 213–214

transport infrastructure

Benin, 133, 138

generally, 251

Mozambique, 143–145, 152

Taiwan, 203, 251

Tanzania, 244–245

tribal societies, 16, 24, 30, 265

Tunisia, 39, 257

Turkey, 39, 44–45, 174, 257

Twining, Edward, 266n.3

Uganda, 57–58, 64, 65, 265, 298, 306

US development assistance. See ODA (overseas development assistance)

vehicle manufacture, South Korea, 182–183

Velasco, Andrés, 7, 49, 76, 222

Verdier, Thierry, 41, 270

Vietnam, 59–60, 279, 286

violence, inter-ethnic. See under ethnic compositions

Voigtländer, Nico, 26

Voth, Hans-Joachim, 26

Wade, Robert, 206, 207, 209, 210, 255, 291n.2, 292n.3, 320–321

women

Bangladesh, labour market participation, 240

Benin, land deals by or on behalf of, 135n.2, 313

South Korea, labour market participation, 170

Taiwan, female rural workers, 202, 204

Turkey, political rights, 44

Woo-Cumings, Meredith, 209

Yayi Boni, Thomas, 155, 156, 306

Yi Pyong Chol, 177–178

Yin, K.Y., 210

Young, Alwyn, 28, 170–171

Zia, General (Ziaur Rahman), 91–92, 272, 273

Zia, Khaleda, 92–94, 273, 284–285

Zia-ul-Haq, Muhammad, 271–272, 318

Zimbabwe, 22n.6, 141, 142

Zuma, Jacob, 276, 306

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