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13 - Key role of fuel cells

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2010

By
Frank Marscheider-Weidemann ,
Elna Schirrmeister  and
Annette Roser
Edited by
Michael Ball  and
Martin Wietschel
Michael Ball
Affiliation:
Shell, The Netherlands
Martin Wietschel
Affiliation:
Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Summary

Some of the most important benefits of hydrogen can only be realised if hydrogen is used in fuel cells; for instance, the high overall conversion efficiency compared with the internal combustion engine, as well as the reduction of local pollution and noise. Therefore, the market success of fuel cells plays a key role in a hydrogen economy. The following chapter gives a brief introduction to the fuel cell as a technology and describes the various types of fuel cells and their potential uses in mobile, stationary and portable applications. However, preparing for the structural changes in industry is just as important as the technical optimisation of fuel cells, and the remainder of the chapter is devoted to this aspect.

Historical development of fuel cells

Fuel-cell technology first took off more than 170 years ago. In 1839, the Welsh judge, Sir William Grove, presented the first fuel-cell battery, in which he was able to generate an electrical current from hydrogen and oxygen by reversing the process of electrolysis (Grove,1839). The electrodes were platinum and sulphuric acid was used as the electrolyte. Since the invention of the fuel cell, expectations of their broad market introduction have built up into waves several times, but have then crashed each time. One such wave is demonstrated by the speech of Wilhelm Ostwald, the famous electrochemist, to the Bunsengesellschaft in 1894, in which he stated that fuel cells are superior to steam engines and all other kinds of incineration technique (Ostwald, 1894).

Type
Chapter
Information
The Hydrogen Economy
Opportunities and Challenges
 , pp. 348 - 384
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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