2 - The Informal Institutions of Reciprocity: A Quantitative Puzzle and Analysis

Summary

ENTRY INTO THE FOUR AFRICAN VILLAGES

For the first five to six hours of the journey from the capital cities of Ghana (Accra) and Côte d'Ivoire (Abidjan) to the fieldsite villages in the Brong-Ahafo and Abengourou regions, I traveled in relative comfort in a large, Greyhound-style bus. Once we arrived at the district or regional capital, my two research assistants and I were told to “wait small” to fill up a compact-size taxi (usually squeezed with four in the back and three up front). As we clattered down the pitted dirt road for the last half hour of our trip, I noticed the extra bolts and duct tape that kept various parts of the car secure and glimpsed the ground below through several small holes in the floorboard. I supposed it was in the interest of fuel economy that the engine was turned off, and we coasted down a couple of the hills on our way. None of these things seemed interesting, or even noteworthy, to my research assistants as they quietly scanned the horizon for signs that we may have entered our first fieldsite.

Of course, this “official arrival” beginning in October 1998 was not the first time I had visited each of these fieldsite villages. On a scoping trip a year earlier (during the spring and summer of 1997), I had followed the chain of command from the capital cities of the nation, region, and district to gather information about the differences among the various regions, districts, and villages; and to obtain official permission to visit and perhaps later conduct my study.