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7 - Brokering Inclusion

Intermediaries, Clientelism, and Constraints on Latin America’s Left Turn

from Part II - Inclusion and Partisan Representation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 January 2021

By
Thad Dunning  and
Lucas M. Novaes
Edited by
Diana Kapiszewski ,
Steven Levitsky  and
Deborah J. Yashar
Diana Kapiszewski
Affiliation:
Georgetown University, Washington DC
Steven Levitsky
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
Deborah J. Yashar
Affiliation:
Princeton University, New Jersey
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Summary

The growth of economic informality, the transformation of left party-union linkages, and the rise of political decentralization in Latin America have all empowered local “brokers" who are linked to national political parties but also substantially autonomous and often opportunistic. The leaders of left parties in the region – even parties that are externally mobilized or that advance programmatic platforms promoting greater inclusion of popular sectors – have often needed to negotiate with such actors to secure power and implement policies. In this chapter, we consider the resources that intermediaries offer to parties but also the challenges that broker-mediated incorporation poses for left parties. We then use new evidence from Brazil – n particular, from the experience of the externally mobilized, programmatic Workers’ Party (PT) – to show the necessity but also the fragility of alliances with such actors. We assess possible implications of the reliance on brokers for the sustainability of the “inclusionary turn" in Latin America.

Keywords

brokersleft-wing partiesintermediariesdecentralizationinformality
Type
Chapter
Information
The Inclusionary Turn in Latin American Democracies , pp. 219 - 253
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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