Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Introduction
- PART I PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
- PART II INFERTILITY EVALUATION AND TREATMENT
- 6 Evaluation of the Infertile Female
- 7 Fertiloscopy
- 8 Microlaparoscopy
- 9 Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologic Laparoscopy
- 10 Laparoscopic Tubal Anastomosis
- 11 Tubal Microsurgery versus Assisted Reproduction
- 12 The Future of Operative Laparoscopy for Infertility
- 13 Operative Hysteroscopy for Uterine Septum
- 14 Laser in Subfertility
- 15 Ultrasonography of the Endometrium for Infertility
- 16 Ultrasonography of the Cervix
- 17 Transrectal Ultrasonography in Male Infertility
- 18 The Basic Semen Analysis: Interpretation and Clinical Application
- 19 Evaluation of Sperm Damage: Beyond the WHO Criteria
- 20 Male Factor Infertility: State of the ART
- 21 Diagnosis and Treatment of Male Ejaculatory Dysfunction
- 22 Ovulation Induction
- 23 Clomiphene Citrate for Ovulation Induction
- 24 Aromatase Inhibitors for Assisted Reproduction
- 25 Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Gonadotrophins
- 26 The Future of Gonadotrophins: Is There Room for Improvement?
- 27 Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
- 28 Reducing the Risk of High-Order Multiple Pregnancy Due to Ovulation Induction
- 29 Hyperprolactinemia
- 30 Medical Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- 31 Surgical Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- 32 Endometriosis-Associated Infertility
- 33 Medical Management of Endometriosis
- 34 Reproductive Surgery for Endometriosis-Associated Infertility
- 35 Congenital Uterine Malformations and Reproduction
- 36 Unexplained Infertility
- 37 “Premature Ovarian Failure”: Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Management
- PART III ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
- PART IV ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN FERTILITY AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
- Index
- Plate section
- References
25 - Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Gonadotrophins
from PART II - INFERTILITY EVALUATION AND TREATMENT
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Introduction
- PART I PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
- PART II INFERTILITY EVALUATION AND TREATMENT
- 6 Evaluation of the Infertile Female
- 7 Fertiloscopy
- 8 Microlaparoscopy
- 9 Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologic Laparoscopy
- 10 Laparoscopic Tubal Anastomosis
- 11 Tubal Microsurgery versus Assisted Reproduction
- 12 The Future of Operative Laparoscopy for Infertility
- 13 Operative Hysteroscopy for Uterine Septum
- 14 Laser in Subfertility
- 15 Ultrasonography of the Endometrium for Infertility
- 16 Ultrasonography of the Cervix
- 17 Transrectal Ultrasonography in Male Infertility
- 18 The Basic Semen Analysis: Interpretation and Clinical Application
- 19 Evaluation of Sperm Damage: Beyond the WHO Criteria
- 20 Male Factor Infertility: State of the ART
- 21 Diagnosis and Treatment of Male Ejaculatory Dysfunction
- 22 Ovulation Induction
- 23 Clomiphene Citrate for Ovulation Induction
- 24 Aromatase Inhibitors for Assisted Reproduction
- 25 Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Gonadotrophins
- 26 The Future of Gonadotrophins: Is There Room for Improvement?
- 27 Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
- 28 Reducing the Risk of High-Order Multiple Pregnancy Due to Ovulation Induction
- 29 Hyperprolactinemia
- 30 Medical Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- 31 Surgical Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- 32 Endometriosis-Associated Infertility
- 33 Medical Management of Endometriosis
- 34 Reproductive Surgery for Endometriosis-Associated Infertility
- 35 Congenital Uterine Malformations and Reproduction
- 36 Unexplained Infertility
- 37 “Premature Ovarian Failure”: Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Management
- PART III ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
- PART IV ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN FERTILITY AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
- Index
- Plate section
- References
Summary
INTRODUCTION
Exogenous hormone supplementation has been used to treat infertility for nearly 100 years (1). Compounds extracted from urine and serum have been used in pharmacotherapeutic preparations as the mainstay of exogenous hormone supplementation until recently. These preparations enabled clinicians to manipulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis to induce follicular recruitment and subsequent ovulation in otherwise anovulatory infertile patients. A resurgence of interest in the treatment of infertility occurred with the birth of the first infant following successful in vitro fertilization (IVF), baby Louise Brown. It is interesting that this pregnancy did not result from exogenous hormone supplementation but rather from a noninduced ovulation (2). Nevertheless, with this successful pregnancy came renewed interest in treatment of infertility. This interest has resulted in the development of new technologies for the production of better, safer, and more affordable treatment options for the infertile female patient.
Ovulation of a single healthy oocyte in a natural cycle is a carefully orchestrated event modulated by secretion of several glycoproteins that act on the ovary and other reproductive tissues to stimulate changes in functional morphology and to stimulate steroidogenesis (Table 25.1). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland in response to the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. Circulating FSH stimulates follicular growth in the ovary by acting on specific FSH receptors in the cell membranes of granulosa cells.
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Infertility and Assisted Reproduction , pp. 228 - 234Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008
References
- 2
- Cited by